Part 5 of the collection · Fascicle 2 of 80 · 世主妙嚴品第一之二(終) · T279

The Descent Continues to the Sun and Moon

Part 4 began fascicle two's descent through the same classes of world-lord named in fascicle one, from Maheśvara at the summit of the form realm down through the Brahmā heavens. This installment continues that descent through the remaining heavens of the desire realm — Nirmāṇarati, Tuṣita, Yāma, and the Heaven of the Thirty-Three — down to the devaputras of the sun and moon, completing fascicle two's verse-sequence in full. Each class follows the same pattern already established: every king restated with his own distinct liberation gateway, then one king speaking a verse on the class's behalf, each stanza of it naming another king from the same class.

Translator: Ru-Yi Meditation Center Status: Part 5 — completes fascicle 2 Source: Taishō T279 (Śikṣānanda, Tang, 695–699 CE)

The Devas of the Nirmāṇarati Heaven

Chinese Source

復次,善化天王,得開示一切業變化力解脫門;寂靜音光明天王,得捨離一切攀緣解脫門;變化力光明天王,得普滅一切眾生癡暗心令智慧圓滿解脫門;莊嚴主天王,得示現無邊悅意聲解脫門;念光天王,得了知一切佛無盡福德相解脫門;最上雲音天王,得普知過去一切劫成壞次第解脫門;勝光天王,得開悟一切眾生智解脫門;妙髻天王,得舒光疾滿十方虛空界解脫門;喜慧天王,得一切所作無能壞精進力解脫門;華光髻天王,得知一切眾生業所受報解脫門;普見十方天王,得示現不思議眾生形類差別解脫門。

Ru-Yi Translation

Furthermore, the Deva King of Skillful Transformation attained the liberation gateway of revealing the transformative power of every karmic act. The Deva King of Tranquil Voice's Light attained the liberation gateway of relinquishing every grasping condition. The Deva King of Transforming Power's Light attained the liberation gateway of universally extinguishing the deluded, darkened mind of every living being and perfecting their wisdom. The Deva King, Lord of Adornment, attained the liberation gateway of manifesting a boundless, delightful voice. The Deva King of Mindful Light attained the liberation gateway of understanding the inexhaustible mark of merit of every buddha. The Deva King of the Supreme Cloud-Voice attained the liberation gateway of universally knowing the sequence of arising and destruction of every kalpa in the past. The Deva King of Supreme Light attained the liberation gateway of the wisdom that awakens every living being. The Deva King of the Wondrous Topknot attained the liberation gateway of unfurling light that swiftly fills the realm of space in the ten directions. The Deva King of Joyful Wisdom attained the liberation gateway of the power of diligence, unbreakable in every undertaking. The Deva King of the Flower-Light Topknot attained the liberation gateway of knowing the retribution every living being receives for their karma. And the Deva King Universally Beholding the Ten Directions attained the liberation gateway of manifesting the inconceivable variety of forms and kinds among living beings.

Chinese Source

爾時,善化天王,承佛威力,普觀一切善化天眾而說頌言:

「世間業性不思議,佛為群迷悉開示,
巧說因緣真實理,一切眾生差別業。
種種觀佛無所有,十方求覓不可得,
法身示現無真實,此法寂音之所見。

佛於劫海修諸行,為滅世間癡暗惑,
是故清淨最照明,此是力光心所悟。
世間所有妙音聲,無有能比如來音,
佛以一音遍十方,入此解脫莊嚴主。

世間所有眾福力,不與如來一相等,
如來福德同虛空,此念光天所觀見。
三世所有無量劫,如其成敗種種相,
佛一毛孔皆能現,最上雲音所了知。

十方虛空可知量,佛毛孔量不可得,
如是無礙不思議,妙髻天王已能悟。
佛於曩世無量劫,具修廣大波羅蜜,
勤行精進無厭怠,喜慧能知此法門。

業性因緣不可思,佛為世間皆演說,
法性本淨無諸垢,此是華光之入處。
汝應觀佛一毛孔,一切眾生悉在中,
彼亦不來亦不去,此普見王之所了。」

Ru-Yi Translation

At that time, the Deva King of Skillful Transformation, sustained by the Buddha's majestic power, universally beheld the whole assembly of Nirmāṇarati devas, and spoke a verse, saying:

"The nature of karma in the world is inconceivable, yet the Buddha reveals it fully to the deluded multitude,
skillfully teaching the true principle of causes and conditions, and the distinct karma of every living being.
Contemplating the Buddha in every way, one finds him to be nothing at all; sought throughout the ten directions, he cannot be found;
his Dharma-body manifests without any fixed reality — this the Deva King of Tranquil Voice's Light beholds.

