Part 30 of the collection · Fascicle 10 of 80 · 華藏世界品第五之三(終) · T279

A Closing Hymn on the Whole Cosmology, Fascicle Ten Complete

Fascicle ten, and the entire "Flower-Treasury World-System" chapter, close on a single sustained hymn — the longest verse of the sūtra so far, over two hundred lines without a break. Samantabhadra surveys everything the chapter has described from a new angle: not the names and shapes of individual worlds, but the single principle behind all of them — that every world-seed, pure or defiled, heavenly or infernal, luminous or dark, silent or filled with music, arises entirely through karma and vow, and that none of it, seen truly, is ever born or destroyed at all.

Translator: Ru-Yi Meditation Center Status: Part 30 — completes fascicle 10 Source: Taishō T279 (Śikṣānanda, Tang, 695–699 CE)

The Hymn on Every World-Seed

Chinese Source

爾時,普賢菩薩欲重宣其義,承佛威力而說頌言:

「華藏世界海,法界等無別,
莊嚴極清淨,安住於虛空。
此世界海中,剎種難思議,
一一皆自在,各各無雜亂。

華藏世界海,剎種善安布,
殊形異莊嚴,種種相不同。
諸佛變化音,種種為其體,
隨其業力見,剎種妙嚴飾。

須彌山城網,水旋輪圓形,
廣大蓮華開,彼彼互圍遶。
山幢樓閣形,旋轉金剛形,
如是不思議,廣大諸剎種。

大海真珠焰,光網不思議,
如是諸剎種,悉在蓮華住。
一一諸剎種,光網不可說,
光中現眾剎,普遍十方海。

一切諸剎種,所有莊嚴具,
國土悉入中,普見無有盡。
剎種不思議,世界無邊際,
種種妙嚴好,皆由大仙力。

一切剎種中,世界不思議,
或成或有壞,或有已壞滅。
譬如林中葉,有生亦有落,
如是剎種中,世界有成壞。

譬如依樹林,種種果差別,
如是依剎種,種種眾生住。
譬如種子別,生果各殊異,
業力差別故,眾生剎不同。

譬如心王寶,隨心見眾色,
眾生心淨故,得見清淨剎。
譬如大龍王,興雲遍虛空,
如是佛願力,出生諸國土。

如幻師呪術,能現種種事,
眾生業力故,國土不思議。
譬如眾繢像,畫師之所作,
如是一切剎,心畫師所成。

眾生身各異,隨心分別起,
如是剎種種,莫不皆由業。
譬如見導師,種種色差別,
隨眾生心行,見諸剎亦然。

一切諸剎際,周布蓮華網,
種種相不同,莊嚴悉清淨。
彼諸蓮華網,剎網所安住,
種種莊嚴事,種種眾生居。

或有剎土中,險惡不平坦,
由眾生煩惱,於彼如是見。
雜染及清淨,無量諸剎種,
隨眾生心起,菩薩力所持。

或有剎土中,雜染及清淨,
斯由業力起,菩薩之所化。
有剎放光明,離垢寶所成,
種種妙嚴飾,諸佛令清淨。

一一剎種中,劫燒不思議,
所現雖敗惡,其處常堅固。
由眾生業力,出生多剎土,
依止於風輪,及以水輪住。

世界法如是,種種見不同,
而實無有生,亦復無滅壞。
一一心念中,出生無量剎,
以佛威神力,悉見淨無垢。

Ru-Yi Translation

At that time, Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, wishing to proclaim this meaning once more, sustained by the Buddha's majestic power, spoke a verse, saying:

"The Flower-Treasury World-Ocean, equal to the Dharma-realm, without any distinction, adorned utterly and purely, abides securely within empty space.
Within this world-ocean, the seeds of every land are hard to conceive, each and every one sovereign and free, each and every one without any confusion or disorder.

The Flower-Treasury World-Ocean, its seeds of lands excellently arrayed, their distinct shapes and varied adornments, every kind of mark not the same.
Every buddha's transforming voice, of every kind, forms their very essence, and, according to the power of karma, one beholds the wondrous adornment of the seeds of lands.

