Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 37.31

Cause

Hetusutta — Balavagga

Setting
Not restated in this discourse
Speakers
The Buddha addressing the mendicants
Form
A direct denial paired with a direct affirmation, naming a single cause of rebirth
Length
~1 minute to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★☆☆☆☆ — a short, direct statement extending SN 37.30's own decisive-variable claim to rebirth specifically

Why this discourse

Where SN 37.30 named ethical behavior as decisive for family acceptance in this life, this discourse extends the same logic to what follows death: it is not because of attractiveness, wealth, relatives, or children, this discourse states outright, that ladies are reborn in a good place after death, but because of ethical behavior alone. The shortest and most direct statement in Balavagga of a claim this vagga has now made three times in three different registers (family acceptance, self-assurance, and now rebirth).

Reading guide

A direct denial of four powers at once

The discourse names attractiveness, wealth, relatives, and children together in a single negated clause, denying all four as causes of good rebirth in one sentence rather than addressing each separately.

One cause, stated affirmatively

The matching positive clause names ethical behavior alone as the actual cause — not one cause among several, but the specific cause this discourse isolates to the exclusion of the other four.

The same claim, a third register

Family acceptance (SN 37.30), self-assurance (implicit throughout SN 37.25–27's own framing), and now rebirth: this vagga returns to ethical behavior's decisive role in three distinct contexts, each stated independently rather than derived from the others.

Key terms

na... rūpabalahetu vā bhogabalahetu vā ñātibalahetu vā puttabalahetu vā — “not because of the power of attractiveness, wealth, relatives, or children” — the discourse's own fourfold denial, stated in a single clause
sīlabalahetu... sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati — “because of the power of ethical behavior... reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm” — the matching affirmative clause naming the sole cause
bhikkhave — “mendicants” — the Buddha's own address term, opening this discourse and every other discourse in this vagga
mātugāmo — “a lady” — this saṃyutta's own recurring subject term, already glossed at SN 37.25
sattamaṁ — “seventh” — this discourse's own untranslated closing ordinal

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“Mendicants, there are these five powers of a lady. What five? Attractiveness, wealth, relatives, children, and ethical behavior. It is not because of the powers of attractiveness, wealth, relatives, or children that ladies, when their body breaks up, after death, are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. It is because of the power of ethical behavior that ladies, when their body breaks up, after death, are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. These are the five powers of a lady.”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What does this discourse name as the actual cause of a good rebirth for ladies?
Correct: A. Named to the explicit exclusion of the other four powers.
Question 2 of 3
How many of the five powers does this discourse deny as causes of good rebirth?
Correct: A. A single negated clause naming four powers at once, distinct from ethical behavior.
Question 3 of 3
In how many different registers has Balavagga now applied ethical behavior's decisive role?
Correct: A. Each context stated independently rather than derived from the others.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0