The Buddha, across an ocean of kalpas, cultivated every practice, so as to extinguish the deluded darkness of the world;
and so his purity shines forth supreme — this is what the Deva King of Transforming Power's Light has realized in his mind.
Of every wondrous sound that exists in the world, none can compare to the Tathāgata's own voice;
with a single voice the Buddha pervades the ten directions — the Deva King, Lord of Adornment, has entered this liberation.

Of every power of blessing that exists in the world, not one is equal even in part to the Tathāgata's own;
the Tathāgata's merit is like empty space itself — this the Deva King of Mindful Light beholds.
Every immeasurable kalpa of the three periods of time, in all the various forms of its arising and passing away,
the Buddha is able to manifest within a single pore — this the Deva King of the Supreme Cloud-Voice fully understands.

The extent of space in the ten directions might be known and measured, yet the measure of the Buddha's pore cannot be found;
such unobstructed inconceivability the Deva King of the Wondrous Topknot has already awakened to.
The Buddha, across immeasurable kalpas of ages past, fully cultivated the vast pāramitās,
practicing with diligence and never growing weary — the Deva King of Joyful Wisdom is able to know this Dharma-gateway.

The causes and conditions of karma's nature are inconceivable, and yet the Buddha expounds them fully for the world's sake;
the nature of the Dharma is originally pure, free of every defilement — this is where the Deva King of Flower-Light enters.
You should behold how, within a single pore of the Buddha, every living being dwells entirely,
and yet neither comes there nor goes from there — this the Deva King Universally Beholding has fully understood."

The Devas of the Tuṣita Heaven

Chinese Source

復次,知足天王,得一切佛出興世圓滿教輪解脫門;喜樂海髻天王,得盡虛空界清淨光明身解脫門;最勝功德幢天王,得消滅世間苦淨願海解脫門;寂靜光天王,得普現身說法解脫門;善目天王,得普淨一切眾生界解脫門;寶峯月天王,得普化世間常現前無盡藏解脫門;勇健力天王,得開示一切佛正覺境界解脫門;金剛妙光天王,得堅固一切眾生菩提心令不可壞解脫門;星宿幢天王,得一切佛出興咸親近觀察調伏眾生方便解脫門;妙莊嚴天王,得一念悉知眾生心隨機應現解脫門。

Ru-Yi Translation

Furthermore, the Deva King of Contentment attained the liberation gateway of the perfect and complete wheel of teaching that every buddha turns upon appearing in the world. The Deva King of the Ocean-Topknot of Joy attained the liberation gateway of the body of pure light that fills the entire realm of space. The Deva King of the Supreme Banner of Merit attained the liberation gateway of the pure ocean of vows that extinguishes the suffering of the world. The Deva King of Tranquil Light attained the liberation gateway of universally manifesting a body to teach the Dharma. The Deva King of the Good Eye attained the liberation gateway of universally purifying every realm of living beings. The Deva King of the Jeweled Peak's Moon attained the liberation gateway of the inexhaustible treasury, constantly manifest, that universally transforms the world. The Deva King of Valiant Strength attained the liberation gateway of revealing the domain of true awakening of every buddha. The Deva King of Vajra's Wondrous Light attained the liberation gateway of making firm the bodhi-mind of every living being so that it cannot be destroyed. The Deva King of the Constellation's Banner attained the liberation gateway of the skillful means of drawing near to every buddha who appears in the world, contemplating and taming living beings. And the Deva King of Wondrous Adornment attained the liberation gateway of knowing the minds of every living being within a single thought and manifesting in response to their capacities.

Chinese Source

爾時,知足天王,承佛威力,普觀一切知足天眾而說頌言:

「如來廣大遍法界,於諸眾生悉平等,
普應群情闡妙門,令入難思清淨法。
佛身普現於十方,無著無礙不可取,
種種色像世咸見,此喜髻天之所入。

如來往昔修諸行,清淨大願深如海,
一切佛法皆令滿,勝德能知此方便。
如來法身不思議,如影分形等法界,
處處闡明一切法,寂靜光天解脫門。

眾生業惑所纏覆,憍慢放逸心馳蕩,
如來為說寂靜法,善目照知心喜慶。
一切世間真導師,為救為歸而出現,
普示眾生安樂處,峯月於此能深入。

諸佛境界不思議,一切法界皆周遍,
入於諸法到彼岸,勇慧見此生歡喜。
若有眾生堪受化,聞佛功德趣菩提,
令住福海常清淨,妙光於此能觀察。

十方剎海微塵數,一切佛所皆往集,
恭敬供養聽聞法,此莊嚴幢之所見。
眾生心海不思議,無住無動無依處,
佛於一念皆明見,妙莊嚴天斯善了。」

Ru-Yi Translation

At that time, the Deva King of Contentment, sustained by the Buddha's majestic power, universally beheld the whole assembly of Tuṣita devas, and spoke a verse, saying:

"The Tathāgata, vast and great, pervades the whole Dharma-realm, equal toward every living being without exception,
responding universally to their every disposition and opening the wondrous gateway, causing them to enter the hard-to-conceive, pure Dharma.
The Buddha's body manifests universally throughout the ten directions, unattached, unobstructed, and ungraspable,
and its every form and image is beheld by the whole world — this the Deva King of the Ocean-Topknot of Joy has entered.

