Udāna · Soṇavagga · Discourse 5.8

Schism in the Saṅgha

Saṅghabhedasutta

Setting
Near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground
Figures
Devadatta, Venerable Ānanda, and the Buddha
Occasion
Devadatta announces to Ānanda, during an alms round, his intention to split the Saṅgha
Length
~1 minute to read
Chapter
Soṇavagga (Ud 5.1–5.10), the fifth of the Udāna’s eight chapters — named for Ud 5.6, “With Soṇa”
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a very short scene carrying real historical weight

Why this heartfelt saying

This is one of the shortest texts in the entire chapter, and it captures only a single moment: Devadatta telling Ānanda, in passing, that he will start performing the Saṅgha’s formal proceedings separately. There is no argument here, no backstory, no confrontation — just an announcement, a report, and four lines of verse.

Reading guide

A brief, chilling announcement

Ānanda is on an ordinary alms round in Rājagaha when Devadatta approaches him directly and says: “From this day forth, Reverend Ānanda, I shall perform the sabbath and legal proceedings of the Saṅgha apart from the Buddha and the Saṅgha of mendicants.” That is the entirety of what Devadatta says in this sutta. There is no stated grievance, no argument about doctrine or discipline, no exchange of views — simply a flat declaration of intent, delivered to a fellow mendicant on the road.

What this text does not tell us

It is worth being direct about the limits of this particular sutta: it does not narrate why Devadatta wanted to separate, what specific proposals or disagreements led to this point, what happened afterward, or how the schism was eventually resolved. The wider, much better-known account of Devadatta’s ambitions, his proposed ascetic rules, and the events surrounding this rift comes from the Vinaya’s Cullavagga and other sources outside the Udāna — not from this brief scene. What this sutta preserves is something narrower and, in its way, starker: the exact moment the intention was spoken aloud to another person, and how the Buddha responded to hearing about it.

Ānanda as witness, not commentator

Ānanda’s report to the Buddha is almost as terse as Devadatta’s announcement: he simply relays what happened and adds his own reading of its significance — “Today, sir, Devadatta will split the Saṅgha. He will perform the sabbath and legal proceedings of the Saṅgha.” The performing of the sabbath and legal proceedings “apart from” the rest of the community is, notably, the precise technical marker of a formal schism (saṅghabheda) in the tradition — not merely disagreement, but a rival administrative structure.

The verse: an asymmetry of moral effort

The Buddha’s response doesn’t mention Devadatta by name, argue with the plan, or attempt to intervene within the text as given. He speaks a single observation with a tight, mirrored structure: “It’s easy for the good to do good, but for the bad, doing good is hard. For the bad, it’s easy to do bad, but for the noble ones, doing bad is hard.” Read against the scene that prompts it, the verse doesn’t explain Devadatta’s motives — it simply names a pattern the tradition takes to be true of character generally: what comes easily to a person, in either direction, tracks who they already are.

Key terms

saṅghabheda — “schism in the Saṅgha” — the sutta’s own Pali title, and one of the gravest offenses recognized anywhere in the tradition.
uposatha and saṅghakamma — “the sabbath” and “legal proceedings” — the two specific formal functions Devadatta says he will now perform separately, the technical marker of a genuine administrative split rather than mere disagreement.
Devadatta — here shown making a single terse announcement to Ānanda; the wider narrative of his ambitions and proposals belongs to the Vinaya’s Cullavagga, not to this brief scene.
the verse’s chiasmus — good/good easy, bad/good hard, bad/bad easy, noble/bad hard — a mirrored structure naming an asymmetry in moral effort rather than assigning blame directly.
Ānanda’s report — “Today, sir, Devadatta will split the Saṅgha” — Ānanda states the fact and its significance plainly, without editorializing further.

The text

The discourse in full: Devadatta’s announcement to Ānanda, Ānanda’s report to the Buddha, and the Buddha’s verse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. Now at that time Venerable Ānanda robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Rājagaha for alms.

§2Devadatta saw him wandering for alms, so he went up to him and said, “From this day forth, Reverend Ānanda, I shall perform the sabbath and legal proceedings of the Saṅgha apart from the Buddha and the Saṅgha of mendicants.”

§3–4Then Ānanda wandered for alms in Rājagaha. After the meal, on his return from almsround, he went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and told him what had just happened, adding: “Today, sir, Devadatta will split the Saṅgha. He will perform the sabbath and legal proceedings of the Saṅgha.”

§5Then, understanding this matter, on that occasion the Buddha expressed this heartfelt sentiment:

§6“It’s easy for the good to do good,
but for the bad, doing good is hard.
For the bad, it’s easy to do bad,
but for the noble ones, doing bad is hard.”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What is Ānanda doing when Devadatta approaches him?
Correct: B. Ānanda “robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Rājagaha for alms.”
Question 2 of 10
What exactly does Devadatta say to Ānanda?
Correct: B. This flat declaration of intent is the entirety of what Devadatta says in this sutta.
Question 3 of 10
Does the sutta explain why Devadatta wants to separate?
Correct: B. This particular sutta preserves only the moment of announcement, not the motives or aftermath.
Question 4 of 10
What does Ānanda tell the Buddha after the encounter?
Correct: B. “Today, sir, Devadatta will split the Saṅgha. He will perform the sabbath and legal proceedings of the Saṅgha.”
Question 5 of 10
According to the reading guide, what specifically marks this as a formal schism (saṅghabheda) rather than mere disagreement?
Correct: B. The technical marker is the separate performance of these two specific formal functions.
Question 6 of 10
How does the Buddha respond to the news?
Correct: C. The text shows only the verse as his response, with no further action narrated.
Question 7 of 10
What does the Buddha’s verse say about the good and the bad?
Correct: B. The verse’s mirrored structure describes an asymmetry: what’s easy or hard tracks who a person already is.
Question 8 of 10
Where is this sutta set?
Correct: B. “At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground.”
Question 9 of 10
Where does the fuller, well-known account of Devadatta’s ambitions and the schism’s causes actually come from, according to the reading guide?
Correct: B. The reading guide is explicit that this brief scene doesn’t cover that ground — readers wanting the fuller story should look to the Vinaya.
Question 10 of 10
What is the Pali title of this sutta and what does it mean?
Correct: B. Saṅghabhedasutta names the event directly: schism in the community.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0