Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 28.10

With Sucimukhī

Sucimukhīsutta — Sāriputtavagga

Setting
Rājagaha, the Bamboo Grove
Speakers
The wanderer Sucimukhī questioning Venerable Sāriputta
Form
A riddle-based challenge (four coded questions about eating "facing" different directions), Sāriputta's own point-by-point decoding, and the wanderer's public vindication of him
Length
~3 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — the riddle format is genuinely playful, worth working through before reading Sāriputta's own answer

Why this discourse

Closes Sāriputtasaṃyutta with a completely different kind of discourse: not a report of meditative attainment to Ānanda in Sāvatthī, but a public challenge from the wanderer Sucimukhī in Rājagaha, testing whether Sāriputta's own way of eating alms secretly matches one of four disreputable livelihoods — and his precise, principled answer, which turns a hostile question into a public vindication.

Reading guide

A new city, a new kind of scene

"At one time Venerable Sāriputta was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove... After wandering indiscriminately for almsfood in Rājagaha, he ate his almsfood by a wall" — a genuine narrative shift from the Sāvatthī-based Ānanda scenes of SN 28.1–9, introducing this saṃyutta's only outside challenger.

Four questions, each a coded accusation

"Ascetic, do you eat facing downwards?... facing upwards?... facing the cardinal directions?... facing the intermediate directions?" — Sāriputta answers "no, sister" four times running, without yet knowing (or at least without yet explaining) what any of these odd questions actually mean.

The riddle decoded, each direction a specific wrong livelihood

Pressed to explain, Sāriputta names what each direction secretly refers to: "facing downwards" means earning a living by geomancy (reading the earth), "facing upwards" means astrology (reading the sky), "facing the cardinal directions" means running errands and messages, "facing the intermediate directions" means limb-reading — four specific disreputable trades in Sucimukhī's own world, each condemned as "a low lore, a wrong livelihood."

A simple answer, and a public proclamation

"I don't earn a living by any of these means. I seek alms in a principled manner, and I eat it in a principled manner" — Sucimukhī doesn't merely accept this, she goes street to street through Rājagaha proclaiming it publicly: "the ascetics who follow the Sakyan eat food in a principled manner! Give almsfood to the ascetics who follow the Sakyan!" A hostile riddle becomes, by discourse's end, free publicity from a convert.

Key terms

adhomukha / ummukha / disāmukha / vidisāmukha — facing downwards / upwards / the cardinal directions / the intermediate directions — Sucimukhī's own four coded questions, each naming a specific disreputable livelihood
micchājīva — wrong livelihood — the technical category each of the four coded practices (geomancy, astrology, message-running, limb-reading) falls under
dhammena bhikkhaṁ pariyesāmi, dhammena bhikkhaṁ bhuñjāmi — "I seek alms in a principled manner, and I eat it in a principled manner" — Sāriputta's own direct, unadorned answer
Sucimukhī — the wanderer (paribbājikā) who challenges Sāriputta, later proclaiming his blamelessness publicly through Rājagaha
sakyaputtiyā samaṇā — "the ascetics who follow the Sakyan" — Sucimukhī's own public phrase for the Buddhist mendicants, in her street-by-street proclamation

The text

The complete discourse: Sucimukhī's fourfold riddle, Sāriputta's own decoding and answer, and her public proclamation through Rājagaha, closing with the saṃyutta's own translated colophon. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time Venerable Sāriputta was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. Then he robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Rājagaha for alms. After wandering indiscriminately for almsfood in Rājagaha, he ate his almsfood by a wall. Then the wanderer Sucimukhī went up to Venerable Sāriputta and said to him:

§2“Ascetic, do you eat facing downwards?” “No, sister.” “Well then, do you eat facing upwards?” “No, sister.” “Well then, do you eat facing the cardinal directions?” “No, sister.” “Well then, do you eat facing the intermediate directions?” “No, sister.”

§3“When asked if you eat facing all these directions, you answer ‘no, sister’.

§4How then do you eat, ascetic?” “Sister, those ascetics and brahmins who earn a living by geomancy—a low lore, a wrong livelihood—are said to eat facing downwards. Those ascetics and brahmins who earn a living by astrology—a low lore, a wrong livelihood—are said to eat facing upwards. Those ascetics and brahmins who earn a living by running errands and messages—a wrong livelihood—are said to eat facing the cardinal directions. Those ascetics and brahmins who earn a living by limb-reading—a low lore, a wrong livelihood—are said to eat facing the intermediate directions.

§5I don’t earn a living by any of these means. I seek alms in a principled manner, and I eat it in a principled manner.”

§6Then Sucimukhī the wanderer went around Rājagaha from street to street and from square to square, and announced: “The ascetics who follow the Sakyan eat food in a principled manner! The ascetics who follow the Sakyan eat food blamelessly! Give almsfood to the ascetics who follow the Sakyan!”

§7The Linked Discourses on Sāriputta are complete.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
Where is this discourse set, unlike SN 28.1–9's own Sāvatthī scenes?
Correct: A. A genuine narrative shift, introducing this saṃyutta's only outside challenger.
Question 2 of 10
What four questions does Sucimukhī ask Sāriputta?
Correct: A. Four coded questions, each secretly naming a disreputable livelihood.
Question 3 of 10
What does "eating facing downwards" secretly refer to?
Correct: A. The first of four specific wrong livelihoods Sāriputta decodes.
Question 4 of 10
What does Sāriputta answer to all four of Sucimukhī's initial questions?
Correct: A. Without yet explaining what the questions actually mean.
Question 5 of 10
How does Sāriputta finally describe his own way of eating alms?
Correct: A. A simple, direct answer closing the riddle.
Question 6 of 10
What does Sucimukhī do after receiving this answer?
Correct: A. A hostile riddle becomes free publicity from a convert.
Question 7 of 10
What technical category do all four of the coded livelihoods fall under?
Correct: A. Each specifically condemned as "a low lore, a wrong livelihood."
Question 8 of 10
What phrase does Sucimukhī use publicly for the Buddhist mendicants in her proclamation?
Correct: A. Repeated street to street through Rājagaha.
Question 9 of 10
What colophon closes this discourse and the entire saṃyutta?
Correct: A. Translated by Sujato, confirming this saṃyutta's official name and full completion.
Question 10 of 10
How does this discourse's tone compare to SN 28.1–9's own?
Correct: A. Closing this saṃyutta with a different register — public challenge and vindication rather than private meditative report.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0