Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 6.14

About Aruṇavatī

Aruṇavatīsutta

Setting
Near Sāvatthī, the Buddha recounting an episode from the era of a past Buddha, Sikhī
Speakers
The Buddha, narrating; within the story, the past Buddha Sikhī and his disciple Abhibhū
Form
A frame narrative told to the mendicants, containing a story within the story, closing in verse
Length
~5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★★☆ — long and structurally layered, reaching back to a Buddha before the historical Buddha

Why this discourse

This discourse steps outside the Buddha's own biography entirely, reaching back to the era of Sikhī, one of the Buddhas of a previous age, and his chief disciple Abhibhū. Where SN 6.5 showed the present Buddha and four disciples seated in fire to answer a deity's boast, this discourse shows a comparable demonstration one Buddha-era earlier: Abhibhū teaching Dhamma to a complaining divinity's assembly with his body alternately visible and invisible, upper and lower halves independently shown or hidden, before finally making his voice heard across an entire thousandfold galaxy in verse — the same verse the Buddha then confirms his own mendicants heard correctly, closing the loop between the ancient story and its present retelling.

Reading guide

A story told by the Buddha, not witnessed directly

Unlike most of this saṃyutta, where a deity appears before the Buddha in real time, this discourse is framed as the Buddha's own recollection, addressed directly to the assembled mendicants — a story about a story, with the present audience explicitly checked at the end for whether they heard its embedded verse correctly.

A parallel structure to SN 6.5, one Buddha-era removed

The pattern of a deity's complaint answered by a display of psychic mastery recalls SN 6.5's four disciples seated in fire; here it plays out under Sikhī rather than the present Buddha, suggesting this kind of demonstration recurs across Buddha-eras rather than belonging uniquely to any one teacher's ministry.

Complaint answered by escalation, not correction

When the Divinity's assembly grumbles that a mere disciple teaches Dhamma in the Teacher's presence, Sikhī doesn't reassure them or explain; he instructs Abhibhū to ‘stir them up even more’, meeting complaint with a still more startling demonstration rather than with reassurance.

A fourfold display of visibility, precisely enumerated

Abhibhū's teaching posture is described with careful completeness — body visible, body invisible, lower half visible with upper half hidden, and the reverse — a structured enumeration rather than a vague claim of general psychic power.

A verse confirmed twice: spoken, then recalled correctly

The discourse doesn't end with Abhibhū's verse; it continues into the present Buddha quizzing his own mendicants on exactly what they heard, and only explicitly approves once they recite it back word-for-word — verbatim transmission treated as something to be checked, not assumed.

Key terms

sikhī bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho — “the Buddha Sikhī, the perfected one, the fully awakened one” — a Buddha of a previous era, distinct from the historical Buddha narrating this discourse.
abhibhusambhavaṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ…aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ — “a fine pair of chief disciples named Abhibhū and Sambhava” — Sikhī's own chief disciple pair, paralleling Sāriputta and Moggallāna under the present Buddha.
dissamānenapi kāyena…adissamānenapi kāyena — “with his body visible…with his body invisible” — the fourfold, precisely enumerated display of psychic mastery during Abhibhū's teaching.
sahassilokadhātuṁ sarena viññāpetuṁ — “to make my voice heard throughout the thousandfold galaxy” — Abhibhū's own recalled boast, then put directly to the test.
dhunātha maccuno senaṁ, naḷāgāraṁva kuñjaro — “crush the army of Death, as an elephant a hut of reeds” — the central image of the verse spoken across the galaxy, later confirmed word-for-word by the present Buddha's own mendicants.

The text

The discourse in full. A few short passages recapitulating material already given verbatim are left blank in the source and are not reconstructed here. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī. There he addressed the mendicants, “Mendicants!” “Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:

§2“Once upon a time, mendicants, there was a king named Aruṇavā. He had a capital named Aruṇavatī. Sikhī the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha lived supported by Aruṇavatī. Sikhī had a fine pair of chief disciples named Abhibhū and Sambhava. Then the Buddha Sikhī addressed the mendicant Abhibhū, ‘Come, brahmin, let’s go to one of the realms of divinity until it’s time for our meal.’ ‘Yes, sir,’ replied Abhibhū. Then, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, they vanished from Aruṇavatī and appeared in that realm of divinity.

