Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourses 46.77–88

The Ganges River, Etc.

Gaṅgānadīādisutta — Gaṅgāpeyyālavagga

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly
Form
Twelve discourses compressed into a single bilara-data file, giving one explicit example before an explicit cross-reference instruction
Length
<1 minute to read, per the source's own actual content
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — brief in its own written form, but structurally confirmed to represent twelve discourses

Why this discourse

The Ganges river, sloping east, illustrates a mendicant who develops the seven awakening factors and thereby “slants, slopes, and inclines to extinguishment” — the identical simile already met at SN 45.91 in this book's own Maggasaṃyutta, here explicitly cross-referenced by the source itself rather than rewritten, confirmed by the closing uddāna to span twelve discourses across five great rivers and two directions.

Reading guide

A direct cross-reference, not independent content

Confirmed by direct reading, the source itself instructs readers to “tell in full for each of the different rivers as in SN 45.91–102” — this project's own already-completed Gaṅgāpeyyālavagga from the Maggasaṃyutta — rather than rewriting the full river-by-river content again. The five great rivers (Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Aciravatī, Sarabhū, Mahī), sloping first east and then to the ocean, with two collective statements closing each direction, are confirmed by the closing uddāna's own explicit count (“six sloping east, six sloping to the ocean, these two sixes make twelve”) to structure this entire twelve-discourse vagga identically to its own earlier counterpart.

A single formula, not the later three-set structure

Unlike SN 45's own SECOND Gaṅgā vagga (Dutiyagaṅgāpeyyālavagga), which cycled through three distinct closing formulas across three full repetitions of the twelve-discourse pattern, this vagga uses only the single self-referential “slants, slopes, and inclines to extinguishment” formula throughout — confirmed by direct reading to match the simpler, single-formula structure of SN 45's own FIRST Gaṅgā vagga rather than its own more elaborate second installment.

A colophon and uddāna, confirming this vagga's own position

The Pāli root closes with “Gaṅgāpeyyālavaggo navamo” (“the Gaṅgāpeyyāla chapter, the ninth”), matching this project's own count without discrepancy — and an editorial cross-reference note (“to be elaborated in full, following the Searches text”) left untranslated in the consulted English source and described here rather than rendered as invented translation.

Key terms

gaṅgā nadī pācīnaninnā pācīnapoṇā pācīnapabbhārā — “the Ganges river slants, slopes, and inclines to the east” — the identical opening image already met at SN 45.91, this book's own recurring river simile
nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro — “slants, slopes, and inclines to extinguishment” — the single formula used throughout this vagga, distinct from SN 45's own later three-formula-set structure
yathā... vitthāretabbaṁ — “tell in full... as” — the source's own explicit cross-reference instruction, pointing to SN 45.91-102 rather than repeating that content
gaṅgāpeyyālavaggo navamo — “the Gaṅgāpeyyāla chapter, the ninth” — unambiguous confirmation of this vagga's own position, matching this project's own count without discrepancy
cha pācīnato ninnā, cha ninnā ca samuddato — “six sloping east, six sloping to the ocean” — the closing uddāna's own explicit count, confirming this vagga's own twelve discourses

The text

Every genuinely translated fragment given in the consulted English source. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“Mendicants, the Ganges river slants, slopes, and inclines to the east. In the same way, a mendicant who develops and cultivates the seven awakening factors slants, slopes, and inclines to extinguishment. And how does a mendicant who develops the seven awakening factors slant, slope, and incline to extinguishment? It’s when a mendicant develops the awakening factors of mindfulness, investigation of principles, energy, rapture, tranquility, immersion, and equanimity, which rely on seclusion, fading away, and cessation, and ripen as letting go. That’s how a mendicant who develops and cultivates the seven awakening factors slants, slopes, and inclines to extinguishment.” (Tell in full for each of the different rivers as in SN 45.91–102.)

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What does the source itself instruct, rather than rewriting the full river-by-river content?
Correct: A. A direct cross-reference to this project's own already-completed Gaṅgāpeyyālavagga from the Maggasaṃyutta.
Question 2 of 3
How does this vagga's own closing formula differ from SN 45's own second Gaṅgā vagga (Dutiyagaṅgāpeyyālavagga)?
Correct: A. Confirmed by direct reading to match the simpler structure of SN 45's own FIRST Gaṅgā vagga instead.
Question 3 of 3
What does this vagga's own closing uddāna confirm about its own total discourse count?
Correct: A. Matching the identical structure already confirmed for SN 45.91-102.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0