Theragatha · 4.9

Candana

Candana — The Book of the Fours · Chapter One · Poem 9 of 12

Setting
A meeting with his own wife and child, without a translated attribution
Speaker
Candana, recalling a moment of sudden insight
Form
Four four-line verses — a wife and child approaching, danger recognized, disillusionment, and freedom
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★☆☆☆☆ — plain narrative, a vivid central image

Why this text

Candana's wife comes to him, their son on her hip, ‘adorned with jewelry and all dressed up’ — the exact words this collection used for a street dancer at Thag 4.1 — and the same recognition follows: ‘set up like a snare of death’.

Reading guide

A wife and child, described in a dancer's words

The second verse describes Candana's own wife, ‘the mother of my son’, in language identical to Thag 4.1's street dancer: ‘adorned with jewelry and all dressed up, set up like a snare of death’. The same phrase, applied to a professional performer in one poem and to one's own family in another, extends this chapter's recurring danger-image across two very different relationships.

The same closing pair, a third time

As at Thag 4.1 and Thag 4.2, this poem's third and fourth verses — realization, disillusionment, a freed mind, the three knowledges attained — are word for word identical to those two poems' endings. Three different encounters — a dancer, a fall, a wife and child — converge on the same eight-line resolution for the third time in this single chapter.

Family, not a stranger, completing the pattern

Where Thag 4.1's danger was a public figure glimpsed in passing, this poem's is the speaker's own wife and son, greeted directly and by name of relationship (‘the mother of my son’). The chapter's shared image of adornment as danger is not limited to strangers; it reaches into the household as well.

Key terms

dāsīgaṇapurakkhatā — “surrounded by all her maids” — how Candana's wife is described approaching him.
sakaputtassa mātaraṁ — “the mother of my son” — Candana's own naming of his wife, by relationship rather than name.
alaṅkataṁ suvasanaṁ, maccupāsaṁva oḍḍitaṁ — “adorned with jewelry and all dressed up, set up like a snare of death” — identical to Thag 4.1's description of a street dancer.
yoniso manāsīkāro — “the realization... came upon me” — opening this poem's closing pair of verses, shared with Thag 4.1 and Thag 4.2.
tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṁ buddhassa sāsanaṁ — “I've attained the three knowledges and fulfilled the Buddha's instructions” — this poem's closing formula, identical to Thag 4.1's and Thag 4.2's.

The text

The text in full: four verses, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1Covered over with gold, surrounded by all her maids, with my son upon her hip, my wife came to me.

§2I saw her coming, the mother of my son, adorned with jewelry and all dressed up, set up like a snare of death.

§3Then the realization came upon me—the danger became clear, and I was firmly disillusioned.

§4Then my mind was freed—behold the clear rightness of the teaching! I’ve attained the three knowledges and fulfilled the Buddha’s instructions.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
Who approaches Candana in the first verse?
Correct: C. Covered over with gold, surrounded by all her maids.
Question 2 of 10
What description does the second verse use for Candana's wife?
Correct: A. 'Adorned with jewelry and all dressed up, set up like a snare of death.'
Question 3 of 10
What do this poem's third and fourth verses share with Thag 4.1 and Thag 4.2?
Correct: B. The third instance of this shared eight-line ending in this chapter.
Question 4 of 10
How does Candana refer to his wife, rather than by name?
Correct: A. Sakaputtassa mātaraṁ.
Question 5 of 10
How does this poem's danger differ from Thag 4.1's, in terms of relationship?
Correct: D. The shared image reaches into the household, not just the street.
Question 6 of 10
How many times does this exact 'adorned... snare of death' phrase appear across this chapter?
Correct: D. Applied to a dancer in one poem, to a wife in another.
Question 7 of 10
What accompanies Candana's wife as she approaches?
Correct: C. Dāsīgaṇapurakkhatā, aṅkena puttamādāya.
Question 8 of 10
What does 'yoniso manāsīkāro' mean?
Correct: A. Opening the closing pair of verses shared across three poems in this chapter.
Question 9 of 10
What is covered over with gold, in the first verse?
Correct: B. Jātarūpena sañchannā.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this poem fall in the Book of the Fours?
Correct: D. Following Nāgasamāla through Rāhula.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0