Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 23.8

A Perfected One

Arahantasutta — Māravagga

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha, teaching Venerable Rādha directly
Form
A single positive definition, identical in content to SN 22.110
Length
Short — one definition, expanded with the standard arahant formula
Northern parallel
Reuses SN 22.110's own arahant formula
Difficulty
Approachable — best read as the direct completion of SN 23.7

Why this discourse

Completes the stream-enterer-to-arahant progression begun in SN 23.7: the identical five-point understanding, carried all the way through, restated exactly as at SN 22.110 — now the final personal restatement of Antavagga's material before this vagga turns to its own closing pair on desire and greed.

Reading guide

Freed by not grasping, exactly as before

"A mendicant comes to be freed by not grasping after truly understanding these five grasping aggregates' origin, disappearance, gratification, drawback, and escape" — the identical formula as SN 22.110, unaltered in its transfer to Rādha's own saṃyutta.

The Canon's fullest closing formula, unchanged

"With defilements ended, who has completed the spiritual journey, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, achieved their heart's goal, utterly ended the fetter of continued existence, and is rightly freed through enlightenment" — the same cumulative description as SN 22.110, gathering the same multiple images into the same single statement.

A quiet culmination of this vagga's reuse sequence

Having restated SN 22.106 (SN 23.4), SN 22.107-108 (SN 23.5-6), and now SN 22.109-110 (SN 23.7-8), Māravagga has systematically walked Rādha through this book's entire earlier progression from basic definitions through stream-entry to arahantship — a personal recapitulation of Antavagga's own arc.

Turning to the vagga's own closing material

SN 23.9 and SN 23.10, this vagga's final two discourses, will similarly restate SN 22.111-112's own giving-up-desire instructions for Rādha — completing the full reuse of Antavagga's material within this single vagga.

Key terms

arahant — a perfected one — named here by the Canon's fullest standard formula, identical to SN 22.110
anupādā vimutta — freed by not grasping — the precise mechanism this discourse names, unchanged from SN 22.110
bhāranikkhepana — laying down the burden — one of the images gathered into the closing formula
bhavasaṁyojana — the fetter of continued existence — what is utterly ended in the formula's climax
sammadaññā vimutta — rightly freed through enlightenment — the formula's final clause

The text

The complete discourse, identical in content to SN 22.110, now addressed personally to Rādha. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. When Venerable Rādha was seated to one side, the Buddha said to him: “Rādha, there are these five grasping aggregates. What five? The grasping aggregates of form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness.

§2A mendicant comes to be freed by not grasping after truly understanding these five grasping aggregates’ origin, disappearance, gratification, drawback, and escape. Such a mendicant is called a perfected one, with defilements ended, who has completed the spiritual journey, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, achieved their heart’s goal, utterly ended the fetter of continued existence, and is rightly freed through enlightenment.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What earlier discourse does this discourse's content reuse in full?
Correct: A. The identical arahant formula, now for Rādha.
Question 2 of 10
What mechanism does this discourse name for how understanding becomes freedom?
Correct: A. Identical to SN 22.110's own mechanism.
Question 3 of 10
What discourses has this vagga now restated from Antavagga, ending with this one?
Correct: A. A systematic recapitulation of Antavagga's own progression, personally addressed to Rādha.
Question 4 of 10
What is said to be "utterly ended" in the arahant formula's climax?
Correct: A. Bhavasaṁyojana, the fetter binding one to further rebirth.
Question 5 of 10
What comes next in Māravagga after this discourse?
Correct: A. Completing the reuse of Antavagga's material within this vagga.
Question 6 of 10
What five points does the mendicant come to truly understand?
Correct: A. The identical five points named throughout this progression.
Question 7 of 10
How many aggregates does this understanding apply to?
Correct: A. Form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness.
Question 8 of 10
What has the arahant "done," according to the formula?
Correct: A. Standard components of the Canon's arahant formula, identical to SN 22.110.
Question 9 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. Matching SN 23.1-7's own setting.
Question 10 of 10
What subject replaces "noble disciple" in this discourse's definition, compared to SN 23.7?
Correct: A. The same subject shift already seen between SN 22.109 and SN 22.110.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0