Theragatha · 10.1

Kāṭudāyī

Kāṭudāyī — The Book of the Tens · Chapter One · Poem 1 of 7

Setting
An invitation to travel, addressed directly to the Buddha
Speaker
Kāḷudāyī, urging a return to the Sakyan and Koliyan homeland
Form
Ten verses, the fourth extended to six lines rather than four
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — vivid seasonal imagery, several named family members to track

Why this text

‘The trees are now crimson, venerable sir... great hero, this season is full of flavor,’ Kāḷudāyī opens — not narrating his own crisis or breakthrough, but urging the Buddha directly to make the journey home, ‘let the Sākiyans and Koliyans see you,’ before naming the Buddha's own parents and describing his mother's fortunate rebirth in the heavens.

Reading guide

An invitation, not a personal narrative

Unlike most poems opening a new book in this collection, Kāḷudāyī's verse contains no account of his own going forth or attainment. Every one of its ten verses is addressed outward — to the Buddha directly, urging a journey, describing the season, and finally speaking of the Buddha's own family.

Autumn imagery, precisely observed

The first three verses build a specific seasonal case for travel: trees turning crimson and shedding their leaves in preparation to fruit, blossoms wafting scent in every direction, and weather ‘neither too hot nor too cold... a pleasant season for traveling’. This is some of the most concretely observed natural description in this collection, entirely in service of a practical argument.

A meditation on hope, before returning to travel

The fourth verse, extended to six lines, pauses on a broader reflection: farmers plow in hope, merchants sail in hope, ‘the hope that I stand for: may it succeed!’ This personal aside, before the poem returns to its main argument, briefly makes Kāḷudāyī's own voice, not just his advocacy, visible.

The Buddha's own genealogy, named directly

The eighth and ninth verses state the Buddha's parents' names outright: ‘the father of the great seer is named Suddhodana; and the Buddha's mother is named Māyā’ — before describing her death and rebirth ‘in the Third Heaven’, ‘surrounded by hosts of gods’. Few poems anywhere in this collection state such specific biographical and cosmological detail about the Buddha's own family.

A closing claim of Dhamma kinship

The final verse turns from advocacy to a striking personal claim: ‘I'm the son of the Buddha... you, Sakya, are my father's father; Gotama, you are my grandfather in the Dhamma.’ Kāḷudāyī addresses the Buddha by clan name and personal name in the same breath, closing this book's opening poem on a relationship claimed through practice rather than blood.

Key terms

aṅgārino dāni dumā — “the trees are now crimson” — the poem's opening image of the autumn season.
sākiyā koṭiyā ca — “the Sākiyans and Koliyans” — the two related clans Kāḷudāyī wishes to see the Buddha.
suddhodano... māyanāmā — “Suddhodana... named Māyā” — the Buddha's father and mother, named directly in the eighth verse.
tidivamhi modati — “rejoices in the Third Heaven” — Māyā's fortunate rebirth, described in the eighth and ninth verses.
dhammena me... ayyakosi — “you are my grandfather in the Dhamma” — the poem's closing claim of kinship through practice rather than blood.

The text

The text in full: ten verses, the fourth extended to six lines, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“The trees are now crimson, venerable sir, they’ve shed their foliage, and are ready to fruit. They shine as if aflame; great hero, this season is full of flavor.

§2The blossoming trees are delightful, wafting their scent all around, in all directions. They’ve shed their leaves and wish to fruit, hero, it is time to leave here.

§3It is neither too hot nor too cold, venerable sir, it’s a pleasant season for traveling. Let the Sākiyans and Koliyans see you, heading west across the Rohiṇī river.

§4In hope, the field is plowed; the seed is sown in hope; in hope, merchants travel the seas, carrying rich cargoes. The hope that I stand for: may it succeed!

§5Again and again, they sow the seed; again and again, the king of the heavens sends rain; again and again, farmers plow the field; again and again, grain is produced for the nation.

§6Again and again, the beggars wander, again and again, the donors give. Again and again, when the donors have given, again and again, they take their place in heaven.

§7A hero of vast wisdom purifies seven generations of the family in which they’re born. Sakya, I believe you’re the king of kings, since you fathered the one who is truly called a sage.

§8The father of the great seer is named Suddhodana; and the Buddha’s mother is named Māyā. Having borne the Bodhisatta in her belly, she rejoices in the Third Heaven.

§9When she died and passed away from here, she was blessed with heavenly sensual pleasures; enjoying the five kinds of sensual stimulation. Gotamī is surrounded by those hosts of gods.”

§10“I’m the son of the Buddha, the incomparable Aṅgīrasa, the unaffected, the bearer of the unbearable. You, Sakya, are my father’s father; Gotama, you are my grandfather in the Dhamma.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does this poem's speaker urge the Buddha to do?
Correct: A. 'Let the Sākiyans and Koliyans see you, heading west across the Rohiṇī river.'
Question 2 of 10
How does this poem differ from most poems opening a new book in this collection?
Correct: B. Advocacy and description, rather than personal spiritual autobiography.
Question 3 of 10
What season do the first three verses describe?
Correct: C. Some of the most concretely observed natural description in this collection.
Question 4 of 10
What personal reflection does the extended fourth verse pause on?
Correct: D. 'The hope that I stand for: may it succeed!'
Question 5 of 10
What names does the eighth verse give directly?
Correct: A. Specific biographical detail about the Buddha's own family, unusual within this collection.
Question 6 of 10
What does the poem say happened to the Buddha's mother after her death?
Correct: B. A piece of early Buddhist cosmology rarely stated this specifically elsewhere in this collection.
Question 7 of 10
What claim does the closing verse make?
Correct: C. Addressing the Buddha by both clan name and personal name in the same breath.
Question 8 of 10
How many poems make up the Book of the Tens, and in how many chapters?
Correct: D. Confirmed fresh against bilara-data, continuing the single-chapter pattern of every book since the Threes.
Question 9 of 10
What do the fifth and sixth verses reflect on?
Correct: A. 'Again and again, they sow the seed... again and again, they take their place in heaven.'
Question 10 of 10
What river does the seventh verse... rather, what river does the third verse mention crossing?
Correct: B. 'Heading west across the Rohiṇī river,' toward the Sākiyan and Koliyan lands.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0