The Tathāgata, in ages past, cultivated every practice, his pure, great vow as deep as the ocean,
causing every buddha-dharma to be brought to fulfillment — the Deva King of Supreme Merit is able to know this skillful means.
The Tathāgata's Dharma-body is inconceivable, dividing its form like a shadow, equal to the whole Dharma-realm,
clarifying every dharma in every place — this is the liberation gateway of the Deva King of Tranquil Light.

Living beings, entangled and covered by karma and confusion, their minds racing about in pride and heedlessness,
are taught by the Tathāgata the tranquil Dharma, and the Deva King of the Good Eye, illumining this, rejoices in his heart.
The true guide of every world appears in order to rescue and to be a refuge,
universally showing living beings the place of peace and joy — the Deva King of the Jeweled Peak's Moon is able to enter deeply into this.

The domain of every buddha is inconceivable, and the whole Dharma-realm is pervaded by it entirely,
entering every dharma and reaching the farther shore — the Deva King of Valiant Strength beholds this and rejoices.
If there is any living being fit to be transformed, who hears of the Buddha's merit and hastens toward awakening,
causing them to abide forever pure within the ocean of blessing — the Deva King of Vajra's Wondrous Light is able to contemplate this.

As numerous as the fine motes of dust in an ocean of lands of the ten directions, he gathers at the place of every buddha,
reverently making offerings and listening to the Dharma — this is what the Deva King of the Constellation's Banner beholds.
The ocean of living beings' minds is inconceivable, without abode, without movement, without any support,
and the Buddha, within a single thought, beholds it all with total clarity — the Deva King of Wondrous Adornment has fully understood this."

Reading note — Ru-Yi Meditation Center

Tuṣita is the heaven from which a bodhisattva destined for buddhahood is traditionally said to descend for final rebirth — where Śākyamuni himself is said to have dwelt before this life, and where Maitreya is said to abide now. It is fitting, then, that this class's own gateways turn repeatedly on cultivation still underway: a vow "deep as the ocean," pride and heedlessness still needing to be taught out of living beings, merit that must be brought to fulfillment — the vocabulary of a heaven still oriented toward the work of becoming a buddha, not merely enjoying the heights already reached.

The Devas of the Yāma Heaven

Chinese Source

復次,時分天王,得發起一切眾生善根令永離憂惱解脫門;妙光天王,得普入一切境界解脫門;無盡慧功德幢天王,得滅除一切患大悲輪解脫門;善化端嚴天王,得了知三世一切眾生心解脫門;總持大光明天王,得陀羅尼門光明憶持一切法無忘失解脫門;不思議慧天王,得善入一切業自性不思議方便解脫門;輪臍天王,得轉法輪成熟眾生方便解脫門;光焰天王,得廣大眼普觀眾生而往調伏解脫門;光照天王,得超出一切業障不隨魔所作解脫門;普觀察大名稱天王,得善誘誨一切諸天眾令受行心清淨解脫門。

Ru-Yi Translation

Furthermore, the Deva King of the Season attained the liberation gateway of rousing the wholesome roots of every living being and causing them to depart forever from care and affliction. The Deva King of Wondrous Light attained the liberation gateway of universally entering every domain. The Deva King of Inexhaustible Wisdom's Banner of Merit attained the liberation gateway of the wheel of great compassion that extinguishes every affliction. The Deva King Skillfully Transforming, Upright and Solemn, attained the liberation gateway of understanding the minds of every living being across the three periods of time. The Deva King of Total Retention's Great Light attained the liberation gateway of the bright dhāraṇī-gateway that holds every dharma in mind without ever forgetting it. The Deva King of Inconceivable Wisdom attained the liberation gateway of the inconceivable skillful means that skillfully enters the very nature of every karmic act. The Deva King of the Wheel-Navel attained the liberation gateway of the skillful means of turning the Dharma-wheel to ripen living beings. The Deva King of the Light-Flame attained the liberation gateway of the vast eye that universally beholds living beings and goes to tame them. The Deva King of Illumining Light attained the liberation gateway of transcending every karmic obstruction and not following the workings of Māra. And the Deva King Universally Observing, of Great Renown, attained the liberation gateway of skillfully guiding and instructing the whole host of devas, causing their minds to accept the practice and become pure.

