Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 55.34

Footprints of the Gods (1st)

Paṭhamadevapadasutta — Puññābhisandavagga

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speaker
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly
Form
The four factors, given a third distinct name in this vagga, in compressed form
Length
<1 minute to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Significance
★★★ — a third distinct name for the four factors within this single vagga, framing them as marks left by the gods themselves

Why this discourse

Confirmed by direct reading, this discourse names the four factors “footprints of the gods” (devapada), said to exist “in order to purify unpurified beings and cleanse unclean beings” — a third distinct name for the identical formula within this single vagga, after “overflowing merit” at SN 55.31-33.

Reading guide

A trail left by higher beings

This project's own reading of the image: a “footprint” implies a path already walked by another, one a follower can locate and step into — here attributed to the gods themselves, giving the four factors a mark of aspirational, almost cosmic sanction beyond their own psychological or ethical description elsewhere in this saṃyutta.

A compressed statement, its own full form given next

Confirmed by direct comparison, this discourse states the four footprints without the explanatory reflection SN 55.35 gives for each one — a bare structural statement, its own fuller content held back for its own immediate companion discourse.

Key terms

devapada — “footprint of the gods” — this discourse's own new name for the four factors, the third distinct name given to this formula within this single vagga
aparisuddhānaṁ sattānaṁ parisuddhiyā, aparibyodātānaṁ sattānaṁ paribyodapanāya — “in order to purify unpurified beings and cleanse unclean beings” — this discourse's own stated purpose for the four footprints
aveccappasāda — “experiential confidence” — the shared term for confidence in the Buddha, teaching, and Saṅgha
ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato — “has the ethical conduct loved by the noble ones” — the fourth footprint, restated identically here
paṭhamaṁ devapadaṁ — “the first footprint of the gods” — the discourse's own recurring label for each of the four factors in turn

The text

Every genuinely translated fragment given in the consulted English source. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. “Mendicants, these four footprints of the gods are in order to purify unpurified beings and cleanse unclean beings. What four? Firstly, a noble disciple has experiential confidence in the Buddha … This is the first footprint of the gods in order to purify unpurified beings and cleanse unclean beings. Furthermore, a noble disciple has experiential confidence in the teaching … the Saṅgha … Furthermore, a noble disciple’s ethical conduct is loved by the noble ones, unbroken, impeccable, spotless, and unmarred, liberating, praised by sensible people, not mistaken, and leading to immersion. This is the fourth footprint of the gods in order to purify unpurified beings and cleanse unclean beings. These four footprints of the gods are in order to purify unpurified beings and cleanse unclean beings.”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What third distinct name does this discourse give to the four factors, within this single vagga?
Correct: A. Confirmed by direct reading — a genuinely new name, distinct from this vagga's own opening triplet.
Question 2 of 3
What does this project's own reading suggest the "footprint" image implies?
Correct: A. This project's own interpretive reading of the image's own significance.
Question 3 of 3
How does this discourse's own content compare to its immediate companion, SN 55.35?
Correct: A. Confirmed by direct comparison — a bare statement, with the fuller version held for its own companion.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0