Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 8.3

Good-Hearted

Pesalasutta

Setting
Āḷavī's premier shrine, near Āḷavī
Speakers
Venerable Vaṅgīsa, alone
Form
Self-observed conceit, immediate remorse, and a verse of self-admonishment
Length
~3 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★★☆ — a subtler fault than lust, caught by careful self-observation

Why this discourse

Where SN 8.1 and SN 8.2 showed Vaṅgīsa battling lust, this discourse catches a quieter and arguably more insidious fault: pride in his own gift. Vaṅgīsa was famous for his poetic eloquence, and here he notices himself using that very talent to look down on other monks he privately considers good-hearted but less articulate. The self-catching itself is the discourse's real subject — conceit is harder to spot than lust because it can hide inside the same gift that makes someone genuinely useful to the community — and the verse that follows is addressed, intriguingly, to someone named ‘Gotama’, though Vaṅgīsa is alone at the time.

Reading guide

A fault harder to notice than lust

Unlike SN 8.1's obvious external temptation, this discourse's problem is entirely internal and easy to mistake for a virtue — Vaṅgīsa's talent for verse is real and valuable, which is exactly what makes the conceit built on top of it so easy to miss.

Self-observation as the discourse's actual event

Nothing external happens in this discourse at all; the entire narrative is Vaṅgīsa noticing his own mental habit, assessing it honestly as loss and misfortune, and responding with remorse — an entirely interior sequence of events.

A puzzling address to "Gotama" while alone

The verse opens ‘give up conceit, Gotama’, yet no one else is present in the discourse's narrative frame; this reading guide notes the puzzle honestly rather than resolving it with false confidence — compare SN 8.4, where the identical vocative is genuinely addressed to Ānanda, himself of the Gotama clan.

Conceit's consequence stated starkly, not softened

The verse doesn't treat conceit as a minor lapse; it describes people ‘smeared by smears and slain by conceit’ falling into hell and grieving there for a long time — a severity matching how easily this particular fault escapes notice.

A named contrast: the mendicant who never grieves

The verse doesn't end on warning alone; it names the opposite figure directly — the mendicant who practices rightly, a ‘path-victor’, who enjoys happiness and reputation and is rightly called a ‘Seer of Truth’ — giving Vaṅgīsa's self-correction a positive destination, not just a warning to avoid.

Key terms

attano paṭibhānena aññe pesale bhikkhū atimaññati — “looked down upon other good-hearted mendicants because of his own eloquence” — the specific fault Vaṅgīsa catches in himself.
mānaṁ pajahassu gotama — “give up conceit, Gotama!” — the verse's opening address, puzzling since Vaṅgīsa is alone.
makkhena makkhitā pajā, mānahatā nirayaṁ papatanti — “smeared by smears and slain by conceit, people fall into hell” — the verse's stark warning.
maggajino sammāpaṭipanno — “a mendicant who practices rightly, a path-victor” — the contrasting figure who never grieves.
vijjāyantakaro samitāvī — “the one who makes an end with knowledge is assuaged” — the verse's closing resolution.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time Venerable Vaṅgīsa was staying near Āḷavī, at Āḷavī’s premier shrine, together with his mentor, Venerable Nigrodhakappa. Now at that time Venerable Vaṅgīsa looked down upon other good-hearted mendicants because of his own eloquence. Then he thought, “It’s my loss, my misfortune, that I look down on other good-hearted mendicants because of my own eloquence.” Then, on the occasion of arousing remorse in himself, he recited these verses:

§2“Give up conceit, Gotama! Completely abandon the different kinds of conceit! Besotted with the different kinds of conceit, you’ve had regrets for a long time.

§3Smeared by smears and slain by conceit, people fall into hell. When people slain by conceit are reborn in hell, they grieve for a long time.

§4But a mendicant who practices rightly, a path-victor, never grieves. They enjoy happiness and a good reputation, and they rightly call him a ‘Seer of Truth’.

§5So being not hard-hearted, but energetic, with hindrances given up, pure; and having completely given up conceit, the one who makes an end with knowledge is assuaged.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What fault does Vaṅgīsa catch in himself in this discourse?
Correct: A. A subtler fault than lust, built on top of a genuine talent.
Question 2 of 10
Why is this particular fault harder to notice than the temptation in SN 8.1?
Correct: A. Vaṅgīsa's poetic gift is real, making the conceit built on it easy to miss.
Question 3 of 10
What happens externally in this discourse?
Correct: A. An entirely interior sequence of noticing, honest assessment, and remorse.
Question 4 of 10
Who does Vaṅgīsa's verse address, and why is this puzzling?
Correct: A. This reading guide notes the puzzle honestly rather than resolving it with false confidence.
Question 5 of 10
How does the verse describe the consequence of conceit?
Correct: A. A stark severity matching how easily this fault escapes notice.
Question 6 of 10
What figure does the verse name in contrast to the conceited person?
Correct: A. Giving Vaṅgīsa's self-correction a positive destination, not only a warning.
Question 7 of 10
What discourse elsewhere in this saṃyutta uses the identical vocative "Gotama"?
Correct: A. A useful point of comparison, since Ānanda was genuinely of the Gotama clan.
Question 8 of 10
How does this discourse's tone compare to SN 8.1's closing defiance?
Correct: A. Remorse and self-correction rather than defiance against an external threat.
Question 9 of 10
What prompts Vaṅgīsa to compose this verse, according to the text?
Correct: A. Self-generated remorse, not an external prompt.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this discourse take place?
Correct: A. The same setting as SN 8.1 and SN 8.2.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0