Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 35.234

With Udāyī

Udāyīsutta — Samuddavagga

Setting
Near Kosambī, in Ghosita's Monastery
Speakers
The venerable Udāyī, asking, and Ānanda, answering
Form
A question extending an already-established not-self argument to consciousness, answered through dependent origination and closed with a simile
Length
~3 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★★☆ — a genuinely subtle argument, worth reading twice

Why this discourse

Udāyī poses a question to Ānanda at Ghosita's Monastery: the Buddha has explained, in many ways, how the body is not-self — can consciousness be explained the same way? Ānanda answers yes, but not by repeating the body's own argument (typically an appeal to impermanence); instead he reasons through dependent origination directly. Eye consciousness arises dependent on the eye and sights; if the cause and condition giving rise to it were to totally and utterly cease, would eye consciousness still be found? No. That itself, Ānanda says, is a way to understand how consciousness is not-self — run the same way for ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind consciousness. Ānanda then closes with a simile this project has already published on this site, applied there to a different aggregate entirely: someone searching for heartwood cuts down a banana trunk, cuts off its base and top, unrolls its coiled sheaths — and finds no sapwood, much less heartwood. So too a mendicant sees the six fields of contact as neither self nor belonging to self.

Reading guide

Not-self by causation, not by impermanence directly

Ānanda's argument does not simply repeat “consciousness is impermanent, therefore not-self” — it reasons through dependent arising: consciousness depends on a cause and condition; if that cause and condition were to cease totally and without remainder, consciousness would not be found; therefore consciousness, being conditioned and dependent, is not-self.

The same question, six times, compressed

The dependent-origination argument is run explicitly for eye consciousness and mind consciousness, with ear, nose, tongue, and body consciousness compressed between them by bilara-data's own peyyāla marker — the identical eye…tongue…mind compression pattern this vagga's own SN 35.228 already used.

A simile already published on this site, for a different aggregate

The banana-trunk-with-no-heartwood simile closing this discourse is not new to this project: SN 22.95, already on this site, uses the identical image — word for word, down to cutting the base, cutting the top, and unrolling the coiled sheaths — but applies it there to saṅkhāra (choices, formations), one of five similes given in sequence for the five aggregates. Here the same simile stands alone, applied instead to the six fields of contact directly, in a dialogue rather than a catalog.

Not grasping, not anxious, personally extinguished

The discourse's own closing sequence — seeing the six fields of contact as neither self nor belonging to self, therefore grasping nothing in the world, therefore free of anxiety, therefore personally extinguished — ends on the standard closing formula for full awakening, identical in form to countless other closings across this project.

Key terms

kāyo…anattā — the body…not-self — Udāyī's own starting point, an argument the Buddha has already made “in many ways” before this discourse opens
cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṁ — “eye consciousness arises dependent on the eye and sights” — Ānanda's own opening premise for the dependent-origination argument, run for all six kinds of consciousness
yo hetu, yo paccayo…sabbena sabbaṁ sabbathā sabbaṁ aparisesaṁ nirujjheyya — “if the cause and reason…were to totally and utterly cease without remainder” — the counterfactual test at the center of Ānanda's argument for consciousness's own not-self status
sāratthiko sāragavesī…kadalikkhandhaṁ…pheggumpi nādhigaccheyya, kuto sāraṁ — one in need of heartwood, cutting down a banana trunk…finding not even sapwood, much less heartwood — the identical simile already published on this site at SN 22.95, there applied to choices rather than to the six fields of contact
chasu phassāyatanesu nevattānaṁ na attaniyaṁ samanupassati — “sees these six fields of contact as neither self nor belonging to self” — the discourse's own application of the simile, leading directly to the closing liberation formula

The text

The complete discourse: Udāyī's question, Ānanda's dependent-origination argument for consciousness, and the banana-trunk simile closing on full awakening. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time the venerables Ānanda and Udāyī were staying near Kosambī, in Ghosita’s Monastery. Then in the late afternoon, Venerable Udāyī came out of retreat, went to Venerable Ānanda, and exchanged greetings with him. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to Ānanda: “Reverend Ānanda, the Buddha has explained, opened, and illuminated in many ways how this body is not-self. Is it possible to explain consciousness in the same way? To teach, assert, establish, clarify, analyze, and reveal how consciousness is not-self?”

§2“It is possible, Reverend Udāyī.

§3Does eye consciousness arise dependent on the eye and sights?” “Yes, reverend.” “If the cause and reason that gives rise to eye consciousness were to totally and utterly cease without remainder, would eye consciousness still be found?” “No, reverend.” “In this way, too, it can be understood how consciousness is not-self. Does ear … nose … tongue … body … mind consciousness arise dependent on the mind and ideas?” “Yes, reverend.” “If the cause and reason that gives rise to mind consciousness were to totally and utterly cease without remainder, would mind consciousness still be found?” “No, reverend.” “In this way, too, it can be understood how consciousness is not-self.

§4Suppose there was a person in need of heartwood. Wandering in search of heartwood, they’d take a sharp axe and enter a forest. There they’d see a big banana trunk, straight and young and grown unskewed. They’d cut it down at the base, cut off the root, cut off the top, and unroll the coiled sheaths. But they wouldn’t even find sapwood, much less heartwood. In the same way, a mendicant sees these six fields of contact as neither self nor belonging to self. So seeing, they don’t grasp anything in the world. Not grasping, they’re not anxious. Not being anxious, they personally become extinguished. They understand: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.’”

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Self-check quiz

5 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 5
What question does Udāyī put to Ānanda, extending an argument the Buddha has already made about the body?
Correct: A. "Is it possible to explain consciousness in the same way? ...how consciousness is not-self?"
Question 2 of 5
What kind of argument does Ānanda use to establish that consciousness is not-self, rather than simply repeating an appeal to impermanence?
Correct: A. Ānanda reasons through dependent arising directly: consciousness depends on cause and condition, so it cannot be self.
Question 3 of 5
Where has this project already published the identical banana-trunk-with-no-heartwood simile that closes this discourse?
Correct: A. SN 22.95 uses the identical image, word for word, but applies it there to saṅkhāra within a catalog of five aggregate similes.
Question 4 of 5
How does this discourse apply the banana-trunk simile differently from SN 22.95?
Correct: A. Here the simile stands alone, applied to the six fields of contact, rather than one entry in SN 22.95's own sequence of five.
Question 5 of 5
What sequence closes this discourse, following the application of the simile?
Correct: A. "They don't grasp anything in the world. Not grasping, they're not anxious. Not being anxious, they personally become extinguished."
Answered 0 of 5 · Correct 0