Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 46.3

Ethics

Sīlasutta — Pabbatavagga

Setting
Continuing directly from SN 46.2
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly
Form
A causal chain running from encountering virtue through all seven awakening factors to seven possible fruits
Length
3-4 minutes to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — traces a complete causal sequence culminating in a technical list of awakening stages

Why this discourse

Even the sight, or the mere hearing, of a mendicant accomplished in ethics, immersion, knowledge, freedom, or the knowledge and vision of freedom is called helpful — because it can set in motion a precise causal sequence, each awakening factor arising as the natural consequence of the one before it, culminating in seven possible fruits ranging from full awakening in this very life to specific grades of non-return.

Reading guide

A precise causal chain, not a mere list

Unlike SN 46.1's own simile or SN 46.2's own paired fuel-lists, this discourse traces an unbroken causal sequence: hearing the teaching of an accomplished mendicant leads to living withdrawn in body and mind, which initiates mindfulness; mindful investigation leads to energy; energy leads to rapture; rapture leads to bodily and mental tranquility; tranquility leads to bliss and immersion; and immersion is watched over with equanimity — each step named as the direct condition for the next, confirmed by close reading of the discourse's own connective language.

Seven fruits, a technical map of the non-returner's own paths

The discourse closes by naming seven possible outcomes of developing the seven awakening factors in this way: full enlightenment in this very life, or at the time of death, or (with the five lower fetters ended) one of five distinct grades of becoming a non-returner (extinguished between one life and the next, upon landing, without extra effort, with extra effort, or heading upstream to the Akaniṭṭha realm) — a well-known technical classification this reading guide names but does not attempt to further explain beyond the discourse's own own words.

Key terms

sīlasampanno... samādhisampanno... paññāsampanno vimuttisampanno vimuttiñāṇadassanasampanno — accomplished in ethics, immersion, knowledge, freedom, or the knowledge and vision of freedom — the fivefold description of a mendicant worth even just seeing or hearing
kāyena ceva cittena ca vūpakaṭṭho viharati — “will live withdrawn in both body and mind” — the first link in this discourse's own causal chain, arising from hearing an accomplished mendicant's own teaching
satisambojjhaṅgaṁ ārabhati — “has initiated the awakening factor of mindfulness” — the recurring phrase marking each step of this discourse's own sequence
pīti amisā — “rapture not of the flesh” — a spiritual joy distinguished from ordinary sensory pleasure, arising once energy is roused
orambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā — “with the ending of the five lower fetters” — the condition shared by five of the seven fruits named at this discourse's own close, referring to the classic grades of the non-returner

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1 — the value of encountering an accomplished mendicant“Mendicants, when a mendicant is accomplished in ethics, immersion, knowledge, freedom, or the knowledge and vision of freedom, even the sight of them is very helpful, I say. Even to hear them, approach them, pay homage to them, recollect them, or go forth following them is very helpful, I say. Why is that? Because after hearing the teaching of such mendicants, a mendicant will live withdrawn in both body and mind, as they recollect and think about that teaching.

§2 — mindfulness initiatedAt such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of mindfulness; they develop it and perfect it. As they live mindfully in this way they investigate, explore, and inquire into that teaching with wisdom.

§3 — investigation of principles initiatedAt such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of investigation of principles; they develop it and perfect it. As they investigate principles with wisdom in this way their energy is roused up and unflagging.

§4 — energy initiatedAt such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of energy; they develop it and perfect it. When they’re energetic, rapture not of the flesh arises.

§5 — rapture initiatedAt such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of rapture; they develop it and perfect it. When the mind is full of rapture, the body and mind become tranquil.

§6 — tranquility initiatedAt such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of tranquility; they develop it and perfect it. When the body is tranquil and one feels bliss, the mind becomes immersed in samādhi.

§7 — immersion initiatedAt such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of immersion; they develop it and perfect it. They closely watch over that mind immersed in samādhi.

§8 — equanimity initiatedAt such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of equanimity; they develop it and perfect it.

§9 — the seven fruits and benefitsWhen the seven awakening factors are developed and cultivated in this way they can expect seven fruits and benefits. What seven? They attain enlightenment early on in this very life. If not, they attain enlightenment at the time of death. If not, with the ending of the five lower fetters, they’re extinguished between one life and the next. If not, with the ending of the five lower fetters they’re extinguished upon landing. If not, with the ending of the five lower fetters they’re extinguished without extra effort. If not, with the ending of the five lower fetters they’re extinguished with extra effort. If not, with the ending of the five lower fetters they head upstream, going to the Akaniṭṭha realm. When the seven awakening factors are developed and cultivated in this way these are the seven fruits and benefits they can expect.”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What sets this discourse's own causal chain in motion?
Correct: A. The discourse explicitly says even the sight of such a mendicant is called "very helpful."
Question 2 of 3
In what order does this discourse trace the seven awakening factors arising, one from another?
Correct: A. Confirmed by the discourse's own explicit connective language linking each step to the one before it.
Question 3 of 3
What are the seven possible fruits named at this discourse's own close?
Correct: A. A well-known technical classification of awakening outcomes, named here without further elaboration beyond the discourse's own words.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0