Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourses 23.35–45

Eleven Discourses on Māra, Etc.

Māraadidasakasutta — Upanisinnavagga

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing Venerable Rādha directly
Form
The identical instruction structure as SN 23.23-33, without Rādha's own opening request
Length
Long as a single page — eleven discourses merged into one bilara-data file
Northern parallel
The underlying Pali terms are identical to SN 23.23-33; only the English translation's wording and the opening frame differ
Difficulty
Moderate — best read directly alongside SN 23.23-33, whose content this vagga's opening set exactly reproduces

Why this discourse

Opens this saṃyutta's fourth and final vagga (Upanisinnavagga, "Sitting Close," named for the same "seated to one side" formula used throughout this book) with content that is, word for word in the underlying Pali, identical to Upasaggavagga's own opening set — but delivered without any request from Rādha, the Buddha simply speaking once Rādha has taken his seat.

Reading guide

The same eleven terms, confirmed identical in Pali

Comparing this merged file's own Pali root text against SN 23.23-33's own root text confirms they are exact matches, term for term: māro, māradhammo, aniccaṁ, aniccadhammo, dukkhaṁ, dukkhadhammo, anattā, anattadhammo, khayadhammo, vayadhammo, samudayadhammo — the identical eleven-item list in the identical order.

Sujato's own English translation varies its wording slightly between the two vaggas — "of Māra nature" versus "subject to Māra," "of impermanent nature" versus "liable to impermanence" — but these are stylistic choices in rendering the same underlying Pali compounds, not different content.

What genuinely differs: who speaks first

"When Venerable Rādha was seated to one side, the Buddha said to him: 'Rādha, you should give up any desire...'" — unlike SN 23.23's own "may the Buddha please teach me in brief," this vagga's opening discourse has the Buddha initiate the teaching entirely on his own, with no request from Rādha at all.

This mirrors the same distinction already established within Māravagga itself: SN 23.1-3 had Rādha ask, SN 23.4 onward had the Buddha initiate — the same two modes of address, now applied a second time to this saṃyutta's own most-repeated eleven-term catalog.

A fourth recombination, differing only in frame

Where Upasaggavagga's own instruction was prompted by Rādha's explicit "teach me in brief" request, this vagga delivers the identical instruction unprompted — suggesting the content itself is considered valuable enough to be worth teaching whether or not it is specifically requested, closing this saṃyutta's own systematic exploration of how many different frames the same core material can bear.

What remains for this saṃyutta's own final discourse

As with Upasaggavagga, this merged file gives ten of its eleven terms only a single compressed line each; the twelfth and final term, "liable to cease," will receive its own complete, unelided discourse at SN 23.46 — closing not only this vagga but Rādhasaṃyutta itself, whose own colophon confirms the saṃyutta's completion there.

Key terms

Upanisinna — sitting close, sitting nearby — the term giving this vagga its name, drawn from the "seated to one side" formula used throughout this saṃyutta
Āyācana — appeal — the term giving Upasaggavagga its own name, the previous vagga this one closely parallels
Māra/māradhamma/anicca/aniccadhamma/dukkha/dukkhadhamma/anattā/anattadhamma/khaya/vaya/samudaya — the eleven terms this merged file cycles through, confirmed identical in Pali to SN 23.23-33's own catalog
chanda/rāga/chandarāga — desire / greed / desire and greed — the three-part instruction shared with every earlier occurrence of this formula
peyyāla — an elision mark, compressing ten of this file's eleven terms to single lines, exactly as in SN 23.24-33

The text

The complete merged file: the instruction fully elaborated for Māra, and each of the ten remaining terms given in its own compressed line. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1 · SN 23.35At Sāvatthī. When Venerable Rādha was seated to one side, the Buddha said to him: “Rādha, you should give up any desire, any greed, any desire and greed for whatever is Māra. And what is Māra? Form is Māra. You should give up any desire, any greed, any desire and greed for it. … Consciousness is Māra. You should give up any desire, any greed, any desire and greed for it. You should give up any desire, any greed, any desire and greed for whatever is Māra.”

§2 · SN 23.36“You should give up any desire, any greed, any desire and greed for whatever is subject to Māra …”

§3 · SN 23.37“… impermanent …”

§4 · SN 23.38“… liable to impermanence …”

§5 · SN 23.39“… suffering …”

§6 · SN 23.40“… liable to suffering …”

§7 · SN 23.41“… not-self …”

§8 · SN 23.42“… liable to not-self …”

§9 · SN 23.43“… liable to end …”

§10 · SN 23.44“… liable to fall …”

§11 · SN 23.45“… liable to originate …”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
How does this merged file's Pali content compare to SN 23.23-33's own?
Correct: A. Māra, māradhamma, anicca, and the rest, in the identical order.
Question 2 of 10
What does genuinely differ between this vagga's opening and SN 23.23's own?
Correct: A. SN 23.23 opens with Rādha's "teach me in brief" request; this discourse has no such request.
Question 3 of 10
What earlier pattern within Māravagga does this frame-difference mirror?
Correct: A. The same two modes of address, now applied a second time to this saṃyutta's own repeated catalog.
Question 4 of 10
Why might Sujato's English translation vary its wording between this vagga and Upasaggavagga, despite identical Pali?
Correct: A. "Of Māra nature" and "subject to Māra" both render māradhammo.
Question 5 of 10
What does the vagga's own name, Upanisinnavagga ("Sitting Close"), refer to?
Correct: A. Drawn from the same formula opening most of this saṃyutta's discourses.
Question 6 of 10
How many of this file's eleven terms receive full elaboration, versus compressed single lines?
Correct: A. Matching SN 23.23-33's own compression pattern exactly.
Question 7 of 10
What term is missing from this file's eleven, reserved for its own separate closing discourse?
Correct: A. Closing both this vagga and Rādhasaṃyutta itself.
Question 8 of 10
How many aggregates does the instruction apply to, for each term in this catalog?
Correct: A. Form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness.
Question 9 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. Continuing the setting shared by most of this saṃyutta's discourses.
Question 10 of 10
What does delivering this content unprompted, rather than in response to a request, suggest?
Correct: A. Closing this saṃyutta's own exploration of how many frames the same material can bear.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0