Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 7.12

With Udaya

Udayasutta

Setting
At Sāvatthī, the brahmin Udaya's home, over three consecutive days
Speakers
The brahmin Udaya and the Buddha
Form
A repeated almsround, an irritated complaint, and an extended verse built entirely on repetition
Length
~3 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — a simple complaint turned into a structurally elegant teaching

Why this discourse

This discourse begins with nothing more dramatic than mild annoyance: the Buddha visits Udaya's home for alms three days running, and on the third visit Udaya complains that ‘this ascetic Gotama is such a drag’, always coming back again and again. Rather than defending the practice of repeated almsrounds, the Buddha takes the brahmin's own word — ‘again and again’, punappunaṁ — and builds an entire verse around it, moving from the ordinary repetitions of farming and giving to the far larger repetition the complaint unknowingly points toward: the endless cycle of birth and death itself, and what it would mean to finally step outside it.

Reading guide

A complaint about repetition, not a confrontation

Unlike this saṃyutta's more dramatic encounters, nothing here rises to outright hostility; Udaya's grumbling about the Buddha's repeated visits is closer to mild social irritation than genuine anger, a notably lower-stakes opening than most of this collection.

The complaint's own word becomes the verse's structure

The Buddha doesn't argue against the accusation of repetitiveness; he takes ‘again and again’ literally and builds the entire response verse around that exact repeated phrase, turning the brahmin's complaint into the teaching's own organizing device.

Ordinary cycles named before the larger one

The verse doesn't leap immediately to birth and death; it moves through smaller, familiar repetitions first — sowing seed, rain falling, farmers plowing, grain being produced, giving and receiving merit — each cycle recognizable and unremarkable on its own.

A pivot from the mundane to the cosmic within the same structure

Only after establishing this rhythm of ordinary repetition does the verse turn to its real subject: birth and death themselves repeating ‘again and again’, using the exact same grammatical pattern that described farming and giving to describe saṃsāra itself.

An exit named in the same breath as the cycle it exits

The verse's closing line doesn't simply lament endless rebirth; it names, in the same structure, what interrupts it — one of vast wisdom, having found the path to no further becoming, is not reborn again and again, the escape stated as concretely as the repetition it escapes.

Key terms

pakaṭṭhakoyaṁ samaṇo gotamo punappunaṁ āgacchati — “this ascetic Gotama is such a drag, he keeps coming back again and again” — Udaya's complaint, prompting the verse that follows.
punappunaṁ vapanti bījaṁ — “again and again, they sow the seed” — the verse's opening catalogue of ordinary, recognizable repetitions.
punappunaṁ saggamupenti ṭhānaṁ — “again and again, they take their place in heaven” — extending the repetition motif to giving and its result.
punappunaṁ jāyati mīyati ca — “again and again, you're reborn and die” — the verse's pivot from mundane cycles to saṃsāra itself.
na punappunaṁ jāyati bhūripañño — “one of vast wisdom is not reborn again and again” — the verse's closing exit, named within the same repeated structure it escapes.

The text

The discourse in full. A short passage recapitulating the almsround visit is left blank in the source and is not reconstructed here. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, went to the home of the brahmin Udaya. Then Udaya filled the Buddha’s bowl with rice. The next day … Udaya again filled the Buddha’s bowl with rice. But when he had filled the Buddha’s bowl on the third day, he said to the Buddha, “This ascetic Gotama is such a drag! He keeps coming back again and again!”

§2“Again and again, they sow the seed; again and again, the king of the heavens sends rain; again and again, farmers plough the field; again and again, grain is produced for the nation.

§3Again and again, the beggars beg; again and again, the donors give. Again and again, when the donors have given, again and again, they take their place in heaven.

§4Again and again, dairy farmers milk; again and again, a calf cleaves to its mother; again and again, oppressing and intimidating, that dullard returns to the womb again and again.

§5Again and again, you’re reborn and die; again and again, you get carried to a charnel ground. But when they’ve gained the path for no further rebirth, one of vast wisdom is not reborn again and again.”

§6When he had spoken, the brahmin Udaya said to the Buddha, “Excellent, worthy Gotama … From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What prompts Udaya's complaint to the Buddha?
Correct: A. Mild irritation at repeated visits, not outright hostility.
Question 2 of 10
What does Udaya say about the Buddha on the third visit?
Correct: A. A complaint closer to social irritation than genuine anger.
Question 3 of 10
How does the Buddha's response relate to Udaya's own complaint?
Correct: A. Turning the brahmin's own complaint into the teaching's organizing device.
Question 4 of 10
What kind of repetitions does the verse name first?
Correct: A. Establishing a recognizable rhythm before turning to the larger subject.
Question 5 of 10
What is the verse's real subject, revealed after the ordinary cycles?
Correct: A. Using the same grammatical pattern that described farming to describe saṃsāra itself.
Question 6 of 10
How does the verse describe someone who escapes this cycle?
Correct: A. The escape stated as concretely as the repetition it escapes.
Question 7 of 10
How does this discourse's tone compare to more dramatic confrontations elsewhere in this saṃyutta?
Correct: A. Grumbling rather than genuine anger opens this exchange.
Question 8 of 10
What does Udaya declare himself after hearing the verse?
Correct: A. Continuing this vagga's pattern of lay conversion rather than ordination.
Question 9 of 10
Where does this discourse take place?
Correct: A. A domestic almsround setting, distinct from the outdoor confrontations earlier in this saṃyutta.
Question 10 of 10
What literary device structures the entire response verse?
Correct: A. The complaint's own word becomes the teaching's organizing structure.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0