Sumeru, cities, nets, whirling water, wheel and circle in form, vast lotus flowers in bloom, each and every one encircling the other.
Mountain-banners, pavilions in form, whirling, revolving vajra in form — such is the inconceivable, vast seed of every land.

The great ocean, true pearls, flame, a net of light inconceivable — such are the seeds of every land, all abiding upon a lotus flower.
Each and every seed of a land has a net of light beyond telling, and within that light every land is manifest, pervading the ocean of the ten directions universally.

Every kind of seed of a land, whatever adornment it possesses, every land enters entirely within it, universally beheld without exhaustion.
The seed of a land is inconceivable, and every world is without any bound, adorned in every kind of wondrous excellence — all through the power of the great sage.

Within every seed of a land, the worlds are inconceivable, some being formed, some being destroyed, some already destroyed and gone.
Just as, among the leaves of a forest, some are born and some fall, so too, within the seed of a land, worlds are formed and destroyed.

Just as, depending on a forest of trees, every kind of distinct fruit grows, so too, depending on the seed of a land, every kind of living being dwells.
Just as, according to the distinctions of seeds, the fruits they produce are each different, so too, because of the distinctions in the power of karma, the lands of living beings are not the same.

Just as the sovereign jewel of the mind-king reveals every color according to the mind, so too, because living beings' minds are pure, they attain the vision of pure lands.
Just as the great dragon-king raises clouds to fill empty space, so too, through the Buddha's own power of vow, every land is brought forth.

Just as an illusionist's own spells and incantations are able to manifest every kind of event, so too, because of the power of living beings' own karma, lands are inconceivable.
Just as every embroidered image is made by the hand of an embroiderer, so too every land is formed by the mind, that embroiderer.

The bodies of living beings are each distinct, arising according to the mind's own discrimination, and so too every kind of land — none of it but arises through karma.
Just as, beholding a guide, his forms and colors are seen distinctly according to each viewer, so too, according to the mind and conduct of living beings, the lands they behold are likewise so.

Throughout the boundary of every land, a net of lotus flowers is spread universally, its every kind of mark not the same, its adornment entirely pure.
That very net of lotus flowers is what the net of lands abides securely upon, its every kind of adorning matter, its every kind of living being's dwelling.

Some, within a land, is perilous, evil, and uneven — this is because of the afflictions of living beings that it is seen thus there.
Mixed with defilement, and also pure, immeasurable are the seeds of every land, arising according to the minds of living beings, sustained by the power of the bodhisattva.

Some, within a land, are mixed with defilement, and also pure — this arises through the power of karma, and through the transformation wrought by the bodhisattva.
Some lands emit light, formed of jewels free of defilement, adorned in every kind of wondrous way, made pure by every buddha.

Within each and every seed of a land, the burning of kalpas is inconceivable, and though what is manifest may be ruined and evil, that very place remains forever firm.
Through the power of living beings' own karma, many lands are brought forth, abiding resting upon wind-wheels, and also abiding upon water-wheels.

The Dharma of the world is thus, seen in every kind of different way, and yet in truth there is no arising at all, nor is there any destruction either.
Within each and every thought of mind, immeasurable lands are brought forth, and, through the Buddha's own majestic, spiritual power, they are all beheld pure and free of defilement."

Reading note — Ru-Yi Meditation Center

Notice the run of similes across these opening stanzas — the mind-king's jewel showing every color, the dragon-king's cloud, the illusionist's spell, the embroiderer, the guide seen differently by different eyes. Each is doing the same philosophical work from a different angle: a land's appearance is not a fixed fact about the land, but a function of the karma and mind of whoever beholds it. The stanza on burning kalpas ("though what is manifest may be ruined and evil, that very place remains forever firm") and the closing claim that worlds have "no arising at all, nor any destruction either" hold together only because the whole passage has already reframed "world" as something closer to a shared perception than a substance — destructible in appearance, but not in the way a solid object is destroyed.