Chinese Source

爾時,時分天王,承佛威力,普觀一切時分天眾而說頌言:

「佛於無量久遠劫,已竭世間憂惱海,
廣闢離塵清淨道,永耀眾生智慧燈。
如來法身甚廣大,十方邊際不可得,
一切方便無限量,妙光明天智能入。

生老病死憂悲苦,逼迫世間無暫歇,
大師哀愍誓悉除,無盡慧光能覺了。
佛如幻智無所礙,於三世法悉明達,
普入眾生心行中,此善化天之境界。

總持邊際不可得,辯才大海亦無盡,
能轉清淨妙法輪,此是大光之解脫。
業性廣大無窮盡,智慧覺了善開示,
一切方便不思議,如是慧天之所入。

轉不思議妙法輪,顯示修習菩提道,
永滅一切眾生苦,此是輪臍方便地。
如來真身本無二,應物隨形滿世間,
眾生各見在其前,此是焰天之境界。

若有眾生一見佛,必使淨除諸業障,
離諸魔業永無餘,光照天王所行道。
一切眾會廣如海,佛在其中最威耀,
普雨法雨潤眾生,此解脫門名稱入。」

Ru-Yi Translation

At that time, the Deva King of the Season, sustained by the Buddha's majestic power, universally beheld the whole assembly of Yāma devas, and spoke a verse, saying:

"The Buddha, across immeasurable and distant kalpas, has already exhausted the ocean of the world's care and affliction,
opening wide the pure path free of defilement, forever lighting the lamp of wisdom for living beings.
The Tathāgata's Dharma-body is exceedingly vast, and its bounds throughout the ten directions cannot be found;
every skillful means it holds is without any limit — the Deva King of Wondrous Light's wisdom is able to enter this.

Birth, old age, sickness, and death, sorrow, grief, and suffering press upon the world without a moment's respite;
the Great Teacher, taking pity, has vowed to remove them all — the Deva King of Inexhaustible Wisdom's Light is able to perceive this.
The Buddha's wisdom is like an illusion, without any obstruction, thoroughly understanding the dharmas of the three periods of time,
entering universally into the very conduct of living beings' minds — this is the domain of the Deva King Skillfully Transforming.

The bound of total retention cannot be found, and the great ocean of eloquence is likewise inexhaustible;
able to turn the pure and wondrous Dharma-wheel — this is the liberation of the Deva King of Great Light.
The nature of karma is vast and never exhausted, and wisdom perceives it, skillfully revealing it;
every skillful means is inconceivable — thus does the Deva King of Wisdom enter it.

Turning the inconceivable, wondrous Dharma-wheel, revealing the cultivation and practice of the path to awakening,
forever extinguishing the suffering of every living being — this is the skillful ground of the Deva King of the Wheel-Navel.
The Tathāgata's true body is fundamentally without duality, and yet, responding to beings, it takes on form filling the whole world,
so that every living being sees it directly before them — this is the domain of the Deva King of the Light-Flame.

If there is any living being who beholds the Buddha even once, this surely causes every karmic obstruction to be purified and removed,
departing from every working of Māra forever without remainder — this is the path the Deva King of Illumining Light walks.
Every assembly is vast as the ocean, and the Buddha, dwelling in its midst, shines forth most majestically,
raining down the rain of the Dharma universally to nourish living beings — this liberation gateway the Deva King of Great Renown has entered."

The Devas of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three

Chinese Source

復次,釋迦因陀羅天王,得憶念三世佛出興乃至剎成壞皆明見大歡喜解脫門;普稱滿音天王,得能令佛色身最清淨廣大世無能比解脫門;慈目寶髻天王,得慈雲普覆解脫門;寶光幢名稱天王,得恒見佛於一切世主前現種種形相威德身解脫門;發生喜樂髻天王,得知一切眾生城邑宮殿從何福業生解脫門;端正念天王,得開示諸佛成熟眾生事解脫門;高勝音天王,得知一切世間成壞劫轉變相解脫門;成就念天王,得憶念當來菩薩調伏眾生行解脫門;淨華光天王,得了知一切諸天快樂因解脫門;智日眼天王,得開示一切諸天子受生善根無癡惑解脫門;自在光明天王,得開悟一切諸天眾令永斷種種疑解脫門。

