Theragatha · 5.1

Rājadatta

Rājadatta — The Book of the Fives · Chapter One · Poem 1 of 12

Setting
A charnel ground, without a translated attribution, opening the Book of the Fives
Speaker
Rājadatta, confessing an unexpected lapse
Form
Five four-line verses — a corpse described, desire confessed, a swift departure, realization, and freedom
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — plain vocabulary, an unusually candid confession

Why this text

A monk goes to a charnel ground and sees a woman's body, abandoned, full of worms — and where others were disgusted, sexual desire arose in Rājadatta instead, ‘as if blind to her oozing body’. He leaves ‘quicker than the cooking of rice’, and realization follows.

Reading guide

A new book, five verses to a poem

This poem opens the Book of the Fives (Pañcakanipāta), this collection's fifth structural division, following the Book of the Ones (120 poems), the Book of the Twos (49 poems), the Book of the Threes (16 poems), and the Book of the Fours (12 poems). Every poem here runs to five verses of four lines each — hence its name — and, like the two books before it, this entire book turns out to hold only one chapter of twelve poems, confirmed fresh rather than assumed.

A meditation that goes wrong before it goes right

Charnel-ground observation was a standard meditation on the body's decay. This poem does not report the practice succeeding on the first attempt: ‘some men were disgusted, seeing her dead and rotten; but sexual desire arose in me’. The confession is unflinching — no softening, no claim that the reaction was brief or minor.

An escape, timed with a striking simile

The third verse's departure is measured against an unexpected domestic image: ‘quicker than the cooking of rice, I left that place’. The urgency is comic in its precision, before the verse turns serious again: ‘mindful and aware, I retired to a discreet place’, where the realization described in the closing two verses follows.

Joining this collection's other unflinching confessions

This poem's honesty about failure before success joins a pattern already established elsewhere in this collection: Thag 4.5 (Jambuka)'s decades of self-mortification named as leading to a bad destination, and Thag 4.12 (Mudita)'s admission of going forth only to save his life. This collection does not require its speakers to have gotten things right from the start.

Key terms

sivathikaṁ — “a charnel ground” — where the poem opens, a standard site for meditation on the body's decay.
kāmarāgo pāturahu — “sexual desire arose in me” — the confession at the heart of the first half of the poem.
andhova savatī ahuṁ — “I was as if blind to her oozing body” — describing how thoroughly desire overrode the expected reaction.
satimā sampajānohaṁ — “mindful and aware” — how the speaker describes himself immediately after leaving.
yoniso manāsīkāro — “the realization... came upon me” — opening the closing pair of verses, using the same formula found repeatedly across this collection.

The text

The text in full: five verses, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1I, a monk, went to a charnel ground and saw a woman’s body abandoned there, dumped in a cemetery, full of worms that devoured.

§2Some men were disgusted, seeing her dead and rotten; but sexual desire arose in me, I was as if blind to her oozing body.

§3Quicker than the cooking of rice I left that place! Mindful and aware, I retired to a discreet place.

§4Then the realization came upon me—the danger became clear, and I was firmly disillusioned.

§5Then my mind was freed—behold the clear rightness of the teaching! I’ve attained the three knowledges and fulfilled the Buddha’s instructions.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does the poem describe in its first verse?
Correct: A. Full of worms that devoured, per the standard site for decay meditation.
Question 2 of 10
What does the second verse confess?
Correct: D. 'As if blind to her oozing body' — an unflinching admission.
Question 3 of 10
How many verses does every poem in the Book of the Fives carry, by the book's own name?
Correct: C. Pañcakanipāta — the Book of the Fives.
Question 4 of 10
How does the Book of the Fives' chapter structure compare to the Book of the Fours'?
Correct: B. Confirmed fresh, not assumed from the Book of the Fours.
Question 5 of 10
What simile measures the speed of the speaker's departure?
Correct: C. An unexpectedly domestic image for urgency.
Question 6 of 10
How does the speaker describe himself immediately after leaving?
Correct: B. Satimā sampajānohaṁ — composure recovered, not dwelt on in shame.
Question 7 of 10
What other poems in this collection also confess an unflinching failure before success?
Correct: A. A pattern of honesty about getting things wrong before getting them right.
Question 8 of 10
What does 'kāmarāgo pāturahu' mean?
Correct: A. The confession at the heart of the poem's first half.
Question 9 of 10
How many poems does this book comprise, in a single chapter?
Correct: B. This collection's fifth book-length division.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this poem fall in this collection's overall structure?
Correct: D. This collection's fifth book-length division, following the Book of the Fours.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0