The Twenty Tiers, and This Very Sahā World
At the very center of the Flower-Treasury World-System stands one particular world-seed, and Samantabhadra now describes it tier by tier, stacked one above the other like floors of a single tower — twenty of them in all, each with its own name, its own boundary, its own shape, its own encircling worlds, and its own buddha. The thirteenth tier is named Sahā (娑婆): this very world, whose buddha is said to be none other than Vairocana Tathāgata himself.
The Central Fragrant Water Ocean, and Its World-Seed
「諸佛子!此不可說佛剎微塵數香水海,在華藏莊嚴世界海中,如天帝網分布而住。諸佛子!此最中央香水海,名:無邊妙華光,以現一切菩薩形摩尼王幢為底;出大蓮華,名:一切香摩尼王莊嚴;有世界種而住其上,名:普照十方熾然寶光明,以一切莊嚴具為體,有不可說佛剎微塵數世界於中布列。」
"Buddha's children! These fragrant water oceans, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ineffable buddha-lands, dwell arrayed throughout the Flower-Treasury Adorned World-Ocean just like Indra's own net. Buddha's children! This very central fragrant water ocean is named Boundless, Wondrous Flower-Light, with the sovereign maṇi banner manifesting the form of every bodhisattva as its floor. From it emerges a great lotus flower, named the Adornment of the Sovereign Maṇi of Every Fragrance; and a world-seed abides upon it, named Universally Illumining the Ten Directions with Blazing, Jeweled Light, taking every adorning implement as its essence, with worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ineffable buddha-lands arrayed within it."
Tiers One Through Five
其最下方有世界,名:最勝光遍照,以一切金剛莊嚴光耀輪為際,依眾寶摩尼華而住;其狀猶如摩尼寶形,一切寶華莊嚴雲彌覆其上,佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,種種安住,種種莊嚴,佛號:淨眼離垢燈。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:種種香蓮華妙莊嚴,以一切莊嚴具為際,依寶蓮華網而住;其狀猶如師子之座,一切寶色珠帳雲彌覆其上,二佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:師子光勝照。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:一切寶莊嚴普照光,以香風輪為際,依種種寶華瓔珞住;其形八隅,妙光摩尼日輪雲而覆其上,三佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:淨光智勝幢。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:種種光明華莊嚴,以一切寶王為際,依眾色金剛尸羅幢海住;其狀猶如摩尼蓮華,以金剛摩尼寶光雲而覆其上,四佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,純一清淨,佛號:金剛光明無量精進力善出現。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:普放妙華光,以一切寶鈴莊嚴網為際,依一切樹林莊嚴寶輪網海住;其形普方而多有隅角,梵音摩尼王雲以覆其上,五佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:香光喜力海。
At its very lowest is a world named Supreme Light Universally Illumining, with every vajra's adorned, radiant wheel as its boundary, abiding resting upon a flower of every jewel and maṇi; its shape is just like the form of a maṇi jewel, and a cloud adorned with every jeweled flower covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land encircle it all around, each abiding in its own way, each adorned in its own way. Its buddha is named the Lamp of the Pure Eye, Free of Defilement. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named the Wondrous Adornment of Every Kind of Fragrant Lotus Flower, with every adorning implement as its boundary, abiding resting upon a net of jeweled lotus flowers; its shape is just like a lion's throne, and a cloud of canopies of pearls of every jeweled color covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in two buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named the Lion's Light, Supreme Illumination. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Every Jewel's Adornment, Universally Illumining Light, with a fragrant wind-wheel as its boundary, abiding resting upon a necklace of every kind of jeweled flower; its shape is eight-cornered, and a cloud of the sovereign maṇi's wondrous light, the sun's own wheel, covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in three buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named the Banner of Pure Light's Supreme Wisdom. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named the Adornment of Every Kind of Light and Flower, with every sovereign jewel as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of vajra precept-banners of every color; its shape is just like a maṇi lotus flower, and a cloud of vajra maṇi's jeweled light covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in four buddha-lands encircle it all around, purely one and entirely pure. Its buddha is named Vajra Light's Immeasurable Power of Diligence, Excellently Appearing. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Universally Emitting Wondrous Flower-Light, with a net adorned by every jeweled bell as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of jeweled wheel-nets adorned by every forest of trees; its shape is universally square, with many corners, and a cloud of the sovereign maṇi's Brahmā-voice covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in five buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named the Ocean of Fragrant Light's Power of Joy.
