Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 35.124

At Vesālī

Vesālīsutta — Gahapativagga

Setting
Vesālī, at the Great Wood, in the hall with the peaked roof (Kūṭāgārasālā)
Speakers
The Buddha and the householder Ugga of Vesālī
Form
A full catechism, run twice — bound, then freed — across all six sense doors, with sound, smell, taste, and touch folded into a single ellipsis but the eye and the mind spelled out in full
Length
~1–2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a familiar catechism in an unfamiliar collection

Why this discourse

This discourse opens Gahapativagga, this book's own thirteenth vagga — and, after twelve vaggas each built around a single distinct structural device (a matrix, a paired title, a diagnostic formula, a purely independent anthology of named narratives), this one turns out to be something new again: a loose collection unified only by its own title, “Householders,” not by any shared logical shape. Ten episodes follow, with different visitors, different settings, and (unusually for this book) genuinely different questions. This first discourse gives the vagga's single most-repeated element in full: the catechism asking what causes some beings to reach full extinguishment in this very life and others not to. Four more discourses ahead reuse this exact question — three of them (SN 35.125, 126, 128) as bare cross-references back to a fuller telling, and one (SN 35.131) restating it in full a second time.

Reading guide

The catechism itself

The mechanism is this book's oldest: a mendicant who approves, welcomes, and keeps clinging to a likable, desirable sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, or idea has consciousness dependent on it as fuel for grasping, and does not become extinguished. A mendicant who does not approve, welcome, or cling has no such dependency, and does become extinguished. Both halves are given in full here, run across the eye, then a single ellipsis standing in for the ear, nose, tongue, and body, then the mind.

An anthology vagga, not a formula matrix

Every one of the past twelve vaggas in this saṃyutta was organized around one shape — a matrix of combinations, a pair of companion titles, a diagnostic formula applied identically ten times over. Gahapativagga has no single shape at all. Its ten discourses share a cast of recurring devices (this catechism, a second question about the “diversity of elements,” and three fully independent narrative episodes) without any one logic governing the whole collection — a genuinely new, fourteenth structure for this book.

This vagga's own most-repeated template

This exact question and catechism recurs, in whole or in bare cross-reference, at four more discourses ahead: SN 35.125 and SN 35.126 both point back for their full wording (one to “the previous discourse,” the other explicitly to this one), SN 35.128 points instead to an already-published discourse in a different vagga entirely, and SN 35.131 restates the full catechism a second time, unabbreviated.

A named lay questioner opens the vagga

Ugga of Vesālī is simply named as the questioner here, with no further biographical claim made by this reading guide — the discourse itself gives only his name and city. He is the first of several householders and other lay figures who open this vagga's individual episodes, none of them elaborated on beyond what the text itself states.

Key terms

gahapati — “householder” — the term giving this vagga its own name, and the first of several different lay and non-monastic figures who appear across its ten discourses
diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyanti — fully extinguished in this very life — the catechism's own key phrase, asked and answered in both directions
abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati — approves, welcomes, and keeps clinging to — the three-part verb chain determining whether an object becomes fuel for grasping
upādāniyaṃ...anupādāno — fuel for grasping...free of grasping — the two conditions this catechism sets against each other, unchanged from this book's very first vagga
tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti — consciousness has that as its support — the dependency link joining clinging to non-extinguishment

The text

The complete discourse: the not-extinguished condition, then the extinguished condition, each run across the eye, the four senses folded into a single ellipsis, and the mind. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time the Buddha was staying near Vesālī, at the Great Wood, in the hall with the peaked roof. Then the householder Ugga of Vesālī went up to the Buddha, sat down to one side, and said to him: “What is the cause, sir, what is the reason why some sentient beings are not fully extinguished in this very life? What is the cause, sir, what is the reason why some sentient beings are fully extinguished in this very life?”

§2“Householder, there are sights known by the eye, which are likable, desirable, agreeable, pleasant, sensual, and arousing. If a mendicant approves, welcomes, and keeps clinging to them, their consciousness has that as support and fuel for grasping. A mendicant with fuel for grasping does not become extinguished. There are sounds … smells … tastes … touches … ideas known by the mind, which are likable, desirable, agreeable, pleasant, sensual, and arousing. If a mendicant approves, welcomes, and keeps clinging to them, their consciousness has that as support and fuel for grasping. A mendicant with fuel for grasping does not become extinguished. That’s the cause, that’s the reason why some sentient beings are not fully extinguished in this very life.

§3There are sights known by the eye, which are likable, desirable, agreeable, pleasant, sensual, and arousing. If a mendicant doesn’t approve, welcome, and keep clinging to them, their consciousness doesn’t have that as support and fuel for grasping. A mendicant free of grasping becomes extinguished. There are sounds … smells … tastes … touches … ideas known by the mind, which are likable, desirable, agreeable, pleasant, sensual, and arousing. If a mendicant doesn’t approve, welcome, and keep clinging to them, their consciousness doesn’t have that as support and fuel for grasping. A mendicant free of grasping becomes extinguished. That’s the cause, that’s the reason why some sentient beings are fully extinguished in this very life.”

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Self-check quiz

5 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 5
What question does the householder Ugga of Vesālī ask the Buddha in this discourse?
Correct: A. The catechism this vagga returns to four more times, in whole or by cross-reference.
Question 2 of 5
According to the Buddha's answer, what makes a mendicant's consciousness dependent on a sense object as fuel for grasping?
Correct: A. The three-part verb chain — abhinandati, abhivadati, ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati.
Question 3 of 5
How does this discourse treat the sense doors, compared to a fully spelled-out declaration?
Correct: A. The book's standard shorthand for the four remaining senses.
Question 4 of 5
What makes Gahapativagga, this vagga, structurally different from all twelve vaggas before it in this saṃyutta?
Correct: A. Each earlier vagga was built on one structural device; this one gathers several without a single governing logic.
Question 5 of 5
How many more discourses ahead in this vagga reuse this exact catechism, in whole or by cross-reference?
Correct: A. Three point back for their full wording, and one restates it in full a second time.
Answered 0 of 5 · Correct 0