Reading guide
A return to the beginning, with an admission attached
This discourse's Uruvelā setting deliberately recalls SN 4.1, this saṃyutta's opening confrontation at the same location; unlike that discourse's confident taunt, this one opens by stating outright, before any exchange begins, that seven years of pursuit have already failed.
Verses recycled, not merely echoed
The middle exchange — Māra's claim about things called ‘mine’, the Buddha's reply that Māra ‘won't even see the path I take’ — is not a variation but a direct repetition of SN 4.19's own verses, this discourse explicitly drawing on the saṃyutta's own accumulated history rather than staging a fresh confrontation.
A challenge about teaching others, unique to this exchange
Māra's question — if you've found a path safe and leading past death, why not walk it alone rather than teach it? — is new to this discourse, probing whether the Buddha's compassion for others might itself be a vulnerability, answered by the image of those crossing to the far shore asking what lies beyond death's domain.
A crab stripped of every claw
Māra's own extended simile, addressed directly and sincerely to the Buddha rather than as a taunt, describes children pulling a crab from a pond and breaking off each claw in turn until it can no longer return to the water — mapping his own repeatedly foiled attempts onto an image of complete, permanent disablement.
A crow that finds nothing tasty
The closing simile shifts from disablement to simple disappointment: a crow circles a stone shaped like fat, hoping for something tender, and finds nothing, leaving — Māra's own chosen image for his seven years of fruitless pursuit, delivered not as anger but as resignation.
Key terms
The text
§1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying in Uruvelā at the goatherd’s banyan tree on the bank of the Nerañjarā River. Now at that time Māra the Wicked had been pursuing the Buddha for seven years hoping to find a vulnerability without success. Then Māra the Wicked went up to the Buddha and addressed him in verse:
§2“Are you swamped by sorrow that you meditate in the forest? Have you lost a fortune, or do you long for one? Or perhaps you’ve committed some crime in the village? Why don’t you get too close to people? And why does no-one get close to you?”
§3“I’ve dug out the root of sorrow completely. I practice absorption free of guilt or sorrow. I’ve cut off all greed and muttered prayer for future lives. Undefiled, I practice absorption, O kinsman of the negligent!”
§4“The things they call ‘mine’, and those who say ‘it’s mine’: if your mind remains there, you won’t escape me, ascetic!”
§5“The things they speak of aren’t mine; I’m not someone who speaks like that. So know this, Wicked One: you won’t even see the path I take.”
§6“If you’ve discovered the path that’s safe, and leads to freedom from death, go and walk that path alone—why teach it to anyone else?”
§7“Those crossing to the far shore ask what’s beyond the domain of Death. When I’m asked, I explain to them the truth without attachments.”
§8“Sir, suppose there was a lotus pond not far from a town or village, and a crab lived there. Then several boys or girls would leave the town or village and go to the pond, where they’d pull out the crab and put it on solid ground. Whenever that crab extended a claw, those boys or girls would snap, crack, and break it off with a stick or a stone. And when that crab’s claws had all been snapped, cracked, and broken off it wouldn’t be able to return down into that lotus pond. In the same way, sir, the Buddha has snapped, cracked, and broken off all my twists, ducks, and dodges. Now I’m not able to approach the Buddha again in hopes of finding a vulnerability.” Then Māra the Wicked recited these verses of disappointment in the Buddha’s presence:
§9“A crow once circled a stone that looked like a lump of fat. ‘Perhaps I’ll find something tender,’ it thought, ‘perhaps there’s something tasty.’ But finding nothing tasty, the crow left that place. Like the crow that pecked the stone, I leave Gotama disappointed.”
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