Ten Powers, and Every Name for Them
Ten powers are given, each with what it is for, and then the sūtra runs through nearly forty further names for the same thing — great, victorious, unshakeable, the power of a good man's training, the power of accumulated roots, the power that no being can outshine.
Ten Powers for Working Among Beings
The stated purpose of the whole set is given first — cultivating practice in the realm of beings — and every one of the ten is justified by what it makes possible there.
佛子！菩薩摩訶薩得如是十種殊勝已，復得十種力，於眾生界修習諸行。何等為十？一謂勇健力，調伏世間故；二謂精進力，恒不退轉故；三謂無著力，離諸垢染故；四謂寂靜力，於一切法無諍論故；五謂逆順力，於一切法心自在故；六謂法性力，於諸義中得自在故；七謂無礙力，智慧廣大故；八謂無畏力，能說諸法故；九謂辯才力，能持諸法故；十謂開示力，智慧無邊故。
Child of the Buddha! When a bodhisattva mahāsattva has obtained these ten excellences, they further obtain ten powers, with which they cultivate their practices in the realm of beings. What are the ten? First, the power of courage and vigour, because they tame the world. Second, the power of diligence, because they never regress. Third, the power of non-attachment, because they are apart from every stain. Fourth, the power of stillness, because in all dharmas they have no contention. Fifth, the power of going against and with the grain, because in all dharmas their mind is sovereignly free. Sixth, the power of the nature of dharmas, because in every meaning they attain sovereign freedom. Seventh, the power of non-obstruction, because their wisdom is vast. Eighth, the power of fearlessness, because they can expound the dharmas. Ninth, the power of eloquence, because they can uphold the dharmas. Tenth, the power of revealing, because their wisdom is boundless.
逆順力，於一切法心自在故 — the power of going against and with the grain, because in all dharmas their mind is sovereignly free. 逆順 covers both moving with a situation and cutting across it. The reason given is not that either direction is correct but that the mind is not committed to one, which is what freedom in this chapter has consistently meant.
The Same Powers, Named Again and Again
Nearly forty names in a single sentence, moving from qualities to sources — accumulated roots, the Tathāgata's power, a good man's training — and ending with what nothing can shake.
佛子！此十種力是廣大力、最勝力、無能摧伏力、無量力、善集力、不動力、堅固力、智慧力、成就力、勝定力、清淨力、極清淨力、法身力、法光明力、法燈力、法門力、無能壞力、極勇猛力、大丈夫力、善丈夫修習力、成正覺力、過去積集善根力、安住無量善根力、住如來力力、心思惟力、增長菩薩歡喜力、出生菩薩淨信力、增長菩薩勇猛力、菩提心所生力、菩薩清淨深心力、菩薩殊勝深心力、菩薩善根熏習力、究竟諸法力、無障礙身力、入方便善巧法門力、清淨妙法力、安住大勢一切世間不能傾動力、一切眾生無能映蔽力。
Child of the Buddha! These ten powers are the vast power, the most surpassing power, the power that none can crush, the measureless power, the well-gathered power, the unmoving power, the firm power, the power of wisdom, the power of accomplishment, the power of surpassing concentration, the pure power, the utterly pure power, the power of the Dharma-body, the power of the Dharma's radiance, the power of the Dharma-lamp, the power of the Dharma-gateway, the power that cannot be destroyed, the power of utmost courage, the power of a great man, the power of a good man's cultivation, the power of accomplishing perfect awakening, the power of wholesome roots accumulated in the past, the power of abiding in measureless wholesome roots, the power of abiding in the Tathāgata's power, the power of the mind's deliberation, the power that increases a bodhisattva's gladness, the power that produces a bodhisattva's pure faith, the power that increases a bodhisattva's courage, the power born of the mind of awakening, the power of a bodhisattva's pure and profound mind, the power of a bodhisattva's surpassing profound mind, the power of the perfuming of a bodhisattva's wholesome roots, the power that brings all dharmas to their end, the power of a body without obstruction, the power of entering the dharma-gateways of skillful means, the power of the pure and wondrous Dharma, the power of abiding in great authority that nothing in any world can shake, and the power that no being can outshine.
佛子！此菩薩摩訶薩於如是無量功德法，能生，能成就，能圓滿，能照明，能具足，能遍具足，能廣大，能堅固，能增長，能淨治，能遍淨治。此菩薩功德邊際、智慧邊際、修行邊際、法門邊際、自在邊際、苦行邊際、成就邊際、清淨邊際、出離邊際、法自在邊際，無能說者。此菩薩所獲得、所成就、所趣入、所現前、所有境界、所有觀察、所有證入、所有清淨、所有了知、所有建立一切法門，於不可說劫無能說盡。
Child of the Buddha! Of such measureless meritorious dharmas this bodhisattva mahāsattva can give rise to them, can accomplish them, can bring them to fullness, can illumine them, can be complete in them, can be completely and universally complete in them, can make them vast, can make them firm, can increase them, can purify them, and can purify them throughout. The limit of this bodhisattva's merit, the limit of their wisdom, the limit of their practice, the limit of their dharma-gateways, the limit of their sovereign freedom, the limit of their ascetic effort, the limit of their accomplishment, the limit of their purity, the limit of their deliverance, and the limit of their freedom in the Dharma — there is none who could tell them. All the dharma-gateways this bodhisattva has obtained, accomplished, entered upon, brought to presence — every domain of theirs, every contemplation, every realization, every purification, every comprehension and everything they have established — in kalpas beyond speaking it could not be told to the end.
善丈夫修習力 — the power of a good man's cultivation. Among names like the Dharma-body and perfect awakening, this one credits practice done by an ordinary decent person. It sits directly after 大丈夫力, the power of a great man, and the pairing is deliberate: greatness and training named side by side.
苦行邊際 — the limit of their ascetic effort. In a list of limits that cannot be told — merit, wisdom, purity — the sūtra includes hard practice. Nothing in this chapter has suggested that the samādhis are easily come by, and this is the one word that says so plainly.
Part 523 Complete
This continues chapter twenty-seven, 十定品, The Ten Concentrations, in fascicle forty-two. Part 524 gives the great simile of Lake Anavatapta, from whose four mouths four rivers pour out over silver, diamond, gold and beryl sands, circling the lake seven times before running to the sea — and the sunlight on that lake in which every grain of sand shows the sun's reflection, and each reflection shows all the others.