Ru-Yi Translation

Furthermore, the Deva King Śakra, Lord of the Devas, attained the liberation gateway of the great joy of clearly beholding, in recollection, the appearance of the buddhas of the three periods of time, down to the very arising and passing away of world-systems. The Deva King of Universally Renowned, Perfect Voice attained the liberation gateway of causing the Buddha's form-body to become the purest and vastest, incomparable to anything in the world. The Deva King of the Compassionate Eye and Jeweled Topknot attained the liberation gateway of the cloud of loving-kindness that covers all universally. The Deva King, Renown of the Jeweled Light-Banner, attained the liberation gateway of forever beholding the Buddha manifest, before every lord of the world, in every kind of majestic and virtuous bodily form. The Deva King of the Topknot Giving Rise to Joy attained the liberation gateway of knowing from what meritorious deed the cities, towns, and palaces of every living being arise. The Deva King of Upright Mindfulness attained the liberation gateway of revealing how every buddha carries out the work of ripening living beings. The Deva King of the Lofty, Supreme Voice attained the liberation gateway of knowing the changing marks of every kalpa of the world's arising and passing away. The Deva King Accomplishing Mindfulness attained the liberation gateway of recollecting the conduct by which bodhisattvas yet to come will tame living beings. The Deva King of Pure Flower-Light attained the liberation gateway of understanding the cause of every deva's joy. The Deva King, Eye of the Sun of Wisdom, attained the liberation gateway of revealing the wholesome roots by which every devaputra is born, free of confusion and delusion. And the Deva King of Sovereign Light attained the liberation gateway of awakening the whole host of devas and causing them to sever every kind of doubt forever.

Chinese Source

爾時,釋迦因陀羅天王,承佛威力,普觀一切三十三天眾而說頌言:

「我念三世一切佛,所有境界悉平等,
如其國土壞與成,以佛威神皆得見。
佛身廣大遍十方,妙色無比利群生,
光明照耀靡不及,此道普稱能觀見。

如來方便大慈海,往劫修行極清淨,
化導眾生無有邊,寶髻天王斯悟了。
我念法王功德海,世中最上無與等,
發生廣大歡喜心,此寶光天之解脫。

佛知眾生善業海,種種勝因生大福,
皆令顯現無有餘,此喜髻天之所見。
諸佛出現於十方,普遍一切世間中,
觀眾生心示調伏,正念天王悟斯道。

如來智身廣大眼,世界微塵無不見,
如是普遍於十方,此雲音天之解脫。
一切佛子菩提行,如來悉現毛孔中,
如其無量皆具足,此念天王所明見。

世間所有安樂事,一切皆由佛出生,
如來功德勝無等,此解脫處華王入。
若念如來少功德,乃至一念心專仰,
諸惡道怖悉永除,智眼於此能深悟。

寂滅法中大神通,普應群心靡不周,
所有疑惑皆令斷,此光明王之所得。」

Ru-Yi Translation

At that time, the Deva King Śakra, Lord of the Devas, sustained by the Buddha's majestic power, universally beheld the whole assembly of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, and spoke a verse, saying:

"I recall every buddha of the three periods of time, and how their every domain is entirely equal,
so that, whether their lands pass away or come into being, through the Buddha's majestic spiritual power all of it may be seen.
The Buddha's body is vast, pervading the ten directions, his wondrous form beyond compare, benefiting the multitude of living beings,
his light shining forth reaching everywhere without exception — this the Deva King of the Universally Renowned Path beholds.

The Tathāgata's skillful means are an ocean of great compassion, his practice in ages past utterly pure,
guiding and transforming living beings without any bound — the Deva King of the Compassionate Eye and Jeweled Topknot has awakened to this.
I recall the Dharma-King's ocean of merit, supreme in all the world, unequaled by anything;
it gives rise to vast and joyful delight — this is the liberation of the Deva King of the Jeweled Light.

The Buddha knows the ocean of every living being's wholesome deeds, and every kind of excellent cause that gives rise to great blessing,
causing it all to be revealed without exception — this the Deva King of the Topknot of Joy beholds.
Every buddha appears throughout the ten directions, pervading every world entirely,
beholding the minds of living beings and showing them how to be tamed — the Deva King of Upright Mindfulness awakens to this path.

The Tathāgata's body of wisdom has a vast eye, seeing without exception even the fine motes of dust of every world,
pervading thus universally throughout the ten directions — this is the liberation of the Deva King of the Cloud-Voice.
Every child of the Buddha's bodhi-conduct the Tathāgata manifests entirely within his very pores,
each one immeasurable yet fully complete — this the Deva King of Mindfulness clearly beholds.

