Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 22.133

With Koṭṭhita

Koṭṭhitasutta — Avijjāvagga

Setting
Varanasi
Speakers
Venerable Sāriputta questioning Venerable Mahākoṭṭhita — the reverse of every prior dialogue in this vagga
Form
Both ignorance and knowledge addressed within a single discourse, using the gratification/drawback/escape triad
Length
Medium — both definitions given in full within one discourse
Northern parallel
Shares its triad with SN 22.129-130 and its combined format with SN 22.126
Difficulty
Moderate — tracking the reversed direction against the familiar content rewards careful attention

Why this discourse

A quiet but significant structural shift: every dialogue so far in this vagga has had Mahākoṭṭhita question Sāriputta, but here Sāriputta questions Koṭṭhita instead — the same familiar gratification/drawback/escape triad, now approached from the opposite direction.

Reading guide

The direction reverses

"Sāriputta said to Mahākoṭṭhita: 'Reverend Koṭṭhita, they speak of this thing called ignorance...'" — where SN 22.127-132 consistently had Koṭṭhita question Sāriputta, here the roles are exchanged, with Sāriputta now posing the question and Koṭṭhita, presumably, answering.

This reversal is easy to miss if the discourses are read quickly, since the content itself (the triad, applied identically to all five aggregates) is unchanged — the shift is entirely in who asks and who is expected to answer.

The same triad, combined into one discourse once more

"An unlearned ordinary person doesn't truly understand the gratification, the drawback, and the escape" for ignorance, then "a learned noble disciple truly understands" the same for knowledge — both given within this single discourse, returning to SN 22.126's combined format rather than SN 22.129-130's split pairing.

Why the direction might reverse here

The vagga's earlier discourses established Koṭṭhita as the questioner and Sāriputta as the one supplying definitions — reversing this here, without changing the content itself, suggests the specific content (which criterion, which aggregate) matters less to this vagga's structure than systematically exhausting every possible combination of roles, criteria, and formats.

Setting up the vagga's final two discourses

This reversed direction continues through SN 22.134 (the five-point formula) and SN 22.135 (the vagga's closing discourse, returning to SN 22.113's own original four-point formula) — the vagga's last three discourses all sharing this same Sāriputta-questions-Koṭṭhita structure.

Key terms

āvuso Koṭṭhita — "Reverend Koṭṭhita" — the form of address marking Sāriputta as the questioner in this reversed dialogue
assāda/ādīnava/nissaraṇa — gratification / drawback / escape — the same triad already used at SN 22.129-130
avijjā — ignorance — the first of the two questions addressed in this discourse
vijjā — knowledge — the second question, addressed within the same discourse rather than a separate companion
Bārāṇasī — Varanasi — this discourse's setting, continuing the location established across this vagga's dialogue discourses

The text

The complete discourse: both the ignorance and knowledge questions, now asked by Sāriputta of Koṭṭhita, using the familiar triad. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Varanasi. Sāriputta said to Mahākoṭṭhita: “Reverend Koṭṭhita, they speak of this thing called ‘ignorance’. What is ignorance? And how is an ignoramus defined?”

§2“Reverend, an unlearned ordinary person doesn’t truly understand the gratification, the drawback, and the escape when it comes to form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness. This is called ignorance. And this is how an ignoramus is defined.”

§3When he said this, Venerable Sāriputta said to him: “Reverend Koṭṭhita, they speak of this thing called ‘knowledge’. What is knowledge? And how is a knowing one defined?”

§4“Reverend, a learned noble disciple truly understands the gratification, the drawback, and the escape when it comes to form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness. This is called knowledge. And this is how a knowing one is defined.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
How does this discourse's questioning direction differ from SN 22.127-132?
Correct: A. Where Koṭṭhita consistently questioned Sāriputta before, the roles are now exchanged.
Question 2 of 10
What triad does this discourse use to define ignorance and knowledge?
Correct: A. The same triad already used at SN 22.129-130.
Question 3 of 10
How does this discourse present ignorance and knowledge, compared to SN 22.129-130?
Correct: A. Returning to the combined format seen at the vagga's opening.
Question 4 of 10
What does this reversal suggest about this vagga's overall structure?
Correct: A. Suggesting a deliberately systematic, comprehensive approach to organizing this vagga's material.
Question 5 of 10
Which discourses continue this same reversed direction?
Correct: A. The vagga's final three discourses all share this Sāriputta-questions-Koṭṭhita structure.
Question 6 of 10
What form of address does Sāriputta use for Koṭṭhita in this discourse?
Correct: A. Marking Sāriputta as the questioner in this reversed exchange.
Question 7 of 10
How many aggregates does this triad apply to?
Correct: A. Form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness, as throughout this vagga.
Question 8 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. Continuing the setting established across this vagga's dialogue discourses.
Question 9 of 10
What formula does the vagga's next discourse, SN 22.134, use?
Correct: A. The same formula already used at SN 22.131-132, now applied with the reversed direction.
Question 10 of 10
What is easy to miss about this discourse if read quickly?
Correct: A. The shift is entirely in who asks and who answers, not in the content presented.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0