Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 5.3

With Kisāgotamī

Kisāgotamīsutta

Setting
At Sāvatthī, in the Dark Forest, at the root of a tree
Speakers
The nun Kisāgotamī and Māra the Wicked
Form
A taunt assuming unresolved grief, met by a firm two-stanza declaration that the grief is already past
Length
~1.5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — brief, but carries the full weight of a well-known biography behind it

Why this discourse

Kisāgotamī is one of the most well-known women in the early Buddhist tradition, famous elsewhere for the story of searching for a mustard seed from a household untouched by death after her own child's death. Māra, encountering her meditating alone, assumes her solitude signals unresolved grief or desperation — crying as if her children died, searching the woods for a man. Kisāgotamī's reply corrects the assumption directly: the grief is already resolved, resolved so completely that she describes having defeated death's own army.

Reading guide

A taunt built on an outdated assumption

Māra's mockery assumes Kisāgotamī's presence alone in the forest signals ongoing distress — grieving children, searching for male company — a reading that would have been accurate about her at an earlier point in her life, but is no longer true of the woman he is actually addressing.

A biography this discourse assumes but doesn't narrate

This discourse itself gives almost no direct account of Kisāgotamī's earlier loss; her name and situation carry weight from a broader biographical tradition well known elsewhere, and this brief exchange reads differently for someone who already knows that history than for someone encountering her only here.

A correction stated as completed fact, not process

Kisāgotamī's reply doesn't describe grief being managed or worked through; it states outright, in the past tense, that she has ‘got over the death of children’ and is ‘finished with men’ — resolution presented as accomplished, not ongoing.

Fear addressed directly and dismissed

‘I'm not afraid of you, sir’ answers Māra's implicit goal — provoking fear, terror, goosebumps, as stated in this saṃyutta's recurring formula — as directly and plainly as the grief accusation itself, leaving neither of Māra's assumptions intact.

Defeating death's army: a military image for inner victory

The verse's closing image — having ‘defeated the army of death’ — scales far beyond personal grief resolution to a claim of total liberation, the same martial vocabulary this collection uses elsewhere for Māra's own forces, now claimed as already overcome.

Key terms

Kisāgotamī — “Kisāgotamī” — the nun this discourse follows, known elsewhere in the tradition for the story of the mustard seed after her child's death.
mataputtā — “one whose child has died” — the grief Māra assumes is still active, which Kisāgotamī states she has already gotten entirely over.
vihatā nandī — “relishing is banished” — part of the verse's description of her completed resolution.
tamokkhandha — “the mass of darkness” — what the verse says has been shattered, alongside the ending of grief.
maccusenā — “the army of death” — the martial image closing the verse, claiming total, not merely personal, victory.

The text

The discourse in full: Māra's taunt assuming unresolved grief, and Kisāgotamī's firm correction. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. Then the nun Kisāgotamī robed up in the morning and, taking her bowl and robe, entered Sāvatthī for alms. She wandered for alms in Sāvatthī. After the meal, on her return from almsround, she went to the Dark Forest for the day’s meditation, plunged deep into it, and sat at the root of a tree to meditate. Then Māra the Wicked, wanting to make the nun Kisāgotamī feel fear, terror, and goosebumps, wanting to make her fall away from immersion, went up to her and addressed her in verse:

§2“Why do you sit alone and cry as if your children have died? You’ve come to the woods all alone—are you looking for a man?”

§3Then the nun Kisāgotamī thought, “Who’s speaking this verse, a human or a non-human?” Then she thought, “This is Māra the Wicked, wanting to make me feel fear, terror, and goosebumps, wanting to make me fall away from immersion!” Then Kisāgotamī, knowing that this was Māra the Wicked, replied to him in verse:

§4“I’ve got over the death of children, and I’m finished with men. I don’t grieve or lament, and I’m not afraid of you, sir! Relishing is banished in every respect, and the mass of darkness is shattered. I’ve defeated the army of death, and live without defilements.”

§5Then Māra the Wicked, thinking, “The nun Kisāgotamī knows me!” miserable and sad, vanished right there.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does Māra assume about Kisāgotamī's solitude?
Correct: A. An assumption that may have been accurate about her earlier life, but is no longer true.
Question 2 of 10
What does this discourse assume readers already know about Kisāgotamī?
Correct: A. This brief exchange reads differently for someone who already knows that history.
Question 3 of 10
How does Kisāgotamī describe her resolution of grief?
Correct: A. “I've got over the death of children” — resolution presented as completed, not ongoing.
Question 4 of 10
How does Kisāgotamī address Māra's implicit goal of provoking fear?
Correct: A. As directly and plainly as her correction about grief.
Question 5 of 10
What does the verse's closing image claim?
Correct: A. Scaling far beyond personal grief resolution to total victory, using this collection's martial vocabulary.
Question 6 of 10
What does the verse say has been shattered alongside the ending of grief?
Correct: A. Part of the verse's fuller description of her completed resolution.
Question 7 of 10
How does this discourse's brevity relate to its emotional weight?
Correct: A. A brief exchange carrying significance from a wider, well-known biography.
Question 8 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. The same location shared with several other discourses in this saṃyutta.
Question 9 of 10
What is Kisāgotamī doing when Māra approaches her?
Correct: A. The same circumstance shared with several other discourses in this saṃyutta.
Question 10 of 10
How does Māra's closing thought in this discourse read?
Correct: A. Following this saṃyutta's pattern of crediting the specific nun by name.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0