Udāna · Heartfelt Sayings 3.3

With Yasoja

Yasojasutta

Setting
Begins at Sāvatthī, moves to the Vaggumudā riverbank, concludes at Vesālī in the hall with the peaked roof
Speakers
The Buddha, Venerable Ānanda, and Venerable Yasoja
Form
An extended narrative — a sharp dismissal, a silent breakthrough, and a wordless nighttime test — closing with a four-line verse
Length
~4 minutes to read
Chapter
Third discourse of the Nandavagga, the third chapter of the Udāna (Ud 3.1–3.10)
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a longer story but a simple sequence of events

Why this discourse, third of the Nandavagga

A blunt rebuke, a dismissal that reads as harsh, and then — the discourse insists — exactly the outcome the Buddha intended all along. This is a story about reading a teacher’s severity correctly, and about a kind of communication that needs no words at all: five hundred mendicants and the Buddha, sitting through an entire night in identical, silent meditation, each recognizing what the other is doing without being told.

Reading guide

A noisy arrival, a sharp rebuke

Five hundred mendicants led by Yasoja arrive at Sāvatthī and, simply settling in — greeting the residents, sorting lodgings, putting away bowls and robes — make enough noise that the Buddha asks Ānanda who’s “making that colossal racket—you’d think it was fishermen hauling in a catch!” The image is deliberately undignified, almost comic, and the Buddha repeats it to the mendicants’ faces before dismissing all five hundred of them on the spot: “Go away, mendicants, I dismiss you. You are not to stay in my presence.”

Dismissal read as compassion, not punishment

What the mendicants do next is the discourse’s real turn. Rather than treating the rejection as a grievance, Yasoja reframes it for the group immediately: “Out of sympathy, reverends, the Buddha dismissed us, wanting what’s best for us. Come, let us live in such a way that the Buddha would be pleased with us.” That reading — taking apparent harshness as an act of care — is itself the turning point. Retreating to the Vaggumudā riverbank for the rains, all five hundred realize the three knowledges in a single season.

Two silences, one meditation

Sensing their attainment from a distance (“a light… has arisen in this quarter”), the Buddha summons them to Vesālī. When they arrive by psychic power, they find him already absorbed in imperturbable meditation — and without a word passing between them, they infer what he’s doing and join him in the same state. Ānanda interrupts three times across the three watches of the night, asking the Buddha to greet the visitors properly; three times the Buddha simply says nothing. Only afterward does he explain: “Both I and these five hundred mendicants have been sitting in imperturbable meditation.” The silence itself was the reunion — a shared attainment recognized without any need to announce it.

The verse, and a pattern in this chapter

The closing verse names “the thorn of sensuality—and abuse, killing, and caging” as what this mendicant has beaten, closing on the same phrase that ended the previous discourse: “trembles not at pleasure and pain.” Read together, Ud 3.2 and Ud 3.3 form a small pair — one about a single monk overcoming a private desire, one about five hundred overcoming a public humiliation — arriving at the identical description of what steadiness actually looks like.

Key terms

āneñjasamādhi — “imperturbable meditation” — the deep, unshakeable concentration the Buddha and the five hundred mendicants share, silently and simultaneously, through the night.
tevijjā — the “three knowledges” (recollection of past lives, the divine eye, and the ending of defilements) that Yasoja’s group all realize during their single rains retreat by the Vaggumudā.
“a light… has arisen” — the Buddha’s own idiom, from Vesālī, for sensing at a distance that the mendicants on the Vaggumudā riverbank have made a breakthrough.
“fishermen hauling in a catch” — the Buddha’s blunt, almost comic simile for the mendicants’ noise on arrival — the provocation that leads to their dismissal.
the three watches of the night — the traditional division of the night used to structure Ānanda’s three unanswered requests, until the Buddha finally emerges from meditation near dawn.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. Now at that time five hundred mendicants headed by Yasoja arrived at Sāvatthī to see the Buddha. At that, those visiting mendicants, while exchanging pleasantries with the resident mendicants, preparing their lodgings, and putting away their bowls and robes, made a colossal racket.

§2Then the Buddha said to Venerable Ānanda, “Ānanda, who’s making that colossal racket? You’d think it was fishermen hauling in a catch!” “Sir, those five hundred mendicants headed by Yasoja have arrived at Sāvatthī to see the Buddha. It’s those visiting mendicants who, while exchanging pleasantries with the resident mendicants, preparing their lodgings, and putting away their bowls and robes, made a colossal racket.” “Well then, Ānanda, in my name tell those mendicants that the teacher summons them.”

§3–4“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied. He went to those mendicants and said, “Venerables, the teacher summons you.” “Yes, reverend,” replied those mendicants. Then they rose from their seats and went to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down to one side. The Buddha said to them, “Mendicants, what’s with that colossal racket? You’d think it was fishermen hauling in a catch!” When he said this, Venerable Yasoja said to the Buddha, “Sir, these five hundred mendicants have arrived at Sāvatthī to see the Buddha. It’s these visiting mendicants who, while exchanging pleasantries with the resident mendicants, preparing their lodgings, and putting away their bowls and robes, made a colossal racket.” “Go away, mendicants, I dismiss you. You are not to stay in my presence.”

