Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 3.7

Judgment

Atthakaraṇasutta

Setting
At Sāvatthī; no further narrative detail given
Speakers
King Pasenadi of Kosala, reporting his own courtroom observation, and the Buddha
Form
A first-person reported observation, a fuller confirmation than usual, and a closing simile-verse shared with SN 3.6
Length
~1.5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — grounded in the king's actual duties, not private philosophical reflection

Why this discourse

Unlike SN 3.4 through SN 3.6's private reflections, this discourse reports something Pasenadi has directly witnessed in his official capacity: sitting in judgment, he sees wealthy aristocrats, brahmins, and householders tell deliberate lies for the sake of sensual pleasure, and resolves that his dearest will now be known by the judgments he makes rather than by wealth or status. The Buddha confirms this observation at unusual length, naming it a cause of lasting harm, before closing with a verse on fish swiftly snared, sharing its refrain with SN 3.6's deer.

Reading guide

Direct observation, not private reflection

This discourse breaks the pattern of SN 3.4 through SN 3.6: rather than a philosophical reflection worked out in solitude, Pasenadi reports something he has actually witnessed while performing one of his core royal duties, presiding over legal judgment.

A king resolving to change how he judges his own favorites

The king's conclusion is personal and practical, not abstract: ‘enough with passing judgment today’, he decides, resolving that from now on his own dearest will be known by the quality of the judgments they make, not by rank or closeness to him — a resolution about how he himself will evaluate people going forward.

A fuller confirmation than this trilogy's earlier discourses

Where SN 3.4 through SN 3.6 confirm the king briefly before moving to an elided repeat, the Buddha's reply here restates the substance of the observation directly — naming lying for sensual pleasure a cause of ‘lasting harm and suffering’ — without the elision pattern used in the three discourses immediately preceding it.

Fish swiftly snared, echoing SN 3.6's deer

The closing verse repeats SN 3.6's opening two lines and closing couplet nearly exactly, changing only the central image: fish ‘swiftly snared’ in place of deer caught in a trap, confirming the reading guide's earlier observation that this pairing of refrain and animal image functioned as a reusable unit.

Wealth and status as no guarantee of honesty

The specific detail that it is the wealthy — those with ‘lots of gold and silver’ — who lie for sensual pleasure in the king's account complicates any assumption that material security alone produces honest conduct, consistent with this saṃyutta's recurring skepticism toward wealth as a moral safeguard.

Key terms

atthakaraṇa — “judgment, legal case” — the royal duty Pasenadi is performing when he makes the observation this discourse reports.
sampajānamusā — “deliberate lies” — what the king observes wealthy litigants telling for the sake of sensual pleasure.
dīgharattaṁ ahitāya dukkhāya — “for their lasting harm and suffering” — the Buddha's own characterization of this conduct's consequence.
macchā yathā vāguriyā yathā baddhā — “like fish swiftly snared” — the closing verse's central image, replacing SN 3.6's deer while keeping the same refrain.
piya — “dearest” — the king's own term for whom he resolves to now judge by the quality of their judgments, not by rank.

The text

The discourse in full: the king's courtroom observation, the Buddha's confirmation, and the closing verse shared with SN 3.6. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. Seated to one side, King Pasenadi said to the Buddha, “Sir, when I’m sitting in court I see well-to-do aristocrats, brahmins, and householders—rich, affluent, and wealthy, with lots of gold and silver, lots of property and assets, and lots of money and grain. But they tell deliberate lies for the sake of sensual pleasures. Then it occurred to me: ‘Enough with passing judgment today. Now my dearest will be known by the judgments he makes.’”

§2“That’s so true, great king! That’s so true! Those who are well-to-do aristocrats, brahmins, and householders tell deliberate lies for the sake of sensual pleasures. That is for their lasting harm and suffering.” That is what the Buddha said. …

§3“Full of desire for possessions and pleasures, greedy, infatuated by sensual pleasures; they don’t notice that they’ve gone too far, like fish swiftly snared. It’ll be bitter later on; for the result will be bad for them.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
How does this discourse's opening differ from SN 3.4 through SN 3.6?
Correct: A. Breaking the pattern of private philosophical reflection used in the three preceding discourses.
Question 2 of 10
What does Pasenadi observe while presiding over court?
Correct: A. The specific observation this discourse reports.
Question 3 of 10
What does the king resolve to do differently going forward?
Correct: A. A personal, practical resolution about how he himself will evaluate people.
Question 4 of 10
How does the Buddha's confirmation here compare to SN 3.4-3.6's?
Correct: A. Naming the conduct's consequence directly, without the elision used in the three preceding discourses.
Question 5 of 10
What does the Buddha call this deliberate lying a cause of?
Correct: A. The Buddha's own characterization, stated directly in his reply.
Question 6 of 10
What image does this discourse's closing verse use, and what does it share with SN 3.6?
Correct: A. Confirming the reading guide's observation that this refrain-and-image pairing was reused.
Question 7 of 10
What detail complicates the assumption that wealth guarantees honest conduct?
Correct: A. Consistent with this saṃyutta's recurring skepticism toward wealth as a moral safeguard.
Question 8 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. A bare setting note, consistent with several discourses in this collection.
Question 9 of 10
What royal duty is Pasenadi performing when he makes this observation?
Correct: A. The context (atthakaraṇa) that gives this discourse its title.
Question 10 of 10
What term does the king use for whom he will now judge by their judgments?
Correct: A. A personal resolution about how he evaluates those closest to him.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0