The Hymn Continues: Karma, Hells, and Pure Lands

Chinese Source

「有剎泥土成,其體甚堅鞕,
黑闇無光照,惡業者所居。
有剎金剛成,雜染大憂怖,
苦多而樂少,薄福之所處。

或有用鐵成,或以赤銅作,
石山險可畏,罪惡者充滿。
剎中有地獄,眾生苦無救,
常在黑闇中,焰海所燒然。

或復有畜生,種種醜陋形,
由其自惡業,常受諸苦惱。
或見閻羅界,飢渴所煎逼,
登上大火山,受諸極重苦。

或有諸剎土,七寶所合成,
種種諸宮殿,斯由淨業得。
汝應觀世間,其中人與天,
淨業果成就,隨時受快樂。

一一毛孔中,億剎不思議,
種種相莊嚴,未曾有迫隘。
眾生各各業,世界無量種,
於中取著生,受苦樂不同。

有剎眾寶成,常放無邊光,
金剛妙蓮華,莊嚴淨無垢。
有剎光為體,依止光輪住,
金色栴檀香,焰雲普照明。

有剎月輪成,香衣悉周布,
於一蓮華內,菩薩皆充滿。
有剎眾寶成,色相無諸垢,
譬如天帝網,光明恒照耀。

有剎香為體,或是金剛華,
摩尼光影形,觀察甚清淨。
或有難思剎,華旋所成就,
化佛皆充滿,菩薩普光明。

或有清淨剎,悉是眾華樹,
妙枝布道場,蔭以摩尼雲。
有剎淨光照,金剛華所成,
有是佛化音,無邊列成網。

有剎如菩薩,摩尼妙寶冠,
或有如座形,從化光明出。
或是栴檀末,或是眉間光,
或佛光中音,而成斯妙剎。

有見清淨剎,以一光莊嚴,
或見多莊嚴,種種皆奇妙。
或用十國土,妙物作嚴飾,
或以千土中,一切為莊校;

或以億剎物,莊嚴於一土,
種種相不同,皆如影像現。
不可說土物,莊嚴於一剎,
各各放光明,如來願力起。

或有諸國土,願力所淨治,
一切莊嚴中,普見眾剎海。
諸修普賢願,所得清淨土,
三世剎莊嚴,一切於中現。

佛子汝應觀,剎種威神力,
未來諸國土,如夢悉令見。
十方諸世界,過去國土海,
咸於一剎中,現像猶如化。

三世一切佛,及以其國土,
於一剎種中,一切悉觀見。
一切佛神力,塵中現眾土,
種種悉明見,如影無真實。」

Ru-Yi Translation

"Some lands are formed of mud and earth, their very substance utterly hard and firm, dark and benighted, without any light to illumine them — the dwelling place of those of evil karma.
Some lands are formed of vajra, mixed with defilement, great sorrow and dread, much suffering and little pleasure — the place of those of scant blessing.

Some are made using iron, some fashioned from red copper, mountains of stone, perilous and fearsome, filled entirely with those of sin and evil.
Within such lands there are hells, where living beings suffer without rescue, forever dwelling in darkness, burned by an ocean of flame.

Or again there are animals, of every kind of ugly, repulsive form, who, because of their own evil karma, forever undergo every kind of suffering and affliction.
Or one sees the realm of Yama, tormented and pressed by hunger and thirst, climbing up a great mountain of fire, undergoing every kind of utterly grave suffering.

Some lands exist formed and joined from the seven jewels, every kind of palace — this is attained through pure karma.
You should contemplate the world: the humans and devas within it, the fruit of pure karma accomplished, receiving happiness according to their own time.

Within each and every pore, hundreds of millions of lands, inconceivable, adorned in every kind of mark, never once crowded or cramped.
Living beings, each with their own karma, worlds of immeasurable kinds — grasping and attaching within them, they are born, undergoing suffering and pleasure not the same.

Some lands are formed of every jewel, forever emitting boundless light, vajra and wondrous lotus flowers, adorned, pure, and free of defilement.
Some lands take light as their very essence, abiding resting upon a wheel of light, golden sandalwood fragrance, a cloud of flame universally illumining.

Some lands are formed of the moon's own wheel, fragrant garments spread universally, and within a single lotus flower, bodhisattvas fill it entirely.
Some lands are formed of every jewel, their forms and marks without any defilement, just like the net of Indra, their light forever shining bright.

Some lands take fragrance as their essence, some are the flower of vajra, the form of maṇi's light and shadow, contemplated as utterly pure.
Some lands, hard to conceive, are accomplished from a whirl of flowers, filled entirely with transformation-buddhas, bodhisattvas universally shining bright.

