Therigatha · 10.1

Kisāgotamī

Kisāgotamī — The Book of the Elevens · Poem 1 of 1

Setting
No narrative setting beyond what the verses state; a closing line names the speaker inside the quotation itself
Speaker
Kisāgotamī, quoting the Buddha's teaching twice, then narrating her own catastrophic losses
Form
Eleven four-line verses, the entire Book of the Elevens
Length
under 2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
Later tradition and popular retelling know Kisāgotamī chiefly through the mustard-seed parable about a single child's death; this reading guide notes that this verse itself tells a different, more extensive story.
Difficulty
★★★★★ — one of the most extensive catalogs of loss anywhere in this collection

Why this text

This poem is cited as Thig 10.1, but its own title names it ‘the Book of the Elevens’ — the traditional collection has no separate ‘Book of the Tens’ at all, its books named by each poet's own verse count rather than by sequential number. Kisāgotamī's own account here is far more extensive than the single-child mustard-seed story many readers may already know: a husband found dead on the road, two children lost, and her parents and brother all burning on one funeral pyre.

Reading guide

A citation number with no matching book name

‘Thig 10.1’ might suggest a ‘Book of the Tens’, but this poem's own second line names it ‘Ekādasakanipāta’, the Book of the Elevens — the traditional collection's books skip directly from the Nines to the Elevens, then the Twelves, the Sixteens, the Twenties, and beyond, named by verse count rather than sequential number.

Two teachings, quoted before her own account begins

Kisāgotamī opens by quoting a general teaching on good friendship leading to the four noble truths, then a second, more specific teaching — ‘a woman's life is painful... after giving birth just once, some women even cut their own throat’ — which Sujato's own note identifies as her quoting or paraphrasing the Buddha directly.

A catalog of loss more extensive than the familiar story

‘I saw my husband dead... my two children have died... mother, father, and brother all burning up on the same pyre’ describes a cascading tragedy far beyond the single child's death most readers associate with her — that popular mustard-seed parable belongs to later commentary, not to what this verse itself states.

Realization found in a charnel ground, not despite the horror but within it

‘While staying in the charnel ground, I saw my son's flesh being eaten... and my husband dead, I realized freedom from death’ places her breakthrough at the site of the worst of it, closing with a third-person line — ‘the senior nun Kisāgotamī, her mind released, said this’ — folded inside the same quotation as her own final first-person words.

Key terms

Kisāgotamī — this poem's speaker, whose own account describes a far more extensive tragedy than the single-child story later tradition made famous.
kalyāṇamittatā — “good friendship” — the theme of the teaching this poem opens by quoting.
purisadammasārathi — “guide for those who wish to train”, an epithet for the Buddha, marking the second teaching this poem quotes as specifically his.
dhammādāsa — “the mirror of the Dhamma” — the specific image Kisāgotamī uses for how she verified her own extinguishment.
amata — “freedom from death” or the deathless — named twice as what she achieved, amid a poem saturated with death.

The text

The text in full: two quoted teachings, her own account of loss, a reply, and her realization, closing with a third-person line inside the same quotation. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“Pointing out how the world works, the sages have praised good friendship. Associating with good friends, even a fool becomes astute. Associate with true persons, for that is how wisdom grows. Should you associate with true persons, you would be freed from all suffering. And you would understand suffering, its origin and cessation, the eightfold path, and so the four noble truths.”

§2“‘A woman’s life is painful,’ explained the Buddha, guide for those who wish to train, ‘and for a co-wife it’s especially so. After giving birth just once, some women even cut their own throat, while delicate ladies take poison. Being guilty of killing a person, they both undergo ruin.’”

§3“I was on the road, near to giving birth, when I saw my husband dead. I gave birth there on the road before I’d reached my own house. My two children have died, and on the road my husband lies dead—oh woe is me! Mother, father, and brother all burning up on the same pyre.”

§4“Oh woe is you whose family is lost, the suffering you have undergone has no measure; you have been shedding tears for many thousands of lives.”

§5“While staying in the charnel ground, I saw my son’s flesh being eaten. With my family destroyed, condemned by all, and my husband dead, I realized freedom from death.

§6I’ve developed the noble eightfold path leading to freedom from death. I’ve realized extinguishment, as seen in the mirror of the Dhamma.

§7I’ve plucked out the dart, laid down the burden, and done what needed to be done.” The senior nun Kisāgotamī, her mind released, said this.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does this poem's own title name its book, despite being cited as Thig 10.1?
Correct: D. The traditional collection has no separate Book of the Tens at all.
Question 2 of 10
What two teachings does Kisāgotamī quote before her own account begins?
Correct: C. Two distinct quoted teachings, the second explicitly identified as the Buddha's own words.
Question 3 of 10
How does this poem's account of loss compare to the popular mustard-seed story?
Correct: A. The popular story belongs to later commentary, not to what this verse itself states.
Question 4 of 10
Where does Kisāgotamī say she realized freedom from death?
Correct: C. Breakthrough located at the site of the worst of her grief, not apart from it.
Question 5 of 10
What happens to her mother, father, and brother, according to this poem?
Correct: D. Named directly as part of her cascading losses.
Question 6 of 10
What does 'dhammādāsa' mean?
Correct: B. Her own specific image for confirming her realization.
Question 7 of 10
How does this poem's final lines describe Kisāgotamī, while still inside the same quotation as her own words?
Correct: A. A structural peculiarity: third-person narration folded inside the same quotation mark.
Question 8 of 10
What does 'purisadammasārathi' refer to?
Correct: B. Naming the source of the second quoted teaching specifically.
Question 9 of 10
What position does this poem hold in the Therigatha?
Correct: C. The sole poem in this book, following Thig 9.1.
Question 10 of 10
What does 'amata' mean?
Correct: A. A pointed word choice, given how much death this poem describes.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0