Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 21.3

A Mound of Salt

Ghaṭasutta

Setting
Rājagaha, the Bamboo Grove
Speakers
Venerables Sāriputta and Moggallāna, in direct conversation with each other
Form
A dialogue between two senior disciples, featuring a psychic conversation described within it
Length
~2.5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — the saṃyutta's first discourse featuring its two chief disciples speaking directly to each other

Why this discourse

This discourse brings Sāriputta and Moggallāna into direct conversation for the first time in this saṃyutta. Sāriputta notices Moggallāna's unusually clear complexion and asks what kind of meditation produced it. Moggallāna reveals something remarkable: he had a Dhamma conversation with the Buddha, who was physically far away at Sāvatthī, conducted entirely through mutually cleared clairvoyance and clairaudience, on the topic of what makes someone genuinely energetic. The discourse closes with each disciple ranking himself modestly beneath the other.

Reading guide

Physical distance made irrelevant to the conversation described

The discourse doesn't describe Moggallāna traveling to the Buddha or the Buddha traveling to him; the conversation happens through mutually cleared clairvoyance and clairaudience alone, removing ordinary physical distance from the account entirely.

Energy defined through a vivid, uncompromising formula

The Buddha's answer to Moggallāna's question about being energetic isn't abstract; it's a specific, startling declaration — let only skin, sinews, and bones remain, let flesh and blood waste away, I won't stop until I've achieved what's humanly possible — giving the term concrete, almost visceral content.

Two similes of self-effacement, each precisely calibrated

Sāriputta compares himself to gravel next to the Himalayas when praising Moggallāna, and Moggallāna compares himself to a few grains of salt next to a mound of salt when praising Sāriputta — two distinct images of vast disproportion, each chosen rather than a single interchangeable comparison.

Praise supported by citing the Buddha's own words, not personal opinion

Moggallāna doesn't simply state that Sāriputta is wise; he backs the claim by quoting a verse in which the Buddha himself has already commended Sāriputta, grounding the compliment in external authority rather than personal assessment alone.

This discourse's own title drawn from the closing simile, not the main narrative

Despite the psychic conversation about energy occupying most of the discourse's content, the title Ghaṭa, “a mound of salt,” is drawn from the closing exchange of similes rather than from the central narrative event.

Key terms

dibbacakkhu … dibbā sotadhātu — “clairvoyance … clairaudience” — the specific psychic faculties both the Buddha and Moggallāna cleared toward each other, enabling their conversation across distance.
āraddhavīriyo — “energetic” — the term Moggallāna's conversation with the Buddha sets out to define, answered with a vivid, uncompromising formula.
kāmaṁ taco ca nhāru ca aṭṭhi ca avasissatu — “gladly, let only skin, sinews, and bones remain” — the Buddha's concrete definition of genuine energy, quoted within Moggallāna's account.
himavato pabbatarājassa parittā pāsāṇasakkharā — “a few pieces of gravel next to the Himalayas” — Sāriputta's simile for his own standing compared to Moggallāna.
mahatiyā loṇaghaṭāya parittā loṇasakkharā — “a few grains of salt next to a mound of salt” — Moggallāna's simile for his own standing compared to Sāriputta, giving this discourse its title.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. At that time Venerables Sāriputta and Moggallāna were staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. Then in the late afternoon, Venerable Sāriputta came out of retreat, went to Venerable Moggallāna, and exchanged greetings with him. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, Sāriputta sat down to one side, and said to Mahāmoggallāna:

§2“Reverend Moggallāna, your faculties are so very clear, and your complexion is pure and bright. Have you spent the day in a peaceful meditation?” “Reverend, I’ve spent the day in a coarse meditation. But I have had some Dhamma talk.” “Who did you have a Dhamma talk with?” “With the Buddha.” “But Reverend, the Buddha is far away. He’s staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. Did you go to him with your psychic power, or did he come to you?” “No reverend, I didn’t go to him with my psychic power, nor did he come to me. Rather, the Buddha cleared his clairvoyance and clairaudience towards me, and I cleared my clairvoyance and clairaudience towards him.” “But what manner of Dhamma talk did you have together?”

§3“Well, reverend, I said to the Buddha, ‘Sir, they speak of one who is energetic. How is an energetic person defined?’ When I said this, the Buddha said, ‘Moggallāna, it’s when a mendicant lives with energy roused up: “Gladly, let only skin, sinews, and bones remain! Let the flesh and blood waste away in my body! I will not stop trying until I have achieved what is possible by human strength, energy, and vigor.” That’s how an individual is energetic.’ That’s the Dhamma talk I had together with the Buddha.”

§4“Reverend, next to Venerable Mahāmoggallāna I’m like a few pieces of gravel next to the Himalayas, the king of mountains. Venerable Mahāmoggallāna is so mighty and powerful he could, if he wished, live on for the proper lifespan.”

§5“Reverend, next to Venerable Sāriputta I’m like a few grains of salt next to a mound of salt. Venerable Sāriputta has been commended, complimented, and praised by the Buddha:

§6‘Sāriputta is full of wisdom, ethics, and peace. Even a mendicant who has crossed over might at best equal him.’”

§7And so these two spiritual giants agreed with each others’ fine words.

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does Sāriputta notice about Moggallāna at the start of this discourse?
Correct: A. Prompting Sāriputta's question about what kind of meditation produced it.
Question 2 of 10
How did Moggallāna's Dhamma conversation with the Buddha take place, despite the physical distance between them?
Correct: A. Removing ordinary physical distance from the account entirely.
Question 3 of 10
What question did Moggallāna ask the Buddha during this conversation?
Correct: A. Answered with a vivid, uncompromising formula rather than an abstract definition.
Question 4 of 10
What memorable formula does the Buddha use to define being energetic?
Correct: A. Giving the term concrete, almost visceral content.
Question 5 of 10
What simile does Sāriputta use to describe his own standing compared to Moggallāna?
Correct: A. A distinct image of vast disproportion, chosen specifically for this comparison.
Question 6 of 10
How does Moggallāna support his praise of Sāriputta's wisdom?
Correct: A. Grounding the compliment in external authority rather than personal assessment alone.
Question 7 of 10
Where does this discourse's title, "A Mound of Salt," come from?
Correct: A. Drawn from Moggallāna's closing simile rather than the main narrative event.
Question 8 of 10
Where does the conversation between Sāriputta and Moggallāna take place?
Correct: A. While the psychic conversation described within it involves the Buddha at Sāvatthī.
Question 9 of 10
Who are the two speakers in direct conversation in this discourse?
Correct: A. The saṃyutta's first discourse featuring its two chief disciples speaking directly to each other.
Question 10 of 10
What numbering tag closes this discourse?
Correct: A. The third discourse of this saṃyutta.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0