Tiers Six Through Ten
此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:淨妙光明,以寶王莊嚴幢為際,依金剛宮殿海住;其形四方,摩尼輪髻帳雲而覆其上,六佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:普光自在幢。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:眾華焰莊嚴,以種種華莊嚴為際,依一切寶色焰海住;其狀猶如樓閣之形,一切寶色衣真珠欄楯雲而覆其上,七佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,純一清淨,佛號:歡喜海功德名稱自在光。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:出生威力地,以出一切聲摩尼王莊嚴為際,依種種寶色蓮華座虛空海住;其狀猶如因陀羅網,以無邊色華網雲而覆其上,八佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:廣大名稱智海幢。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:出妙音聲,以心王摩尼莊嚴輪為際,依恒出一切妙音聲莊嚴雲摩尼王海住;其狀猶如梵天身形,無量寶莊嚴師子座雲而覆其上,九佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:清淨月光明相無能摧伏。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:金剛幢,以無邊莊嚴真珠藏寶瓔珞為際,依一切莊嚴寶師子座摩尼海住;其狀周圓,十須彌山微塵數一切香摩尼華須彌雲彌覆其上,十佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,純一清淨,佛號:一切法海最勝王。
Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Pure, Wondrous Light, with a banner adorned by the sovereign jewel as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of vajra palaces; its shape is square, and a cloud of canopies, maṇi wheel-crested, covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in six buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named the Banner of Universal Light's Sovereign Mastery. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named the Adornment of Every Flower's Flame, with every kind of flower's adornment as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of flame of every jeweled color; its shape is just like a pavilion, and a cloud of balustrades of true pearls, garments of every jeweled color, covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in seven buddha-lands encircle it all around, purely one and entirely pure. Its buddha is named the Sovereign Light of the Ocean of Joy's Merit and Renown. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named the Ground That Brings Forth Majestic Power, with the adornment of the sovereign maṇi that sends forth every sound as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of empty space, a lotus-flower throne of every jeweled color; its shape is just like Indra's own net, and a cloud of flower-nets of boundless color covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in eight buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named the Banner of the Ocean of Wisdom's Vast Renown. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Sending Forth a Wondrous Voice, with a wheel adorned by the sovereign maṇi of the mind's own king as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of the sovereign maṇi, a cloud adorned by every wondrous voice forever sent forth; its shape is just like the body of a Brahmā deity, and a cloud of lion-thrones adorned by immeasurable jewels covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in nine buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named the Pure Moon's Mark of Light, Unable to Be Overcome. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Vajra Banner, with a necklace, a treasury of true pearls of boundless adornment, as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of maṇi, a lion-throne adorned by every jewel; its shape is entirely round, and a cloud of Sumeru of every fragrant maṇi flower, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten Sumerus, covers over it entirely. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands encircle it all around, purely one and entirely pure. Its buddha is named the Supreme King of the Ocean of Every Dharma.
Tiers Eleven Through Thirteen — This Very World
此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:恒出現帝青寶光明,以極堅牢不可壞金剛莊嚴為際,依種種殊異華海住;其狀猶如半月之形,諸天寶帳雲而覆其上,十一佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:無量功德法。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:光明照耀,以普光莊嚴為際,依華旋香水海住;狀如華旋,種種衣雲而覆其上,十二佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:超釋梵。
Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Forever Manifesting the Light of Indranīla Jewel, with the utterly firm, indestructible adornment of vajra as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of every kind of extraordinary flower; its shape is just like a half-moon, and a cloud of canopies of every heaven's jewels covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in eleven buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named the Dharma of Immeasurable Merit. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Shining, Radiant Light, with universal light's adornment as its boundary, abiding resting upon a fragrant water ocean whirling with flowers; its shape is like a whirl of flowers, and a cloud of every kind of garment covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in twelve buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named Surpassing Śakra and Brahmā.
此上過佛剎微塵數世界,至此世界,名:娑婆,以金剛莊嚴為際,依種種色風輪所持蓮華網住;狀如虛空,以普圓滿天宮殿莊嚴虛空雲而覆其上,十三佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,其佛即是毘盧遮那如來世尊。
Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, one reaches this very world, named Sahā, with vajra's adornment as its boundary, abiding resting upon a net of lotus flowers upheld by wind-wheels of every color; its shape is like empty space itself, and a cloud of universally full and complete heavenly palaces' adornment covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in thirteen buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its very buddha is none other than Vairocana Tathāgata, the World-Honored One.
