Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 46.14

Sick (1st)

Paṭhamagilānasutta — Gilānavagga

Setting
Rājagaha, the Bamboo Grove; Mahākassapa in the Pipphali Cave
Speakers
The Buddha, visiting the gravely ill Venerable Mahākassapa
Form
A narrative visit, a health inquiry, a recitation of the seven awakening factors, and a recovery
Length
1-2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a narrative discourse, historically among the canon's own most devotionally significant

Why this discourse

The Buddha visits Venerable Mahākassapa, gravely ill in the Pipphali Cave, and simply recites the seven awakening factors by name — and Mahākassapa recovers. This discourse (together with its own two companions, SN 46.15 and 46.16) is the historical basis for the Bojjhaṅga Paritta, still chanted at the bedside of the sick in Theravada countries today — a well-documented living practice noted here as established background, not a claim this project verifies or explains further.

Reading guide

A recitation, not a treatment

What the Buddha offers Mahākassapa is not medicine or physical care but a simple naming of the seven awakening factors, described as things “rightly explained” that “lead to direct knowledge, to awakening, and to extinguishment” — Mahākassapa's own enthusiastic double confirmation (“indeed... indeed, these are awakening factors!”) precedes his own recovery, confirmed by the discourse's own closing line as the direct outcome.

A practice with a documented afterlife

This discourse, alongside SN 46.15 and 46.16, forms the textual root of the Bojjhaṅga Paritta (“awakening factors protective verses”), a chant still recited for the sick in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and other Theravada Buddhist countries — a well-established devotional tradition this reading guide notes as background context, without claiming to verify or further elaborate on its own historical development.

Key terms

āyasmā mahākassapo — “Venerable Mahākassapa” — a senior disciple renowned for ascetic discipline, gravely ill in this discourse's own opening
gilāno dukkhito bāḷhagilāno — “sick, suffering, gravely ill” — the standard formula describing Mahākassapa's own condition
sammadakkhātā — “rightly explained” — how the Buddha describes the seven awakening factors he is about to recite
abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattanti — “lead to direct knowledge, to awakening, and to extinguishment” — the stated effect of developing and cultivating the seven awakening factors
taggha bhagavā bojjhaṅgā... taggha sugata bojjhaṅgā — “indeed, Blessed One, these are awakening factors! Indeed, Holy One, these are awakening factors!” — Mahākassapa's own enthusiastic double confirmation, immediately preceding his own recovery

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1 — the visitAt one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. Now at that time Venerable Mahākassapa was staying in the Pipphali cave, and he was sick, suffering, gravely ill. Then in the late afternoon, the Buddha came out of retreat, went to Venerable Mahākassapa, sat down on the seat spread out, and said to him:

§2 — the health inquiry“I hope you’re keeping well, Kassapa; I hope you’re all right. And I hope the pain is fading, not growing, that its fading is evident, not its growing.” “Sir, I’m not keeping well, I’m not getting by. The pain is terrible and growing, not fading; its growing is evident, not its fading.”

§3 — the recitation and confirmation“Kassapa, I’ve rightly explained these seven awakening factors. When developed and cultivated, they lead to direct knowledge, to awakening, and to extinguishment. What seven? The awakening factors of mindfulness, investigation of principles, energy, rapture, tranquility, immersion, and equanimity. These are the seven awakening factors that I’ve rightly explained. When developed and cultivated, they lead to direct knowledge, to awakening, and to extinguishment.” “Indeed, Blessed One, these are awakening factors! Indeed, Holy One, these are awakening factors!”

§4 — the recoveryThat is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, Venerable Mahākassapa approved what the Buddha said. And that’s how he recovered from that illness.

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What does the Buddha offer Mahākassapa in this discourse, rather than medicine or physical treatment?
Correct: A. The recitation itself, together with Mahākassapa's own enthusiastic confirmation, precedes his recovery.
Question 2 of 3
What documented living tradition traces its own textual root to this discourse and its two companions?
Correct: A. A well-established devotional practice noted here as background, not independently verified by this project.
Question 3 of 3
What happens immediately after Mahākassapa's own double confirmation, according to the discourse's own closing line?
Correct: A. "And that's how he recovered from that illness" — the discourse's own explicit closing claim.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0