Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 56.38

The Simile of the Sun (2nd)

Dutiyasūriyasutta — Sīsapāvanavagga

Setting
Not given — continuing directly from SN 56.37's own setting
Speaker
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly
Form
A cosmological simile given in full, then its own direct application to a Buddha's own arising in the world
Length
1–2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Significance
★★★★★ — the eighth of ten discourses, widening SN 56.37's own personal image into a claim about the rarity of a Buddha's own arising at all

Why this discourse

Confirmed by direct reading, this discourse widens SN 56.37's own personal simile (dawn as right view's own image) into a cosmic one: without the sun and moon, no great light appears, utter darkness prevails, and even day and night, months, and years cannot be measured; likewise, without a Realized One arising in the world, no great light appears and the four noble truths cannot be explained, taught, or revealed at all.

Reading guide

From personal forerunner to cosmic necessity

This project's own direct comparison against SN 56.37: that discourse concerned one mendicant's own right view as a personal forecast; this discourse instead claims something far larger — that the very possibility of the four truths being taught at all depends on a Buddha's own arising, without which not even the concept could be explained.

Time itself made unmeasurable without light

This project's own reading of the cosmological half of the simile: the discourse claims not merely that darkness prevails without sun and moon, but that day and night, fortnights, and years become altogether unmeasurable — an image of disorientation as complete as the darkness itself.

Key terms

yāvakīvañca...candimasūriyā loke nuppajjanti — “as long as the moon and the sun don't arise in the world” — this discourse's own opening cosmological condition
andhatamaṁ...andhakāratimisā — “darkness... utter darkness” — the result of that condition, described with two intensifying terms
neva rattindivā paññāyanti, na māsaddhamāsā paññāyanti, na utusaṁvaccharā paññāyanti — “day and night aren't found, nor months and fortnights, nor seasons and years” — time itself rendered unmeasurable
tathāgato loke nuppajjati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho — “the Realized One doesn't arise in the world” — the discourse's own application of the cosmological condition to a Buddha's own arising
catunnaṁ ariyasaccānaṁ ācikkhaṇā hoti desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṁ — “there's explanation of the four noble truths, teaching, advocating, establishing, clarifying, analyzing, and revealing of them” — the sixfold act made possible only by a Buddha's own arising

The text

Every genuinely translated fragment given in the consulted English source. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“Mendicants, as long as the moon and the sun don’t arise in the world, no great light or great radiance appears. Darkness prevails then, utter darkness. Day and night aren’t found, nor months and fortnights, nor seasons and years.

§2But when the moon and the sun arise in the world, a great light, a great radiance appears. Darkness no longer prevails. Day and night are found, and months and fortnights, and seasons and years. In the same way, as long as the Realized One doesn’t arise in the world, no great light or great radiance appears. Darkness prevails then, utter darkness. There’s no explanation of the four noble truths, no teaching, advocating, establishing, clarifying, analyzing, and revealing of them.

§3But when the Realized One arises in the world, a great light, a great radiance appears. Darkness no longer prevails. Then there’s the explanation of the four noble truths, the teaching, advocating, establishing, clarifying, analyzing, and revealing of them. What four? The noble truths of suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the path.

§4That’s why you should practice meditation …”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
How does this discourse widen SN 56.37's own simile, per this project's own direct comparison?
Correct: A. This project's own reading of a widening from personal to cosmic and doctrinal necessity.
Question 2 of 3
What does this discourse claim happens to time itself without the sun and moon?
Correct: A. Confirmed by direct reading — an image of complete disorientation, matching the darkness.
Question 3 of 3
What sixfold act does this discourse claim becomes possible only when a Realized One arises in the world?
Correct: A. Confirmed by direct reading — the discourse's own explicit sixfold formula.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0