§5–6“Yes, sir,” replied those mendicants. They rose from their seats, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on their right. They set their lodgings in order and left, taking their bowls and robes. Traveling stage by stage in the land of the Vajjis, they arrived at the Vaggumudā River. They built leaf huts near the riverbank and there they entered the rainy season. Then Venerable Yasoja, having entered the rainy season, addressed the mendicants: “Out of sympathy, reverends, the Buddha dismissed us, wanting what’s best for us. Come, let us live in such a way that the Buddha would be pleased with us.” “Yes, reverend,” they replied. Then those mendicants, living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, all realized the three knowledges in that same rainy season.

§7When the Buddha had stayed in Sāvatthī as long as he pleased, he set out for Vesālī. Traveling stage by stage, he arrived at Vesālī, where he stayed in the hall with the peaked roof.

§8–9Then, having applied his mind to encompassing the minds of the mendicants staying on the bank of the river Vaggumudā, the Buddha said to Venerable Ānanda, “A light, it appears to me, has arisen in this quarter, Ānanda; a brightness has arisen. I’m not put off at the thought of going to where the mendicants are staying on the bank of the river Vaggumudā. Send a message to those mendicants: ‘Venerables, the teacher summons you. He wants to see you.’” “Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied. He went to one of the mendicants and said, “Please, Reverend, go to the mendicants staying on the bank of the river Vaggumudā and say to them, ‘Venerables, the teacher summons you. He wants to see you.’”

§10–11“Yes, reverend,” replied that mendicant. Then, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, he vanished from the Great Wood, in the hall with the peaked roof, and reappeared in front of those mendicants on the bank of the river Vaggumudā. Then he said to those mendicants, “Venerables, the teacher summons you. He wants to see you.” “Yes, reverend,” replied those mendicants. They set their lodgings in order and took their bowls and robes. Then, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, they vanished from the bank of the river Vaggumudā, and reappeared in the presence of the Buddha in the Great Wood, in the hall with the peaked roof. But at that time the Buddha was sitting immersed in imperturbable meditation. Then those mendicants thought, “What kind of meditation is the Buddha practicing right now?” They thought, “He is practicing the imperturbable meditation.” They all sat in imperturbable meditation.

§12–14And then, as the night was getting late, in the first watch of the night, Venerable Ānanda rose from his seat, arranged his robe over one shoulder, raised his cupped palms toward the Buddha and said, “Sir, the night is getting late. It is the first watch of the night, and the visiting mendicants have been sitting long. Sir, please greet the visiting mendicants.” But the Buddha kept silent. For a second time, as the night was getting late, in the middle watch of the night, Ānanda rose from his seat, arranged his robe over one shoulder, raised his cupped palms toward the Buddha and said, “Sir, the night is getting late. It is the second watch of the night, and the visiting mendicants have been sitting long. Sir, please greet the visiting mendicants.” But for a second time the Buddha kept silent. For a third time, as the night was getting late, in the last watch of the night, as dawn stirred, bringing joy to the night, Ānanda rose from his seat, arranged his robe over one shoulder, raised his cupped palms toward the Buddha and said, “Sir, the night is getting late. It is the last watch of the night; dawn stirs, bringing joy to the night, and the visiting mendicants have been sitting long. Sir, please greet the visiting mendicants.”

§15Then the Buddha emerged from that immersion and addressed Ānanda, “If you’d known, Ānanda, you wouldn’t have said so much. Both I and these five hundred mendicants have been sitting in imperturbable meditation.”

§16Then, understanding this matter, on that occasion the Buddha expressed this heartfelt sentiment:

§17“A mendicant who has beaten the thorn of sensuality—
and abuse, killing, and caging—
steady as a mountain, imperturbable,
trembles not at pleasure and pain.”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
Why does the Buddha ask Ānanda about a “colossal racket”?
Correct: A. The noise comes from ordinary arrival activities — greetings, sorting lodgings, and bowls and robes.
Question 2 of 10
What does the Buddha compare the noise to?
Correct: A. He uses this exact simile twice, first to Ānanda and then to the mendicants’ faces.
Question 3 of 10
What does the Buddha do to the visiting mendicants after rebuking them?
Correct: B. This blunt dismissal is what the group must then decide how to interpret.
Question 4 of 10
How does Yasoja interpret the dismissal to the other mendicants?
Correct: B. Yasoja reframes it immediately, and the group responds by intensifying their practice.
Question 5 of 10
What happens during the rains retreat by the Vaggumudā River?
Correct: B. Living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, they all attain the tevijjā in that one season.
Question 6 of 10
What does the Buddha sense from a distance while at Vesālī?
Correct: B. This is the Buddha’s own idiom for perceiving their breakthrough without being told.
Question 7 of 10
What state is the Buddha in when the summoned mendicants arrive by psychic power?
Correct: B. They find him already immersed, and quietly join him in the same state.
Question 8 of 10
How many times does Ānanda ask the Buddha to greet the visiting mendicants, and what happens each time?
Correct: B. Ānanda repeats the same request at the start of each watch, and is met with silence until near dawn.
Question 9 of 10
Why did the Buddha stay silent instead of responding to Ānanda?
Correct: B. He explains this himself once he emerges: “Both I and these five hundred mendicants have been sitting in imperturbable meditation.”
Question 10 of 10
What does the closing verse describe?
Correct: A. The verse closes the discourse with this image of unshakeable steadiness.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0