Theragatha · 4.10

Dhammika

Dhammika — The Book of the Fours · Chapter One · Poem 10 of 12

Setting
General teaching, in two separately marked quoted units, without a translated attribution
Speaker
Dhammika, teaching on Dhamma's protection, then an unnamed description of attainment
Form
Four four-line verses — three quoted as one unit on Dhamma, a fourth quoted separately
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — plain vocabulary, a notable quotation split

Why this text

‘Dhamma surely protects one who practices Dhamma’, the poem opens, contrasting Dhamma and what is not Dhamma across three verses — then a separately quoted fourth verse shifts to the third person: ‘the boil has been burst from its root, the net of craving is eradicated... he's like the full moon on a bright night’.

Reading guide

A quotation split, 3 verses then 1

The Pali marks the first three verses as one continuous quoted unit, opening and closing together, and the fourth verse as a separate quotation of its own. This chapter has already met multi-part quoted structures at Thag 4.7's mirrored halves in spirit if not in device; here the split runs 3+1 rather than any even division, and — with no comment surviving for this poem, as for the whole chapter — this reading guide does not attempt to assign the two quoted units to different speakers, only notes that the Pali marks them as distinct.

Dhamma and its opposite, given no equal outcome

The second verse states the contrast plainly: ‘it's not the case that Dhamma and what is not Dhamma lead to the same results’ — ‘what is not Dhamma leads to hell, while Dhamma takes you to a good place’, a direct rejection of any moral equivalence between the two paths.

A third person, left unidentified

The closing verse shifts from the second-person exhortation of the third verse (‘you should rouse up enthusiasm’) to a third-person description: ‘he has ended transmigration, he has nothing, he's like the full moon on a bright night’. The poem does not say whether this describes Dhammika himself, in the third-person self-naming style this collection has met before, or an unnamed exemplar held up as the fruit of the teaching just given; this reading guide leaves the ambiguity as the text presents it.

A name that may not match its likeliest namesake

This site's own Snp 2.14 (With Dhammika) features a layman named Dhammika receiving an extended set of ethical instructions from the Buddha. Unlike this collection's other signature-name cases, this reading guide is cautious rather than encouraged by the match: a verse spoken with the authority of one already firm in the teaching sits awkwardly against a questioner still being instructed in lay and monastic ethics, so no identification is proposed here.

Key terms

dhammacāriṁ — “one who practices Dhamma” — who the opening line says is protected.
adhammo... dhammo — “what is not Dhamma... Dhamma” — the second verse's direct contrast of outcomes.
chandaṁ — “enthusiasm” — what the third verse urges rousing up for the teachings.
gaṇḍamūlo — “the boil... from its root” — the image opening the poem's separately quoted final verse.
khīṇasaṁsāro — “he has ended transmigration” — describing the unnamed figure of the closing verse.

The text

The text in full: four verses, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“Dhamma surely protects one who practices Dhamma; the teaching brings happiness when practiced well. This is the benefit of practicing Dhamma: one doesn’t go to a bad destination.

§2It’s not the case that Dhamma and what is not Dhamma lead to the same results. What is not Dhamma leads to hell, while Dhamma takes you to a good place.

§3So you should rouse up enthusiasm for the teachings; such rejoicing is owing to the Holy One, the unaffected. The disciples of the best of Holy Ones are firm in the teaching; those attentive ones are led on, headed to the very best of refuges.”

§4“The boil has been burst from its root, the net of craving is eradicated. He has ended transmigration, he has nothing, he’s like the full moon on a bright night.”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does the opening verse say Dhamma does for one who practices it?
Correct: B. Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṁ.
Question 2 of 10
How does the Pali mark this poem's four verses?
Correct: D. A 3+1 split this reading guide does not assign to named speakers.
Question 3 of 10
What does the second verse say about Dhamma and what is not Dhamma?
Correct: B. A direct rejection of moral equivalence.
Question 4 of 10
What grammatical shift occurs between the third and fourth verses?
Correct: C. 'You should rouse up enthusiasm' becomes 'he has ended transmigration'.
Question 5 of 10
Does the poem specify who the third-person figure in the closing verse is?
Correct: D. This reading guide leaves the ambiguity as the text presents it.
Question 6 of 10
What already-translated poem on this site features a layman named Dhammika?
Correct: A. A layman receiving instruction in lay and monastic ethics.
Question 7 of 10
Why is this reading guide cautious about identifying this poem's Dhammika with Snp 2.14's?
Correct: B. A status mismatch, unlike this collection's more encouraged signature-name cases.
Question 8 of 10
What image opens the poem's closing, separately quoted verse?
Correct: A. Vipphoṭito gaṇḍamūlo, taṇhājālo samūhato.
Question 9 of 10
What simile closes the poem?
Correct: C. Cando yathā dosinā puṇṇamāsiyaṁ.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this poem fall in the Book of the Fours?
Correct: D. Following Nāgasamāla through Candana.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0