The Four Noble Truths Begin
Mañjuśrī now turns from the Buddha's own names to the very first teaching he ever gave — suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the path — and applies to it the identical logic just established: within this Sahā world alone, each of the Four Noble Truths already carries ten different names, and the same fourfold naming repeats, differently, in every world beyond it.
The Four Noble Truths in This Sahā World
爾時,文殊師利菩薩摩訶薩告諸菩薩言:「諸佛子!苦聖諦,此娑婆世界中,或名:罪,或名:逼迫,或名:變異,或名:攀緣,或名:聚,或名:刺,或名:依根,或名:虛誑,或名:癰瘡處,或名:愚夫行。諸佛子!苦集聖諦,此娑婆世界中,或名:繫縛,或名:滅壞,或名:愛著義,或名:妄覺念,或名:趣入,或名:決定,或名:網,或名:戲論,或名:隨行,或名:顛倒根。諸佛子!苦滅聖諦,此娑婆世界中,或名:無諍,或名:離塵,或名:寂靜,或名:無相,或名:無沒,或名:無自性,或名:無障礙,或名:滅,或名:體真實,或名:住自性。諸佛子!苦滅道聖諦,此娑婆世界中,或名:一乘,或名:趣寂,或名:導引,或名:究竟無分別,或名:平等,或名:捨擔,或名:無所趣,或名:隨聖意,或名:仙人行,或名:十藏。諸佛子!此娑婆世界說四聖諦,有如是等四百億十千名;隨眾生心,悉令調伏。」
At that time, Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva-Mahāsattva addressed the bodhisattvas, saying: "Buddha's children! The Noble Truth of Suffering, within this Sahā world, is variously named: Transgression, or named Oppression, or named Transformation and Change, or named Grasping and Conditioning, or named Accumulation, or named the Thorn, or named That Which Rests Upon the Faculties, or named Falsehood and Deception, or named the Place of the Boil and Wound, or named the Conduct of the Foolish. Buddha's children! The Noble Truth of Suffering's Origin, within this Sahā world, is variously named: Bondage, or named Destruction and Ruin, or named the Meaning of Love and Attachment, or named False, Deluded Thought, or named Entering In, or named Resolution, or named the Net, or named Idle Discourse, or named Following Conduct, or named the Root of Inversion. Buddha's children! The Noble Truth of Suffering's Cessation, within this Sahā world, is variously named: Free of Contention, or named Free of Defilement, or named Tranquility, or named Marklessness, or named Without Submergence, or named Without Any Fixed Nature, or named Without Any Obstruction, or named Cessation, or named the True Body, or named Abiding in One's Own Nature. Buddha's children! The Noble Truth of the Path to Suffering's Cessation, within this Sahā world, is variously named: the Single Vehicle, or named Hastening Toward Tranquility, or named Guidance, or named the Ultimate Without Discrimination, or named Equality, or named Laying Down the Burden, or named That Which Has No Destination, or named Following the Sage's Own Intent, or named the Sage's Own Conduct, or named the Ten Treasuries. Buddha's children! This Sahā world's teaching of the Four Noble Truths has such names as these, four hundred million and ten thousand of them; according to the mind of every living being, it causes them all to be tamed."
Even within a single world, the same truth accumulates a striking range of names — suffering as "the Thorn" beside suffering as "the Place of the Boil and Wound," suffering's cessation as "Free of Contention" beside cessation as simply "the True Body." Chengguan's commentary reads this multiplicity as already doing real doctrinal work: the Four Noble Truths are not one fixed formula memorized once, but a structure flexible enough to be recognized under an unbounded range of descriptions, each name catching some facet the others do not.