Some pure lands are entirely a forest of flowering trees, their wondrous branches spread across the awakening-site, shaded by a cloud of maṇi.
Some lands are illumined by pure light, formed from the flower of vajra, and there is the Buddha's own conjured voice, arrayed boundlessly to form a net.

Some lands are like a bodhisattva's own wondrous, jeweled crown of maṇi, and some are like the form of a throne, emerging from conjured light.
Some are sandalwood powder, some are the light between the brows, some are the voice within the Buddha's own light — and thus this wondrous land is formed.

Some behold a pure land adorned by a single light, and some behold it with many adornments, every kind utterly wondrous.
Some use the wondrous things of ten lands to form its ornament, and some use everything within a thousand lands as its adornment;

and some use the things of a hundred million lands to adorn a single land, their every kind of mark not the same, all manifest just like a reflection.
The things of ineffable lands adorn a single land, each and every one emitting light, arisen through the Tathāgata's own power of vow.

Some lands are purified and cultivated through the power of vow, and within every adornment, the ocean of every land is universally beheld.
Whoever cultivates Samantabhadra's own vow attains a pure land in which every land's adornment across the three periods of time is manifest entirely.

Buddha's child, you should contemplate the seed of a land's own majestic, spiritual power — every land of the future is entirely made to be seen, just like a dream.
Every world of the ten directions, the ocean of lands of the past, all are manifest within a single land, appearing just like a conjured illusion.

Every buddha of the three periods of time, together with their own lands, within a single seed of a land, every one is entirely beheld.
The spiritual power of every buddha manifests every land within a mote of dust, every kind entirely and clearly seen, like a reflection, without any true reality."

Reading note — Ru-Yi Meditation Center

This section holds the sūtra's frankest account yet of hell and animal realms — mountains of stone, oceans of flame, the hunger and thirst of Yama's own domain — placed without transition beside palaces of the seven jewels and lands "formed of light." Neither is treated as more or less real than the other; both are said, in the very next stanza, to be "obtained" through karma, pure or otherwise. The passage refuses the comfort of keeping cosmology and ethics in separate rooms: a hell realm here is not a metaphysical curiosity but the direct, stated consequence of "evil karma," described in the same breath and the same meter as the wondrous lands built from vow and merit.

