Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 46.39

Trees

Rukkhasutta — Nīvaraṇavagga

Setting
Not specified — an abbreviated narrative frame
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly
Form
An extended botanical simile, naming six specific tree species, followed by the five hindrances and seven awakening factors as "parasites" and their own absence
Length
1-2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — vivid, cautionary imagery with a named botanical basis

Why this discourse

Certain large trees begin from tiny seeds, grow up and around a host tree as parasites, and eventually cause it to “break apart, collapse, and fall” — a precise image applied to a mendicant who, having renounced sensual pleasures, is overcome by pleasures “similar, or even worse” than those left behind, and falls in the same way.

Reading guide

Six named species, not a generic "tree"

The discourse names six specific strangler-fig species (peepal, banyan, wavy leaf fig, cluster fig, Moreton Bay fig, white fig) — all genuinely parasitic trees in the ficus family that grow around a host, eventually strangling and toppling it — grounding the discourse's own simile in accurate, specific botanical observation rather than a vague or invented comparison.

A warning about relapse, not initial temptation

The mendicant in this discourse's own simile has already “gone forth... abandoning sensual pleasures” — the danger named is not first temptation but being “beset by sensual pleasures that are similar, or even worse” after renunciation, echoing the strangler fig's own way of growing unnoticed around an already-established tree before eventually destroying it.

The vagga's own vocabulary shifts, briefly, to "parasites"

Where SN 46.33-38 consistently use “corruptions” or “obstacles and hindrances,” this discourse's own closing restatement instead calls the five hindrances “parasites of the mind” (cittassa upakkilesā rendered to match the tree imagery) — a vocabulary shift tied directly to this discourse's own botanical simile.

Key terms

mahārukkhā appabījā mahākāyā — “large trees with tiny seeds and big bodies” — the discourse's own opening description of parasitic strangler figs
assattho nigrodho pilakkho udumbaro kacchako kapitthano — the peepal, banyan, wavy leaf fig, cluster fig, Moreton Bay fig, and white fig — six specific strangler-fig species named by the discourse
kāmehi sadisehi vā hīnehi vā vippakiṇṇo — “beset by sensual pleasures that are similar, or even worse” — the specific danger this discourse warns against, distinct from initial temptation
so bhijjati palujjati viradīyati — “he breaks apart, collapses, and falls” — the discourse's own description of both the engulfed tree and the relapsing mendicant
pañca āvaraṇā nīvaraṇā cetaso upakkilesā — “five obstacles and hindrances, parasites of the mind” — this discourse's own vocabulary, tied directly to its own tree simile

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1 — the strangler-fig simile“Mendicants, there are large trees with tiny seeds and big bodies, which grow up and around other trees as parasites. The trees they engulf break apart, collapse, and fall. And what are those large trees with tiny seeds and big bodies? The peepal, banyan, wavy leaf fig, cluster fig, Moreton Bay fig, and white fig. These are the large trees with tiny seeds and big bodies, which grow up and around other trees as parasites. The trees they engulf break apart, collapse, and fall. In the same way, take a certain gentleman who has gone forth from the lay life to homelessness, abandoning sensual pleasures. But beset by sensual pleasures that are similar, or even worse, he breaks apart, collapses, and falls.

§2 — the five hindrances as parasites of the mindThere are these five obstacles and hindrances, parasites of the mind that weaken wisdom. What five? Sensual desire, ill will, dullness and drowsiness, restlessness and remorse, and doubt. These are the five obstacles and hindrances, parasites of the mind that weaken wisdom.

§3 — the seven awakening factors, not parasitesThese seven awakening factors are not obstacles, hindrances, or parasites of the mind. When developed and cultivated they lead to the realization of the fruit of knowledge and freedom. What seven? The awakening factors of mindfulness, investigation of principles, energy, rapture, tranquility, immersion, and equanimity. These seven awakening factors are not obstacles, hindrances, or parasites of the mind. When developed and cultivated they lead to the realization of the fruit of knowledge and freedom.”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What six tree species does this discourse name as parasitic strangler figs?
Correct: A. Specific, genuinely parasitic species in the ficus family, grounding the simile in accurate botanical observation.
Question 2 of 3
What specific danger does the mendicant simile warn against?
Correct: A. A warning about relapse after renunciation, not about initial temptation before ordination.
Question 3 of 3
What vocabulary shift appears in this discourse's own closing restatement, tied to its own tree imagery?
Correct: A. A vocabulary choice directly connected to this discourse's own particular botanical simile.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0