Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 9.4

Several Mendicants Set Out Wandering

Sambahulasutta

Setting
A forest grove in the Kosalan lands
Speakers
Two forest deities, conversing with each other
Form
A lament in verse, answered by a second deity's reframing verse
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a rare deity-to-deity exchange, with no monk directly present

Why this discourse

No monk appears directly in this discourse at all — the entire exchange happens between two forest deities, after the mendicants who once occupied this forest grove have already gone. Following the standard practice of resuming travel once the three-month rains residence ends, the monks have simply moved on, and the deity who'd grown fond of their learned, articulate company finds the empty seats genuinely upsetting, crying and asking where they've gone. A second deity answers not with comfort exactly, but with reframing: naming the specific regions the monks have scattered to, and comparing their unattached wandering to deer moving freely, unbound by ties.

Reading guide

An exchange with no monk present at all

Every other discourse in this saṃyutta so far involves a deity addressing a monk directly; here the monks have already left, and the entire conversation happens between two deities discussing their absence — a genuine structural departure from the pattern.

Grief expressed plainly, over something ordinary

The first deity's reaction isn't proportioned to any unusual event; monks routinely resume wandering after the rains residence ends, yet the deity's response — crying, calling it dissatisfaction — treats an entirely normal monastic practice as a real loss.

Admiration remembered specifically, not vaguely

The lamenting deity doesn't just miss having company generally; it recalls the monks specifically as ‘learned’ and ‘brilliant speakers’, grounding the loss in particular, remembered qualities.

A named itinerary answering a vague question

The second deity's reply doesn't offer abstract comfort; it names actual places — Magadha, Kosala, the Vajjian lands — giving the absence a concrete geography rather than leaving it as an unanswered mystery.

Freedom offered as the reframe, not mere reassurance

The closing image — deer wandering free of ties, mendicants living with no fixed abode — doesn't simply comfort the grieving deity; it reinterprets the very departure being mourned as the monks' own freedom, turning loss into something to admire rather than only regret.

Key terms

vassaṁvuṭṭhā temāsaccayena cārikaṁ pakkamiṁsu — “after completing the three months of the rainy season residence, set out wandering” — the standard, unremarkable monastic custom prompting the deity's grief.
arati viya mejja khāyati — “dissatisfaction, it seems to me today” — the lamenting deity's opening expression of loss.
cittakathā bahussutā — “so learned, such brilliant speakers” — the deity's specific, remembered admiration for the departed monks.
māgadhaṁ gatā kosalaṁ gatā…vajjibhūmiyā — “gone to Magadha, gone to Kosala…in the Vajjian lands” — the second deity's concrete reply, naming actual regions.
magā viya asaṅgacārino, aniketā viharanti bhikkhavo — “like deer that wander free of ties, the mendicants live with no abode” — the closing image reframing departure as freedom.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time several mendicants were staying in the land of the Kosalans in a certain forest grove. Then after completing the three months of the rainy season residence, those mendicants set out wandering. Not seeing those mendicants, the deity haunting that forest cried. And on that occasion they spoke this verse:

§2“Dissatisfaction, it seems to me today, seeing so many vacated seats. They were so learned, such brilliant speakers! Where have these disciples of Gotama gone?”

§3When they had spoken, another deity replied with this verse:

§4“They’ve gone to Magadha, they’ve gone to Kosala, and some are in the Vajjian lands. Like deer that wander free of ties, the mendicants live with no abode.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
Who speaks in this discourse?
Correct: A. A genuine structural departure from this saṃyutta's usual pattern.
Question 2 of 10
What event prompts the first deity's grief?
Correct: A. An ordinary monastic custom treated as a genuine loss.
Question 3 of 10
How does the first deity describe the departed monks?
Correct: A. Grounding the loss in particular, remembered qualities.
Question 4 of 10
How does the second deity respond to the first's lament?
Correct: A. A concrete geography rather than an unanswered mystery.
Question 5 of 10
What image does the second deity use to reframe the monks' departure?
Correct: A. Reinterpreting the departure as the monks' own freedom.
Question 6 of 10
What does this reframing accomplish, according to this reading guide?
Correct: A. Comfort through reinterpretation, not mere reassurance.
Question 7 of 10
How does this discourse's structure compare to SN 9.1–9.3?
Correct: A. A genuine departure from the established pattern of the preceding discourses.
Question 8 of 10
Where does this discourse take place?
Correct: A. The same general setting as the preceding discourses in this saṃyutta.
Question 9 of 10
What specific practice prompted the monks to leave the forest?
Correct: A. A routine, expected part of the monastic calendar.
Question 10 of 10
How does the first deity's reaction compare to the ordinariness of the event itself?
Correct: A. Treating a normal monastic practice as a real, felt loss.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0