The Hymn Concludes: Shapes, Buddhas, Light, and Sound

Chinese Source

「或有眾多剎,其形如大海,
或如須彌山,世界不思議。
有剎善安住,其形如帝網,
或如樹林形,諸佛滿其中。

或作寶輪形,或有蓮華狀,
八隅備眾飾,種種悉清淨。
或有如座形,或復有三隅,
或如佉勒迦,城廓梵王身。

或如天主髻,或有如半月,
或如摩尼山,或如日輪形。
或有世界形,譬如香海旋,
或作光明輪,佛昔所嚴淨。

或有輪輞形,或有壇墠形,
或如佛毫相,肉髻廣長眼。
或有如佛手,或如金剛杵,
或如焰山形,菩薩悉周遍。

或如師子形,或如海蚌形,
無量諸色相,體性各差別。
於一剎種中,剎形無有盡,
皆由佛願力,護念得安住。

有剎住一劫,或住於十劫,
乃至過百千,國土微塵數。
或於一劫中,見剎有成壞,
或無量無數,乃至不思議。

或有剎有佛,或有剎無佛,
或有唯一佛,或有無量佛。
國土若無佛,他方世界中,
有佛變化來,為現諸能事。

沒天與降神,處胎及出生,
降魔成正覺,轉無上法輪。
隨眾生心樂,示現種種相,
為轉妙法輪,悉應其根欲。

一一佛剎中,一佛出興世,
經於億千歲,演說無上法。
眾生非法器,不能見諸佛,
若有心樂者,一切處皆見。

一一剎土中,各有佛興世,
一切剎中佛,億數不思議。
此中一一佛,現無量神變,
悉遍於法界,調伏眾生海。

有剎無光明,黑闇多恐懼,
苦觸如刀劍,見者自酸毒。
或有諸天光,或有宮殿光,
或日月光明,剎網難思議。

有剎自光明,或樹放淨光,
未曾有苦惱,眾生福力故。
或有山光明,或有摩尼光,
或以燈光照,悉眾生業力。

或有佛光明,菩薩滿其中,
有是蓮華光,焰色甚嚴好。
有剎華光照,有以香水照,
塗香燒香照,皆由淨願力。

有以雲光照,摩尼蚌光照,
佛神力光照,能宣悅意聲。
或以寶光照,或金剛焰照,
淨音能遠震,所至無眾苦。

或有摩尼光,或是嚴具光,
或道場光明,照耀眾會中。
佛放大光明,化佛滿其中,
其光普照觸,法界悉周遍。

有剎甚可畏,嘷叫大苦聲,
其聲極酸楚,聞者生厭怖。
地獄畜生道,及以閻羅處,
是濁惡世界,恒出憂苦聲。

或有國土中,常出可樂音,
悅意順其教,斯由淨業得。
或有國土中,恒聞帝釋音,
或聞梵天音,一切世主音。

或有諸剎土,雲中出妙聲,
寶海摩尼樹,及樂音遍滿。
諸佛圓光內,化聲無有盡,
及菩薩妙音,周聞十方剎。

不可思議國,普轉法輪聲,
願海所出聲,修行妙音聲。
三世一切佛,出生諸世界,
名號皆具足,音聲無有盡。

或有剎中聞,一切佛力音,
地度及無量,如是法皆演。
普賢誓願力,億剎演妙音,
其音若雷震,住劫亦無盡。

佛於清淨國,示現自在音,
十方法界中,一切無不聞。」

Ru-Yi Translation

"Some, many lands, their shape like a great ocean, or like Sumeru — the world is inconceivable.
Some lands abide securely, their shape like Indra's net, or like the form of a forest of trees, filled entirely with every buddha.

Some take the form of a jeweled wheel, some have the shape of a lotus flower, eight-cornered, complete with every ornament, every kind entirely pure.
Some are like the form of a throne, and some again have three corners, some are like a khalka-vessel, a city wall, the body of the Brahmā king.

Some are like the topknot of the lord of devas, and some are like a half-moon, some are like a mountain of maṇi, some are like the form of the sun's own wheel.
Some, the shape of a world, are just like a fragrant ocean's whirl, and some take the form of a wheel of light, adorned and purified by the Buddha in ages past.

Some have the form of a wheel's rim, and some have the form of an altar-terrace, some are like the Buddha's own curling mark, his fleshy crown, his broad and long eye.
Some are like the Buddha's own hand, and some are like a vajra pestle, some are like the form of a blazing mountain, filled entirely with bodhisattvas.

Some are like the form of a lion, and some are like the form of a sea-clam, immeasurable are their forms and marks, their very nature each distinct.
Within a single seed of a land, the forms of lands are without any exhaustion, all abiding securely, sustained through the Buddha's own power of vow and mindful care.

Some lands abide for a single kalpa, and some abide for ten kalpas, reaching even beyond a hundred thousand, as numerous as the fine motes of dust in a land.
Or, within a single kalpa, one beholds a land being formed and destroyed, or immeasurable and countless times, reaching even the inconceivable.

Some lands have a buddha, and some lands have no buddha at all, some have only a single buddha, and some have immeasurable buddhas.
If a land has no buddha, then, from another world in another direction, a buddha comes by transformation, to manifest for them every kind of capable deed.

Descending from a heaven and descending in spirit, dwelling in the womb and being born, subduing Māra and accomplishing true awakening, turning the unsurpassed Dharma-wheel.
According to the delight of living beings' own minds, he reveals every kind of mark, in order to turn the wondrous Dharma-wheel, entirely fitting their own faculties and desires.

Within each and every buddha-land, a single buddha appears in the world, passing through hundreds of millions of thousands of years, expounding the unsurpassed Dharma.
Living beings who are not vessels for the Dharma are unable to behold any buddha; if there is one whose mind delights in it, they behold him in every single place.

Within each and every land, there is, in each, a buddha appearing in the world, and the number of buddhas within every land is hundreds of millions, inconceivable.
Within these, each and every buddha manifests immeasurable spiritual transformation, pervading the Dharma-realm entirely, taming the ocean of living beings.