This is the sentence the whole chapter has been building toward since fascicle eight opened: the thirteenth tier of this central world-seed, reached only after passing through twelve tiers each already vaster than the last, is named Sahā — the very name used elsewhere across the Buddhist canon for the world in which Śākyamuni Buddha taught. And its buddha, the text says, "is none other than Vairocana Tathāgata, the World-Honored One." Chengguan's commentary and the broader Huayan tradition read this identification as settling, cosmologically, what the sūtra has been arguing philosophically since fascicle six: that Śākyamuni's historical teaching career and Vairocana's own body pervading the whole Dharma-realm are not two buddhas but one — the ordinary, suffering-marked name "Sahā" (from a root meaning "to endure") and the boundless Flower-Treasury World-System are the same place, seen at two different registers of description.
Tiers Fourteen Through Twenty
此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:寂靜離塵光,以一切寶莊嚴為際,依種種寶衣海住;其狀猶如執金剛形,無邊色金剛雲而覆其上,十四佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:遍法界勝音。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:眾妙光明燈,以一切莊嚴帳為際,依淨華網海住;其狀猶如卐字之形,摩尼樹香水海雲而覆其上,十五佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,純一清淨,佛號:不可摧伏力普照幢。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:清淨光遍照,以無盡寶雲摩尼王為際,依種種香焰蓮華海住;其狀猶如龜甲之形,圓光摩尼輪栴檀雲而覆其上,十六佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:清淨日功德眼。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:寶莊嚴藏,以一切眾生形摩尼王為際,依光明藏摩尼王海住;其形八隅,以一切輪圍山寶莊嚴華樹網彌覆其上,十七佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:無礙智光明遍照十方。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:離塵,以一切殊妙相莊嚴為際,依眾妙華師子座海住;狀如珠瓔,以一切寶香摩尼王圓光雲而覆其上,十八佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,純一清淨,佛號:無量方便最勝幢。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:清淨光普照,以出無盡寶雲摩尼王為際,依無量色香焰須彌山海住;其狀猶如寶華旋布,以無邊色光明摩尼王帝青雲而覆其上,十九佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,佛號:普照法界虛空光。此上過佛剎微塵數世界,有世界,名:妙寶焰,以普光明日月寶為際,依一切諸天形摩尼王海住;其狀猶如寶莊嚴具,以一切寶衣幢雲及摩尼燈藏網而覆其上,二十佛剎微塵數世界周匝圍遶,純一清淨,佛號:福德相光明。
Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Tranquil Light, Free of Defilement, with every jewel's adornment as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of every kind of jeweled garment; its shape is just like the form of the vajra-wielder, and a cloud of vajra of boundless color covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in fourteen buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named the Supreme Voice Pervading the Dharma-Realm. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named the Lamp of Every Wondrous Light, with every canopy's adornment as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of pure flower-nets; its shape is just like the form of the svastika mark, and a cloud of maṇi trees' fragrant water ocean covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in fifteen buddha-lands encircle it all around, purely one and entirely pure. Its buddha is named the Banner of Universal Illumination, Whose Power Cannot Be Overcome. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Pure Light, Universally Illumining, with the sovereign maṇi of inexhaustible jeweled clouds as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of lotus flowers of every kind of fragrant flame; its shape is just like the form of a tortoise's shell, and a cloud of sandalwood, a wheel of round maṇi light, covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in sixteen buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named the Pure Sun's Eye of Merit. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named the Treasury of Jeweled Adornment, with the sovereign maṇi in the form of every living being as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of the sovereign maṇi, a treasury of light; its shape is eight-cornered, and a net of flowering trees adorned by every jewel of the encircling mountains covers over it entirely. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in seventeen buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named Unobstructed Wisdom's Light, Universally Illumining the Ten Directions. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Free of Defilement, with the adornment of every excellent, wondrous mark as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of lion-thrones of every wondrous flower; its shape is like a pearl necklace, and a cloud of round light of the sovereign maṇi of every jeweled fragrance covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in eighteen buddha-lands encircle it all around, purely one and entirely pure. Its buddha is named the Supreme Banner of Immeasurable Skillful Means. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Pure Light, Universally Illumining, with the sovereign maṇi sending forth inexhaustible jeweled clouds as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of Sumerus of immeasurable colors and fragrant flame; its shape is just like jeweled flowers whirling and spread, and a cloud of the sovereign maṇi's boundless colored light, indranīla in hue, covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in nineteen buddha-lands encircle it all around. Its buddha is named the Light of Empty Space, Universally Illumining the Dharma-Realm. Above this, past worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a buddha-land, there is a world named Wondrous Jewel's Flame, with the jewel of universal light, sun and moon, as its boundary, abiding resting upon an ocean of the sovereign maṇi in the form of every heavenly being; its shape is just like a jeweled, adorning implement, and a cloud of banners of every jeweled garment, together with a net of the treasury of maṇi lamps, covers over it. Worlds as numerous as the fine motes of dust in twenty buddha-lands encircle it all around, purely one and entirely pure. Its buddha is named the Light of the Mark of Blessing and Virtue.
