Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 7.18

Collecting Firewood

Kaṭṭhahārasutta

Setting
A forest grove in the Kosalan lands, at the root of a sal tree
Speakers
A group of young students, the brahmin Bhāradvāja their teacher, and the Buddha
Form
A report relayed by students, an admiring verse with a mistaken assumption, and a direct correction
Length
~3 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — a clear contrast between heavenly rebirth and awakening as the goal of practice

Why this discourse

This discourse begins at one remove: it's the brahmin Bhāradvāja's own students, out gathering firewood, who first spot the Buddha meditating and report the sight back to their teacher, who then goes to see for himself. His resulting verse is genuinely admiring — struck by the Buddha's stillness and grace alone in a wilderness ‘full of terrors’ — but it rests on an assumption common to Brahmanical asceticism: that such solitary practice aims at rebirth among the gods, specifically as ruler of the Third Heaven. The Buddha's answer doesn't merely correct a factual error; it draws a clean line between practice aimed at a better rebirth and practice aimed at ending rebirth altogether.

Reading guide

A discovery relayed secondhand before the encounter proper

Unlike most of this saṃyutta's discourses, the Buddha isn't first noticed by the person who eventually questions him; a group of students discovers him and brings the news to their teacher, who then makes a separate trip to see for himself.

Admiration stated without hostility or challenge

The brahmin's verse carries real aesthetic and spiritual appreciation — ‘how beautifully you meditate’ — a tone distinct from both the confrontational openings of Arahantavagga and the more neutral curiosity of discourses like SN 7.17.

A specific, nameable goal assumed rather than asked about

The brahmin doesn't simply wonder what the Buddha is doing; he proposes a specific explanation — practicing austerity to be reborn as ruler of the Third Heaven — a concrete Brahmanical goal for ascetic practice that the verse offers as its own working hypothesis.

Every wish traced to a single root and removed entirely

The Buddha's reply doesn't address the heavenly-rebirth hypothesis item by item; it traces all such wishes and hopes back to a single source — unknowing — and states that source has been eliminated completely, down to the root.

Awakening named as a different kind of goal entirely

The verse's closing lines don't just deny wanting heavenly rebirth; they name what has actually been attained instead — supreme awakening — making clear this isn't an absence of goals but a different category of goal altogether, one that ends the very wishing that heavenly rebirth would only extend.

Key terms

gambhīrarūpe bahubherave vane — “deep in the jungle so full of terrors” — the brahmin's admiring description of the fearsome setting.
lokādhipatisahabyataṁ…tidivaṁ anuttaraṁ — “the supreme world-sovereign of the Third Heaven” — the brahmin's assumed goal of the Buddha's ascetic practice.
tapo idha kubbasi brahmapattiyā — “practice fervor for attaining divinity” — naming explicitly the goal the brahmin presumes.
aññāṇamūlappabhavā pajappitā, sabbā mayā byantikatā samūlikā — “yearnings sprung from the root of unknowing…I've eliminated them all down to the root” — the Buddha's direct rebuttal, tracing every wish to one source.
pappuyya sambodhimanuttaraṁ sivaṁ — “I've attained the state of grace, the supreme awakening” — the actual goal, distinct in kind from heavenly rebirth.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Kosalans in a certain forest grove. Then several students, pupils of one of the Bhāradvāja brahmins, approached a forest grove while collecting firewood. They saw the Buddha sitting down cross-legged at the root of a certain sal tree, his body set straight, and mindfulness brought to the present. Seeing this, they went up to Bhāradvāja and said to him, “Please sir, you should know this. In such and such a forest grove the ascetic Gotama is sitting down cross-legged, his body set straight, and mindfulness brought to the present.” Then Bhāradvāja together with those young students went to that forest grove where he saw the Buddha sitting down cross-legged, his body set straight, and mindfulness brought to the present. He went up to the Buddha and addressed him in verse:

§2“Deep in the jungle so full of terrors, you’ve plunged into the empty, desolate wilderness. Still, steady, and graceful: how beautifully you meditate, mendicant!

§3Where there is no song or music, a lonely sage resorts to the wilderness. This strikes me as an amazing thing, that you dwell so joyfully alone in the jungle.

§4I suppose you wish to be reborn in the company of the supreme world-sovereign of the Third Heaven. Is that why you resort to the desolate wilderness, to practice fervor for attaining divinity?”

§5“Any wishes and hopes that are always attached to the many and various realms—the yearnings sprung from the root of unknowing—I’ve eliminated them all down to the root.

§6So I’m wishless, unattached, uninvolved; amongst all things, my vision is clear. I’ve attained the state of grace, the supreme awakening; I meditate alone, brahmin, and self-assured.”

§7When he had spoken, Bhāradvāja said to the Buddha, “Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent! … From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
Who first discovers the Buddha meditating in this discourse?
Correct: A. The discovery is relayed secondhand before the brahmin's own encounter.
Question 2 of 10
How does the brahmin's verse describe the Buddha's meditation?
Correct: A. A tone distinct from this saṃyutta's more confrontational openings.
Question 3 of 10
What does the brahmin assume is the goal of the Buddha's ascetic practice?
Correct: A. A specific, nameable Brahmanical goal proposed as a working hypothesis.
Question 4 of 10
How does the Buddha's reply address this assumption?
Correct: A. Not addressing the hypothesis item by item, but at its root.
Question 5 of 10
What does the Buddha name as what he has actually attained?
Correct: A. A different category of goal from heavenly rebirth, not merely its denial.
Question 6 of 10
What distinction does this discourse draw between two kinds of spiritual aims?
Correct: A. A clean line drawn between Brahmanical heavenly aspiration and Buddhist awakening.
Question 7 of 10
How does the setting of this discourse compare to SN 7.17's?
Correct: A. Both discourses share this vagga's forest-grove backdrop.
Question 8 of 10
What does the Buddha's closing verse say about his current state of mind?
Correct: A. A settled, complete state rather than an ongoing aspiration.
Question 9 of 10
How does the brahmin respond after hearing the Buddha's answer?
Correct: A. Continuing this vagga's established pattern of lay conversion.
Question 10 of 10
What specific heavenly realm does the brahmin's verse name?
Correct: A. A concrete, nameable goal rather than a vague aspiration.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0