The Secret Instruction World
「諸佛子!此娑婆世界所言苦聖諦者,彼密訓世界中,或名:營求根,或名:不出離,或名:繫縛本,或名:作所不應作,或名:普鬪諍,或名:分析悉無力,或名:作所依,或名:極苦,或名:躁動,或名:形狀物。諸佛子!所言苦集聖諦者,彼密訓世界中,或名:順生死,或名:染著,或名:燒然,或名:流轉,或名:敗壞根,或名:續諸有,或名:惡行,或名:愛著,或名:病源,或名:分數。諸佛子!所言苦滅聖諦者,彼密訓世界中,或名:第一義,或名:出離,或名:可讚歎,或名:安隱,或名:善入處,或名:調伏,或名:一分,或名:無罪,或名:離貪,或名:決定。諸佛子!所言苦滅道聖諦者,彼密訓世界中,或名:猛將,或名:上行,或名:超出,或名:有方便,或名:平等眼,或名:離邊,或名:了悟,或名:攝取,或名:最勝眼,或名:觀方。諸佛子!密訓世界說四聖諦,有如是等四百億十千名;隨眾生心,悉令調伏。」
"Buddha's children! What is called, in this Sahā world, the Noble Truth of Suffering — within that Secret Instruction world, it is variously named: the Root of Seeking and Scheming, or named Not Going Forth, or named the Root of Bondage, or named Doing What Should Not Be Done, or named Universal Strife, or named Analysis Utterly Without Power, or named That Upon Which One Relies, or named Utmost Suffering, or named Restless Agitation, or named the Thing of Form and Shape. Buddha's children! What is called the Noble Truth of Suffering's Origin — within that Secret Instruction world, it is variously named: Following Birth-and-Death, or named Defiled Attachment, or named Burning, or named Transmigration, or named the Root of Ruin, or named Continuing Every State of Being, or named Evil Conduct, or named Love and Attachment, or named the Source of Sickness, or named Portion and Measure. Buddha's children! What is called the Noble Truth of Suffering's Cessation — within that Secret Instruction world, it is variously named: the Ultimate Meaning, or named Going Forth, or named Worthy of Praise, or named Peace and Security, or named the Excellent Place of Entry, or named Taming, or named a Single Portion, or named Without Transgression, or named Free of Desire, or named Resolution. Buddha's children! What is called the Noble Truth of the Path to Suffering's Cessation — within that Secret Instruction world, it is variously named: the Valiant General, or named Supreme Conduct, or named Transcendence, or named Possessing Skillful Means, or named the Eye of Equality, or named Free of Extremes, or named Thorough Awakening, or named Gathering In, or named the Supreme Eye, or named Contemplating Direction. Buddha's children! The Secret Instruction world's teaching of the Four Noble Truths has such names as these, four hundred million and ten thousand of them; according to the mind of every living being, it causes them all to be tamed."
The Supreme World
「諸佛子!此娑婆世界所言苦聖諦者,彼最勝世界中,或名:恐怖,或名:分段,或名:可厭惡,或名:須承事,或名:變異,或名:招引怨,或名:能欺奪,或名:難共事,或名:妄分別,或名:有勢力。諸佛子!所言苦集聖諦者,彼最勝世界中,或名:敗壞,或名:癡根,或名:大怨,或名:利刃,或名:滅味,或名:仇對,或名:非己物,或名:惡導引,或名:增黑闇,或名:壞善利。諸佛子!所言苦滅聖諦者,彼最勝世界中,或名:大義,或名:饒益,或名:義中義,或名:無量,或名:所應見,或名:離分別,或名:最上調伏,或名:常平等,或名:可同住,或名:無為。諸佛子!所言苦滅道聖諦者,彼最勝世界中,或名:能燒然,或名:最上品,或名:決定,或名:無能破,或名:深方便,或名:出離,或名:不下劣,或名:通達,或名:解脫性,或名:能度脫。諸佛子!最勝世界說四聖諦,有如是等四百億十千名;隨眾生心,悉令調伏。」
"Buddha's children! What is called, in this Sahā world, the Noble Truth of Suffering — within that Supreme world, it is variously named: Terror, or named Fragment and Division, or named Worthy of Loathing, or named Requiring Service, or named Change and Transformation, or named Inviting Enmity, or named Able to Deceive and Plunder, or named Hard to Work Together With, or named False Discrimination, or named Possessing Force. Buddha's children! What is called the Noble Truth of Suffering's Origin — within that Supreme world, it is variously named: Ruin, or named the Root of Delusion, or named Great Enmity, or named the Sharp Blade, or named Extinguishing Flavor, or named Enmity and Opposition, or named Not One's Own Possession, or named Evil Guidance, or named Increasing Darkness, or named Destroying Excellent Benefit. Buddha's children! What is called the Noble Truth of Suffering's Cessation — within that Supreme world, it is variously named: Great Meaning, or named Abundant Benefit, or named the Meaning Within Meaning, or named Immeasurability, or named That Which Should Be Seen, or named Free of Discrimination, or named Supreme Taming, or named Forever Equal, or named Worthy of Dwelling Together, or named the Unconditioned. Buddha's children! What is called the Noble Truth of the Path to Suffering's Cessation — within that Supreme world, it is variously named: Able to Burn, or named Supreme Rank, or named Resolution, or named Unable to Be Broken, or named Profound Skillful Means, or named Going Forth, or named Not Inferior, or named Penetration, or named the Nature of Liberation, or named Able to Ferry Across and Liberate. Buddha's children! The Supreme world's teaching of the Four Noble Truths has such names as these, four hundred million and ten thousand of them; according to the mind of every living being, it causes them all to be tamed."
