Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 35.4

The Exterior as Impermanent

Bāhirāniccasutta — Aniccavagga

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha addressing the mendicants
Form
The identical three-step chain and closing liberation formula as SN 35.1, now applied to the six exterior sense objects
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — straightforward once SN 35.1's own chain is clear

Why this discourse

This discourse opens this vagga's own second three-term cycle, given in full like SN 35.1 rather than compressed like SN 35.2–3: the six exterior sense objects (sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, ideas) receive the identical impermanent-therefore-suffering-therefore-not-self chain and the identical closing liberation formula, confirming that SN 35.1's own template applies equally to what the senses perceive, not only to the sensing faculties themselves.

Reading guide

The exterior sense objects, given in full

"Sights are impermanent … sounds, smells, tastes, touches, and ideas are impermanent" — the identical three-step chain as SN 35.1, now applied to what the six interior faculties perceive rather than the faculties themselves.

A deliberate return to full treatment

Unlike SN 35.2–3's own compressed shape, this discourse restates the full chain and full closing formula — confirming this vagga's own pattern of giving each new domain (interior first, exterior now) its own full opening discourse before compressing the two remaining terms.

Six objects, not six faculties

Rūpa ("sights"), sadda ("sounds"), gandha ("smells"), rasa ("tastes"), phoṭṭhabba ("touches"), and dhamma ("ideas" or "mental objects") together comprise the six exterior sense fields, paired one-to-one with the six interior faculties already covered at SN 35.1–3.

Opening this vagga's own second three-discourse cycle

SN 35.5–6 will complete this exterior cycle with suffering and not-self, compressed in the identical manner as SN 35.2–3, before the three-times dimension begins at SN 35.7.

Key terms

rūpa — sights, or visible forms — the first of the six exterior sense objects named here
dhamma — ideas, or mental objects — the sixth and final exterior sense object, paired with the mind (mano) among the interior faculties
bāhira — exterior — this discourse's own domain, opening this vagga's own second three-term cycle
ajjhatta — interior — the six sense faculties already covered at SN 35.1–3, this discourse's own counterpart
anicca — impermanent — the first link in this discourse's own three-step chain, restated in full

The text

The complete discourse: the six exterior sense objects declared impermanent, and the full closing liberation formula. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“Mendicants, sights are impermanent. What’s impermanent is suffering. What’s suffering is not-self. And what’s not-self should be truly seen with right understanding like this: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’ Sounds, smells, tastes, touches, and ideas are impermanent. What’s impermanent is suffering. What’s suffering is not-self. And what’s not-self should be truly seen with right understanding like this: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’ Seeing this, a learned noble disciple grows disillusioned with sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, and ideas. Being disillusioned, desire fades away. When desire fades away they’re freed. When they’re freed, they know they’re freed. They understand: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.’”

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Self-check quiz

5 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 5
What six things does this discourse declare impermanent?
Correct: A. What the six interior faculties perceive, not the faculties themselves.
Question 2 of 5
How does this discourse's treatment compare to SN 35.2's and SN 35.3's own compressed shape?
Correct: A. Each new domain (interior, then exterior) receives its own full opening discourse.
Question 3 of 5
What is dhamma, the sixth exterior sense object named here?
Correct: A. The sixth and final exterior sense object, mirroring mano (mind) among the interior faculties.
Question 4 of 5
What does this discourse open?
Correct: A. SN 35.5–6 will complete it with suffering and not-self, compressed as before.
Question 5 of 5
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. Consistent with this saṃyutta's other discourses.
Answered 0 of 5 · Correct 0