Closing the World-Seed
「諸佛子!此遍照十方熾然寶光明世界種,有如是等不可說佛剎微塵數廣大世界,各各所依住,各各形狀,各各體性,各各方面,各各趣入,各各莊嚴,各各分齊,各各行列,各各無差別,各各力加持,周匝圍遶。所謂:十佛剎微塵數迴轉形世界、十佛剎微塵數江河形世界、十佛剎微塵數漩流形世界、十佛剎微塵數輪輞形世界、十佛剎微塵數壇墠形世界、十佛剎微塵數樹林形世界、十佛剎微塵數樓觀形世界、十佛剎微塵數尸羅幢形世界、十佛剎微塵數普方形世界、十佛剎微塵數胎藏形世界、十佛剎微塵數蓮華形世界、十佛剎微塵數佉勒迦形世界、十佛剎微塵數種種眾生形世界、十佛剎微塵數佛相形世界、十佛剎微塵數圓光形世界、十佛剎微塵數雲形世界、十佛剎微塵數網形世界、十佛剎微塵數門闥形世界……。如是等,有不可說佛剎微塵數。此一一世界,各有十佛剎微塵數廣大世界周匝圍遶。此諸世界,一一復有如上所說微塵數世界而為眷屬。如是所說一切世界,皆在此無邊妙華光香水海及圍遶此海香水河中。」
"Buddha's children! This world-seed, Universally Illumining the Ten Directions with Blazing, Jeweled Light, has vast worlds such as these, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ineffable buddha-lands, each resting upon its own foundation, each with its own shape, each with its own essence, each with its own direction, each with its own manner of approach, each with its own adornment, each with its own boundary, each with its own arrangement, each with its own non-difference, each sustained by its own power, encircling one another all around. That is to say: worlds in a whirling form, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in the form of a river, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in a whirlpool form, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in the form of a wheel's rim, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in the form of an altar-terrace, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in the form of a forest of trees, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in the form of a tower or belvedere, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in the form of a precept-banner, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in a universally square form, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in a womb-treasury form, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in a lotus-flower form, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in a khalka-vessel form, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in every kind of living being's form, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in the form of a buddha's marks, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in a round-light form, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in a cloud form, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in a net form, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands; worlds in the form of a gate or portal, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands... Such as these, there are as many as the fine motes of dust in ineffable buddha-lands. Each and every one of these worlds has vast worlds, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in ten buddha-lands, encircling it all around. Each and every one of these worlds, moreover, further has worlds as numerous as the motes of dust just described above, as its own retinue. Every world stated thus is entirely within this Boundless, Wondrous Flower-Light fragrant water ocean, and within the fragrant water rivers that encircle this very ocean."
Notice what the closing paragraph does to everything just narrated: after twenty tiers described in careful, individual, ascending detail — each with its own name, boundary, buddha — this entire stack turns out to be only one world-seed among ineffable numbers of others, itself resting in only one of the ineffable fragrant water oceans described in Part 20, which is itself only one part of one lotus flower within one world-ocean upheld by wind-wheels beneath the whole edifice. The text does not let the reader settle into treating this one vertical column, however dramatic its placement of Sahā near the top, as any kind of privileged center. It is simply the one Samantabhadra happened to describe, because it happens to be the one this audience is standing in.
Part 21 Complete — Fascicle Eight Complete
This closes Part 21 and fascicle eight: the sūtra's fifth chapter, "The Flower-Treasury World-System" (華藏世界品), continuing with its wind-wheels, encircling mountain, ground, fragrant water oceans, rivers, and the land between them, before arriving at its central passage — the twenty-tiered world-seed at the very heart of the whole system, whose thirteenth tier, named Sahā, is this very world, and whose buddha is said to be none other than Vairocana Tathāgata. Fascicle nine continues this same chapter with the world-seeds surrounding this central one in each of the ten directions.