Every joyful and peaceful thing that exists in the world arises entirely from the Buddha,
and the Tathāgata's merit, supreme and unequaled — into this liberation the Deva King of the Flower-King enters.
If one recollects even a small portion of the Tathāgata's merit, even for a single thought, wholeheartedly looking up to him,
the terror of every evil destiny is forever removed — the Deva King of the Wisdom-Eye awakens deeply to this.

Within the Dharma of quiescent extinction lies great spiritual transmutation, responding universally to the minds of the multitude, leaving none untouched,
causing every doubt and confusion to be severed — this is what the Deva King of Light has attained."

Reading note — Ru-Yi Meditation Center

Śakra speaks first here for the same reason he stood first when this class was simply named in fascicle one: he is Indra, ruler of Trāyastriṃśa, and the verse's opening couplet — "I recall every buddha of the three periods of time" — is given in his own voice rather than a third-person description, the only place across both fascicles' verse-sequence where the speaking king refers to himself as "I" quite this directly. With this the roster has now fully cleared the heavens proper and reaches, in the two classes that follow, the sun and moon themselves.

The Sun Devaputras

Chinese Source

復次,日天子,得淨光普照十方眾生盡未來劫常為利益解脫門;光焰眼天子,得以一切隨類身開悟眾生令入智慧海解脫門;須彌光歡喜幢天子,得為一切眾生主令勤修無邊淨功德解脫門;淨寶月天子,得修一切苦行深心歡喜解脫門;勇猛不退轉天子,得無礙光普照令一切眾生益其精爽解脫門;妙華纓光明天子,得淨光普照眾生身令生歡喜信解海解脫門;最勝幢光明天子,得光明普照一切世間令成辦種種妙功德解脫門;寶髻普光明天子,得大悲海現無邊境界種種色相寶解脫門;光明眼天子,得淨治一切眾生眼令見法界藏解脫門;持德天子,得發生清淨相續心令不失壞解脫門;普運行光明天子,得普運日宮殿照十方一切眾生令成就所作業解脫門。

Ru-Yi Translation

Furthermore, the Devaputra Sun attained the liberation gateway of pure light universally illumining living beings of the ten directions, constantly benefiting them to the very end of future kalpas. The Devaputra of the Flame-Eye of Light attained the liberation gateway of awakening living beings through a body suited to their every kind, causing them to enter the ocean of wisdom. The Devaputra of Sumeru's Light, a Banner of Joy, attained the liberation gateway of being lord to every living being, causing them to diligently cultivate boundless, pure merit. The Devaputra of the Pure, Jeweled Moon attained the liberation gateway of the profound joy of heart in cultivating every ascetic practice. The Devaputra Valiant, Never Turning Back, attained the liberation gateway of unobstructed light universally shining, causing every living being to increase in vigor and clarity. The Devaputra of the Wondrous Flower-Wreath's Light attained the liberation gateway of pure light universally illumining the bodies of living beings, causing an ocean of joyful faith and understanding to arise. The Devaputra of the Supreme Banner's Light attained the liberation gateway of light universally illumining every world, causing every kind of wondrous merit to be accomplished. The Devaputra of the Jeweled Topknot's Universal Light attained the liberation gateway of the ocean of great compassion manifesting boundless domains adorned with every kind of jeweled form and color. The Devaputra of the Eye of Light attained the liberation gateway of purifying the eyes of every living being, causing them to see the treasury of the Dharma-realm. The Devaputra Upholding Virtue attained the liberation gateway of giving rise to a pure, continuous mind that never fails or is destroyed. And the Devaputra of Universally Circulating Light attained the liberation gateway of universally moving the sun's palace to shine upon every living being of the ten directions, causing them to accomplish their undertakings.

Chinese Source

爾時,日天子,承佛威力,遍觀一切日天子眾而說頌言:

「如來廣大智慧光,普照十方諸國土,
一切眾生咸見佛,種種調伏多方便。
如來色相無有邊,隨其所樂悉現身,
普為世間開智海,焰眼如是觀於佛。

佛身無等無有比,光明照耀遍十方,
超過一切最無上,如是法門歡喜得。
為利世間修苦行,往來諸有無量劫,
光明遍淨如虛空,寶月能知此方便。

佛演妙音無障礙,普遍十方諸國土,
以法滋味益群生,勇猛能知此方便。
放光明網不思議,普淨一切諸含識,
悉使發生深信解,此華纓天所入門。

世間所有諸光明,不及佛一毛孔光,
佛光如是不思議,此勝幢光之解脫。
一切諸佛法如是,悉坐菩提樹王下,
令非道者住於道,寶髻光明如是見。

眾生盲闇愚癡苦,佛欲令其生淨眼,
是故為然智慧燈,善目於此深觀察。
解脫方便自在尊,若有曾見一供養,
悉使修行至於果,此是德天方便力。

一法門中無量門,無量千劫如是說,
所演法門廣大義,普運光天之所了。」

Ru-Yi Translation

At that time, the Devaputra Sun, sustained by the Buddha's majestic power, beheld the whole assembly of Sun Devaputras everywhere, and spoke a verse, saying:

"The Tathāgata's vast light of wisdom shines universally upon every land of the ten directions,
and every living being beholds the Buddha, tamed through every kind of skillful means.
The Tathāgata's forms and marks are without any bound, and, according to whatever each being delights in, he manifests his body completely,
universally opening the ocean of wisdom for the world's sake — thus the Devaputra of the Flame-Eye of Light beholds the Buddha.

The Buddha's body is unequaled, beyond compare, its light shining forth pervading the ten directions,
surpassing everything, utterly unsurpassed — this Dharma-gateway is attained with joy.
For the world's benefit he cultivates every ascetic practice, coming and going through every state of existence across immeasurable kalpas,
his light pervading and pure like empty space — the Devaputra of the Pure, Jeweled Moon is able to know this skillful means.

The Buddha expounds his wondrous voice without any hindrance, pervading every land of the ten directions,
nourishing the multitude of living beings with the very flavor of the Dharma — the Devaputra Valiant and Unturning is able to know this skillful means.
He emits a net of inconceivable light, universally purifying every sentient being,
causing every one of them to give rise to profound faith and understanding — this is the gateway the Devaputra of the Wondrous Flower-Wreath's Light has entered.

Of every light that exists in the world, none compares to a single pore of the Buddha's own light;
the Buddha's light is thus inconceivable — this is the liberation of the Devaputra of the Supreme Banner's Light.
The Dharma of every buddha is just so: each sits beneath his own royal bodhi tree,
causing those without the path to abide upon it — the Devaputra of the Jeweled Topknot's Light beholds this.

Living beings, blind and benighted, suffer the pain of ignorance, and the Buddha wishes to cause pure eyes to arise in them;
and so he kindles the lamp of wisdom for them — the Devaputra of the Good Eye contemplates this deeply.
The Sovereign One, skilled in the means of liberation — if there is one who has ever beheld him with a single offering,
he causes that one to practice all the way to the fruit — this is the skillful power of the Devaputra of Virtue.

Within a single Dharma-gateway are immeasurable gateways, taught thus across immeasurable thousands of kalpas;
the vast meaning of the Dharma-gateway he expounds, the Devaputra of Universally Circulating Light has fully understood."

The Moon Devaputras

Chinese Source

復次,月天子,得淨光普照法界攝化眾生解脫門;華王髻光明天子,得觀察一切眾生界令普入無邊法解脫門;眾妙淨光天子,得了知一切眾生心海種種攀緣轉解脫門;安樂世間心天子,得與一切眾生不可思議樂令踊躍大歡喜解脫門;樹王眼光明天子,得如田家作業種芽莖等隨時守護令成就解脫門;出現淨光天子,得慈悲救護一切眾生令現見受苦受樂事解脫門;普遊不動光天子,得能持清淨月普現十方解脫門;星宿王自在天子,得開示一切法如幻如虛空無相無自性解脫門;淨覺月天子,得普為一切眾生起大業用解脫門;大威德光明天子,得普斷一切疑惑解脫門。

Ru-Yi Translation

Furthermore, the Devaputra Moon attained the liberation gateway of pure light universally illumining the Dharma-realm, gathering in and transforming living beings. The Devaputra of the Light of the Flower-King's Topknot attained the liberation gateway of contemplating the realm of every living being and causing them to enter universally into the boundless Dharma. The Devaputra of Every Wondrous, Pure Light attained the liberation gateway of understanding every kind of grasping condition that turns within the ocean of living beings' minds. The Devaputra Whose Mind Brings Peace and Joy to the World attained the liberation gateway of bestowing inconceivable joy upon every living being, causing them to leap up in great delight. The Devaputra of the King of Trees' Eye-Light attained the liberation gateway of guarding, like a farming family tending the sprout and stalk of their crop in due season, so that it comes to fruition. The Devaputra Manifesting Pure Light attained the liberation gateway of compassionately rescuing and protecting every living being, causing the matters of their suffering and joy to be directly seen. The Devaputra of the Unmoving Light, Universally Roaming, attained the liberation gateway of upholding the pure moon, manifesting it universally in the ten directions. The Devaputra, Sovereign King of the Constellations, attained the liberation gateway of revealing that every dharma, like an illusion, like empty space, is without mark and without any nature of its own. The Devaputra of the Pure, Awakened Moon attained the liberation gateway of universally rousing great activity on behalf of every living being. And the Devaputra of Great, Majestic Virtue's Light attained the liberation gateway of universally severing every doubt and confusion.

