Theragatha · 5.12

Kosiya

Kosiya — The Book of the Fives · Chapter One · Poem 12 of 12

Setting
General teaching, closing this book's single chapter and the whole Book of the Fives
Speaker
Kosiya, cataloguing the astute person's qualities
Form
Five four-line verses sharing an identical closing line, followed by this book's own closing structure
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★☆☆☆☆ — plain vocabulary, exceptional structural weight

Why this text

Five times over, Kosiya names a different quality of the astute person — devoted, strong, unfaltering, learned, a master of meaning — each verse closing on the identical line, ‘knowing the teachings, they're distinguished’. His poem closes not only this chapter, but the entire Book of the Fives: twelve poems, now complete.

Reading guide

Five qualities, one shared closing line

Unlike this book's other refrain poems, which repeat an opening couplet, this poem repeats its closing line across all five verses: ‘ñatvā ca dhammesu visesi assa’, ‘knowing the teachings, they're distinguished’. Each verse names a different quality building toward that same distinction — devotion, strength under stress, oceanic steadiness, deep learning, and finally mastery of meaning itself, closing the sequence on comprehension put into action.

No separate chapter marker, as with every book this size so far

As with Thag 3.16 and Thag 4.12, this book has only one chapter, so the Pali moves directly from this poem's attribution to Pañcakanipāto niṭṭhito, ‘the Book of the Fives is concluded’, with no separate chapter-closing marker at all.

A name-list uddāna with no epithets at all

The Tatruddānaṁ that follows names all twelve elders in sequence — Rājadatta, Subhūta, Girimānanda, Sumana, Vaḍḍha, Kassapa (abbreviating Nadīkassapa), Gayākassapa, Vakkalī, Vijita (abbreviating Vijitasena), Yasadatta, Soṇa, and ‘the one named Kosiya’ — without adding a single epithet to any of them, the plainest name list this collection has produced at a book's close, after the Book of the Ones' praise verse, the Book of the Twos' single epithet, the Book of the Threes' double epithet, and the Book of the Fours' mixed pattern.

A tally that once again doesn't quite add up

The book's final summary verse states ‘sixty-five verses... twelve elders here’ (saṭṭhi ca pañca gāthāyo, therā ca ettha dvādasā). Twelve elders is exactly right. But this book's own name, Pañcaka (‘the Fives’), implies five verses per poem — twelve poems times five is sixty, not sixty-five, even accounting for the two poems (Thag 5.5 and Thag 5.10) whose final verse runs to six lines rather than four. This is the second time in this collection a book's own closing tally has not straightforwardly matched its content, after the Book of the Fours' closing verse; this reading guide reports the number as the source text gives it, without proposing a resolution.

48 poems complete across four books, a fifth now joining them

With this poem, the Book of the Fives is complete on this site: twelve poems, following the Book of the Ones (120), the Book of the Twos (49), the Book of the Threes (16), and the Book of the Fours (12). The running total now stands at 209 of 264. Sixteen further books remain, each needing its own structure, attribution pattern, and closing conventions checked fresh, exactly as this book's own single-chapter structure and five-verse form had to be confirmed rather than assumed from the Book of the Fours.

Key terms

ñatvā ca dhammesu visesi assa — “knowing the teachings, they're distinguished” — the identical line closing all five of this poem's verses.
asaṁhāriyo — “unfaltering” — steady as the ocean, the quality named in the third verse.
Pañcakanipāto niṭṭhito — “the Book of the Fives is concluded” — this book's sole closing marker, with no separate chapter-level marker preceding it.
dvādasa — “twelve” — the correct count of elders given in the book's closing tally.
saṭṭhi ca pañca gāthāyo — “sixty-five verses” — a count this reading guide has not been able to straightforwardly reconcile with the book's own twelve poems of five verses each.

The text

The text in full: five verses, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1Whatever attentive one, understanding their teacher’s words, stays with them, their fondness growing; that astute person is indeed devoted—knowing the teachings, they’re distinguished.

§2When extreme stresses arise, one who does not tremble, but reflects instead, that astute person is indeed strong—knowing the teachings, they’re distinguished.

§3Steady as the ocean, imperturbable, their wisdom is deep, they see the subtle meaning; that astute person is indeed unfaltering—knowing the teachings, they’re distinguished.

§4They’re very learned, and have memorized the teaching, living in line with the teaching—that astute person is indeed such—knowing the teachings, they’re distinguished.

§5They know the meaning of what is said, and act accordingly; that astute person is indeed a master of meaning—knowing the teachings, they’re distinguished.

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What line do all five of this poem's verses share?
Correct: C. Unlike this book's other refrain poems, which repeat an opening couplet instead.
Question 2 of 10
What quality does the third verse name?
Correct: B. Asaṁhāriyo — deep wisdom, seeing the subtle meaning.
Question 3 of 10
What marks this poem's transition from chapter close to book close?
Correct: B. As with Thag 3.16 and Thag 4.12.
Question 4 of 10
How does this book's closing name list compare to earlier books' uddānas?
Correct: C. After the Book of the Ones' praise verse, the Twos' single epithet, the Threes' double epithet, and the Fours' mixed pattern.
Question 5 of 10
What does the book's final closing verse state, in terms of verses and elders?
Correct: D. The second time in this collection a closing tally has not simply matched its content.
Question 6 of 10
What is the correct number of elders in this book, confirmed by both the poems and the name list?
Correct: B. Matching the closing tally's own count of elders, even where the verse count is unclear.
Question 7 of 10
What is the running total of poems completed on this site after this poem, out of 264?
Correct: D. 120 + 49 + 16 + 12 + 12.
Question 8 of 10
What quality does the first verse name?
Correct: A. Bhattimā — the first of five qualities named in sequence.
Question 9 of 10
What quality does the fifth verse name, closing the sequence?
Correct: A. Atthantaro — comprehension put into action, closing the progression.
Question 10 of 10
What is the next book in the Theragātha, following this one?
Correct: A. Its own structure and conventions still need a fresh check before work continues.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0