The World Free of Defilement
「諸佛子!此娑婆世界所言苦聖諦者,彼離垢世界中,或名:悔恨,或名:資待,或名:展轉,或名:住城,或名:一味,或名:非法,或名:居宅,或名:妄著處,或名:虛妄見,或名:無有數。諸佛子!所言苦集聖諦者,彼離垢世界中,或名:無實物,或名:但有語,或名:非潔白,或名:生地,或名:執取,或名:鄙賤,或名:增長,或名:重擔,或名:能生,或名:麁獷。諸佛子!所言苦滅聖諦者,彼離垢世界中,或名:無等等,或名:普除盡,或名:離垢,或名:最勝根,或名:稱會,或名:無資待,或名:滅惑,或名:最上,或名:畢竟,或名:破印。諸佛子!所言苦滅道聖諦者,彼離垢世界中,或名:堅固物,或名:方便分,或名:解脫本,或名:本性實,或名:不可毀,或名:最清淨,或名:諸有邊,或名:受寄全,或名:作究竟,或名:淨分別。諸佛子!離垢世界說四聖諦,有如是等四百億十千名;隨眾生心,悉令調伏。」
"Buddha's children! What is called, in this Sahā world, the Noble Truth of Suffering — within that Free of Defilement world, it is variously named: Regret and Resentment, or named Reliance and Dependence, or named Turning and Rolling Onward, or named Dwelling in a City, or named a Single Flavor, or named Non-Dharma, or named Dwelling and Abode, or named the Place of False Attachment, or named False View, or named Without Any Number. Buddha's children! What is called the Noble Truth of Suffering's Origin — within that Free of Defilement world, it is variously named: Without Any Real Thing, or named Only Having Speech, or named Not Pure White, or named the Ground of Birth, or named Grasping and Seizing, or named Base and Lowly, or named Increase, or named Heavy Burden, or named Able to Give Birth, or named Coarse and Rough. Buddha's children! What is called the Noble Truth of Suffering's Cessation — within that Free of Defilement world, it is variously named: Equal to the Unequaled, or named Universally Removed and Exhausted, or named Free of Defilement, or named the Supreme Faculty, or named Fitting Meeting, or named Without Reliance, or named Extinguishing Delusion, or named the Supreme, or named the Ultimate, or named Breaking the Seal. Buddha's children! What is called the Noble Truth of the Path to Suffering's Cessation — within that Free of Defilement world, it is variously named: the Firm Thing, or named the Portion of Skillful Means, or named the Root of Liberation, or named the True, Original Nature, or named Unable to Be Destroyed, or named Utterly Pure, or named the Bound of Every State of Being, or named Receiving the Whole Entrustment, or named Making the Ultimate, or named Pure Discrimination. Buddha's children! The Free of Defilement world's teaching of the Four Noble Truths has such names as these, four hundred million and ten thousand of them; according to the mind of every living being, it causes them all to be tamed."
Worth noting: this chapter's list of neighboring worlds is not identical to the ten named back in Part 35 for "The Names of the Tathāgata," even though several names recur (Secret Instruction, Free of Defilement, Gathering In, Abundant Benefit, Scant and Few, Joy, the Gate-Bolt, Resounding Voice all appear in both). Here a world named Supreme takes a position that chapter used for a world named Abundant Overflow, and Abundant Overflow itself reappears later in this list instead. This translation renders each chapter exactly as its own text gives it, rather than forcing the two lists into an artificial match the source itself does not make.
Part 36 Complete
This closes Part 36, continuing fascicle twelve and the sūtra's eighth chapter, "The Four Noble Truths" (四聖諦品第八): the ten names of each truth within this Sahā world, and within three worlds beyond it — Secret Instruction, Supreme, and Free of Defilement. Part 37 continues with three more worlds.