§3Then the Buddha Sikhī addressed the mendicant Abhibhū, ‘Brahmin, teach the Dhamma as you feel inspired for that Divinity, his assembly, and the members of his retinue.’ ‘Yes, sir,’ replied Abhibhū. Then he educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired them with a Dhamma talk. But the Divinity, his assembly, and his retinue complained, grumbled, and objected, ‘Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing! How on earth can a disciple teach Dhamma in the presence of the Teacher?’

§4Then the Buddha Sikhī addressed the mendicant Abhibhū, ‘Brahmin, the Divinity, his assembly, and his retinue are complaining that a disciple teaches Dhamma in the presence of the Teacher. Well then, brahmin, stir them up even more!’ ‘Yes, sir,’ replied Abhibhū. Then he taught Dhamma with his body visible; with his body invisible; with the lower half visible and the upper half invisible; and with the upper half visible and the lower half invisible. And the Divinity, his assembly, and his retinue, their minds full of wonder and amazement, thought, ‘Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing! The ascetic has such psychic power and might!’

§5Then Abhibhū said to the Buddha Sikhī, ‘Sir, I recall having said this in the middle of the Saṅgha: “Standing in the realm of divinity, I can make my voice heard throughout the thousandfold galaxy.”’ ‘Now is the time, brahmin! Now is the time, brahmin! Standing in the realm of divinity, make your voice heard throughout the thousandfold galaxy.’ ‘Yes, sir,’ replied Abhibhū. Standing in the realm of divinity, he spoke this verse:

§6‘Rouse yourselves! Try harder! Devote yourselves to the teachings of the Buddha! Crush the army of Death, as an elephant a hut of reeds. Whoever shall meditate diligently in this teaching and training, giving up transmigration through rebirths, will make an end of suffering.’

§7Having inspired that Divinity, his assembly, and his retinue with a sense of awe, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, Sikhī and Abhibhū vanished from that realm of divinity and appeared in Aruṇavatī. Then the Buddha Sikhī addressed the mendicants, ‘Mendicants, did you hear the mendicant Abhibhū speaking a verse while standing in a realm of divinity?’ ‘We did, sir.’ ‘But what exactly did you hear?’ ‘This is what we heard, sir:

§8“Rouse yourselves! Try harder! Devote yourselves to the teachings of the Buddha! Crush the army of Death, as an elephant a hut of reeds. Whoever shall meditate diligently in this teaching and training, giving up transmigration through rebirths, will make an end of suffering.” That’s what we heard, sir.’ ‘Good, good, mendicants! It’s good that you heard the mendicant Abhibhū speaking this verse while standing in a realm of divinity.’”

§9That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the mendicants approved what the Buddha said.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
How is this discourse framed, compared to most of this saṃyutta?
Correct: A. A story about a story, checked at the end for accurate transmission.
Question 2 of 10
Who is Sikhī in this discourse?
Correct: A. The discourse reaches back to a Buddha-era before the present one.
Question 3 of 10
Who is Abhibhū?
Correct: A. Paralleling the role Sāriputta and Moggallāna hold under the present Buddha.
Question 4 of 10
How does the Divinity's assembly react to Abhibhū teaching Dhamma?
Correct: A. A complaint met not with reassurance but with an even more startling display.
Question 5 of 10
How does Sikhī respond to this complaint?
Correct: A. Meeting complaint with escalation, not correction.
Question 6 of 10
How is Abhibhū's fourfold display of psychic mastery described?
Correct: A. A structured, precisely enumerated display rather than a vague claim.
Question 7 of 10
What does Abhibhū claim he can do, which is then put to the test?
Correct: A. His own recalled boast, tested immediately at Sikhī's prompting.
Question 8 of 10
What is the central image of the verse Abhibhū speaks across the galaxy?
Correct: A. The verse's central image, later confirmed word-for-word by the mendicants.
Question 9 of 10
How does the discourse end?
Correct: A. Verbatim transmission treated as something to be checked, not assumed.
Question 10 of 10
What earlier discourse in this saṃyutta shows a structurally similar demonstration?
Correct: A. A comparable pattern, playing out one Buddha-era earlier under Sikhī.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0