Some lands are without any light, dark and benighted, filled with much dread, their touch of suffering like a knife or sword, those who behold it themselves grieving in bitter pain.
Some have the light of devas, and some have the light of palaces, and some have the light of sun and moon — the net of lands is hard to conceive.

Some lands have their own light, and some have trees that emit pure light, never once suffering any affliction — this is because of the power of living beings' own blessing.
Some have the light of mountains, and some have the light of maṇi, and some are illumined by lamplight — all through the power of living beings' own karma.

Some have the Buddha's own light, filled entirely with bodhisattvas, and there is the light of the lotus flower, its color of flame utterly excellent and fine.
Some lands are illumined by the light of flowers, and some illumined by fragrant water, illumined by anointing incense and burning incense — all through the power of pure vow.

Some are illumined by the light of clouds, illumined by the light of maṇi and sea-clams, illumined by the light of the Buddha's own spiritual power, able to proclaim a delightful voice.
Some are illumined by the light of jewels, some illumined by the flame of vajra, and a pure voice is able to shake far and wide, reaching every place without any suffering.

Some have the light of maṇi, and some the light of an adorning implement, and some the light of the awakening-site, shining bright within the assembly.
The Buddha emits great light, filled entirely with transformation-buddhas, and that light universally illumines and touches everything, pervading the Dharma-realm entirely.

Some lands are utterly fearsome, howling and crying out with a voice of great suffering, that voice utterly bitter and grievous, causing whoever hears it to give rise to loathing and dread.
The hells, the realm of animals, and also the place of Yama — such is the turbid, evil world, forever sending forth a voice of sorrow and suffering.

Some, within a land, forever send forth a delightful voice, pleasing to the mind, according with its own teaching — this is attained through pure karma.
Some, within a land, forever hear the voice of Śakra, or hear the voice of Brahmā, the voice of every lord of the world.

Some lands, from within their very clouds, send forth a wondrous voice, an ocean of jewels, trees of maṇi, and the voice of music filling everything.
Within every buddha's perfect halo of light, a conjured voice without any exhaustion, and the wondrous voice of bodhisattvas, heard throughout every land of the ten directions.

Inconceivable lands universally turn the voice of the Dharma-wheel, the voice sent forth from the ocean of vows, the wondrous voice of cultivated practice.
Every buddha of the three periods of time, appearing throughout every world, their names all fully endowed, their voices without any exhaustion.

Some, within a land, hear the voice of every buddha's own power, the grounds, the pāramitās, and the immeasurable — every such dharma is proclaimed.
Through the power of Samantabhadra's own vow, hundreds of millions of lands proclaim a wondrous voice, that voice like a peal of thunder, abiding through kalpas without any exhaustion.

The Buddha, within his own pure land, reveals a sovereign voice, and throughout the Dharma-realm of the ten directions, there is nowhere it fails to be heard."

Reading note — Ru-Yi Meditation Center

The hymn's final movement turns from sight to sound, and its very last image is worth sitting with: not a vision at all, but "a sovereign voice" that reaches "throughout the Dharma-realm of the ten directions," heard everywhere without exception. After thirty fascicles' worth of shapes, jewels, and light, the entire chapter's last word is an act of hearing. Two full fascicles and this single, unbroken hymn have surveyed a cosmology whose scale defeats paraphrase — every shape a land can take, every fate karma can produce, every kind of light and voice a world can hold — and the chapter closes not by resolving that scale into a single image, but by insisting it can all, somehow, still be heard as one sound.

Part 30 Complete — Fascicle Ten Complete — Chapter Complete

This closes Part 30, fascicle ten, and the sūtra's fifth chapter, "The Flower-Treasury World-System" (華藏世界品第五) in its entirety: three fascicles (eight, nine, and ten) spent on a single cosmology — the wind-wheels and encircling mountain, the ground and its fragrant water oceans and rivers, the central world-seed whose thirteenth tier is this very Sahā world, the ten world-seeds that surround it, the further rings surrounding each of those, and finally this closing hymn drawing the whole structure into a single claim: that every land, however it appears, arises through karma and vow, and that seen truly, none of it is ever born or destroyed. Fascicle eleven opens the sūtra's sixth chapter.