Chinese Source

爾時,月天子,承佛神力,普觀一切月宮殿中諸天眾會而說頌曰:

「佛放光明遍世間,照耀十方諸國土,
演不思議廣大法,永破眾生癡惑暗。
境界無邊無有盡,於無量劫常開導,
種種自在化群生,華髻如是觀於佛。

眾生心海念念殊,佛智寬廣悉了知,
普為說法令歡喜,此妙光明之解脫。
眾生無有聖安樂,沈迷惡道受諸苦,
如來示彼法性門,安樂思惟如是見。

如來希有大慈悲,為利眾生入諸有,
說法勸善令成就,此目光天所了知。
世尊開闡法光明,分別世間諸業性,
善惡所行無失壞,淨光見此生歡喜。

佛為一切福所依,譬如大地持宮室,
巧示離憂安隱道,不動能知此方便。
智火大明周法界,現形無數等眾生,
普為一切開真實,星宿王天悟斯道。

佛如虛空無自性,為利眾生現世間,
相好莊嚴如影像,淨覺天王如是見。
佛身毛孔普演音,法雲覆世悉無餘,
聽聞莫不生歡喜,如是解脫光天悟。」

Ru-Yi Translation

At that time, the Devaputra Moon, sustained by the Buddha's spiritual power, universally beheld the whole assembly of devas within the lunar palace, and spoke a verse, saying:

"The Buddha emits light pervading the whole world, illuminating every land of the ten directions,
expounding the inconceivable, vast Dharma, forever shattering the darkness of delusion and confusion in living beings.
His domain is boundless and inexhaustible, forever guiding beings across immeasurable kalpas,
transforming the multitude through every kind of sovereign means — the Devaputra of the Flower-King's Topknot beholds the Buddha in this way.

The ocean of living beings' minds is distinct in every single thought, and the Buddha's wisdom, vast and expansive, understands it entirely,
teaching the Dharma universally to bring them joy — this is the liberation of the Devaputra of Wondrous Light.
Living beings have no noble peace or joy, sunk in evil destinies and suffering every torment;
the Tathāgata shows them the gateway of the Dharma-nature — the Devaputra of Peaceful Reflection beholds this.

The Tathāgata's rare and great compassion, for the benefit of living beings, enters every state of existence,
teaching the Dharma and urging virtue to bring it to accomplishment — this the Devaputra of the Eye's Light fully understands.
The World-Honored One opens wide the light of the Dharma, discerning the nature of every karmic act in the world,
so that good and evil conduct is never lost or destroyed — the Devaputra of Pure Light beholds this and rejoices.

The Buddha is the very support of every blessing, just as the great earth upholds every palace and dwelling,
skillfully showing the peaceful path free of care — the Devaputra of Unmoving Light is able to know this skillful means.
The great, bright fire of wisdom encircles the Dharma-realm, manifesting in countless forms equal to living beings themselves,
opening true reality universally for the sake of all — the Devaputra King of the Constellations awakens to this path.

The Buddha is like empty space, without any nature of his own, and yet, for the benefit of living beings, he appears in the world,
his marks and signs adorned like a reflected image — the Devaputra King of Pure Awakening beholds this.
From every pore of the Buddha's body his voice is universally proclaimed, and the cloud of the Dharma covers the world entirely, without exception,
so that none who hear it fail to rejoice — this liberation the Devaputra of Light has awakened to."

Reading note — Ru-Yi Meditation Center

With the moon's verse, fascicle two's whole descent from Maheśvara comes to rest: twelve classes, each restating its roster with a fresh liberation gateway unique to every king, each closing in a hymn that turns doctrine into praise. The image of the Buddha as "the very support of every blessing, just as the great earth upholds every palace and dwelling" is a fitting note to end on — the sun and moon, which measure time and mark the passing of day and night for every being below them, are shown here as themselves measuring nothing more fundamental than the Buddha's own constancy beneath everything that changes.

Part 5 Complete — Fascicle Two Complete

This closes Part 5, and with it fascicle two of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra: the deva kings of Nirmāṇarati, Tuṣita, Yāma, the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, and the devaputras of the sun and moon, each restating a class first named in fascicle one, each now paired with a liberation gateway unique to every king, each class closing in a hymn of praise. Together with Part 4, this completes the twelve-class verse-sequence that opened fascicle two, descending in full from Maheśvara at the summit of the form realm to the moon. Fascicle three continues this same assembly further still, among the classes of world-lord fascicle one had named last.