Ten Dharmas Equal to Every Buddha
The list of what this samādhi grants closes on ten dharmas equal to every buddha of the three times — and then Universal Eye Bodhisattva, who opened this whole chapter searching for Samantabhadra, turns to him directly with eleven questions, each asking why such a being is still not simply called what he already equals.
Ten Dharmas Equal to Every Buddha
Before naming what makes this bodhisattva equal to a buddha, the text first names nine separate sources for the merit already described — none of them a single cause standing in for all the rest.
佛子！菩薩摩訶薩住此三昧，得如是等百千億那由他不可說不可說清淨功德，於如是等三昧境界得自在故，一切諸佛所加被故，自善根力之所流故，入智慧地大威力故，諸善知識引導力故，摧伏一切諸魔力故，同分善根淳淨力故，廣大誓願欲樂力故，所種善根成就力故，超諸世間無盡之福、無對力故。
Sons of the Buddha! The bodhisattva-mahāsattva, abiding in this samādhi, attains pure merits such as these, a hundred thousand koṭis of nayutas, ineffably ineffable in number — because he attains sovereign freedom in realms of samādhi such as these; because he is empowered by all buddhas; because these merits flow from the power of his own wholesome roots; because he enters the great awesome power of the ground of wisdom; because of the power of guidance from good spiritual friends; because of the power that crushes and subdues every māra; because of the power of shared wholesome roots, pure and undefiled; because of the power of vast vows and aspiration; because of the power of accomplishment in the wholesome roots he has planted; and because of the power, surpassing the world, of inexhaustible and peerless merit.
「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩住此三昧，得十種法，同去、來、今一切諸佛。何者為十？所謂：得諸相好，種種莊嚴，同於諸佛；能放清淨大光明網，同於諸佛；神通變化，調伏眾生，同於諸佛；無邊色身，清淨圓音，同於諸佛；隨眾生業現淨佛國，同於諸佛；一切眾生所有語言皆能攝持、不忘不失，同於諸佛；無盡辯才隨眾生心而轉法輪令生智慧，同於諸佛；大師子吼無所怯畏，以無量法開悟群生，同於諸佛；於一念頃，以大神通普入三世，同於諸佛；普能顯示一切眾生諸佛莊嚴、諸佛威力、諸佛境界，同於諸佛。」
Sons of the Buddha! The bodhisattva-mahāsattva, abiding in this samādhi, attains ten dharmas equal to all buddhas of the past, future, and present. What are these ten? They are: attaining the marks and signs of a buddha, adorned in every way, equal to the buddhas; able to emit a great net of pure light, equal to the buddhas; spiritual powers and transformations that tame beings, equal to the buddhas; a boundless body of form and a pure, perfect voice, equal to the buddhas; manifesting pure buddha-lands according to beings' karma, equal to the buddhas; able to hold in mind every language spoken by all beings, never forgetting or losing it, equal to the buddhas; inexhaustible eloquence that turns the Dharma-wheel according to beings' minds and gives rise to wisdom, equal to the buddhas; the great lion's roar, free of timidity, awakening the multitudes with measureless dharmas, equal to the buddhas; within the space of a single thought, entering the three times everywhere through great spiritual power, equal to the buddhas; and able to display, for all beings, the buddhas' adornments, the buddhas' awesome power, and the buddhas' realm, equal to the buddhas.
同於諸佛 — equal to the buddhas. Repeated ten times as a refrain closing every clause in the list, the phrase does the work a heading normally would: each item names a different capacity — marks, light, power, voice, lands, language, eloquence, the lion's roar, entering the three times, displaying the buddhas' own realm — but none of them is allowed to stand alone without being measured against the same standard.
Why Is He Not Simply Called Buddha?
A bodhisattva equal to every buddha in ten distinct ways raises an obvious question, and it is Universal Eye — the same bodhisattva whose search for Samantabhadra opened this entire chapter, back in Part 491 — who asks it.
爾時，普眼菩薩白普賢菩薩言：「佛子！此菩薩摩訶薩得如是法，同諸如來，何故不名：佛？何故不名：十力？何故不名：一切智？何故不名：一切法中得菩提者？何故不得名為：普眼？何故不名：一切境中無礙見者？何故不名：覺一切法？何故不名：與三世佛無二住者？何故不名：住實際者？何故修行普賢行願猶未休息？何故不能究竟法界捨菩薩道？」
At that time, Universal Eye Bodhisattva said to Samantabhadra Bodhisattva: "Sons of the Buddha! This bodhisattva-mahāsattva, having attained dharmas such as these, is equal to all tathāgatas — why, then, is he not called a buddha? Why is he not called the ten powers? Why is he not called all-knowing wisdom? Why is he not called one who has attained bodhi within all dharmas? Why is he not given the name Universal Eye? Why is he not called one who sees without obstruction in every realm? Why is he not called one who awakens to all dharmas? Why is he not called one who abides without duality with the buddhas of the three times? Why is he not called one who abides in ultimate reality? Why does he cultivate the practices and vows of Samantabhadra without yet resting? And why can he not reach the ultimate of the dharma-realm and relinquish the bodhisattva path?"
何故不得名為：普眼 — why is he not given the name Universal Eye? Fifth in a list of eleven titles, and the only one that happens to be the questioner's own name. Universal Eye does not exempt himself from the list of things this bodhisattva has already equaled — his own attainment is put forward as just one more honorific this figure has matched without receiving.
Part 543 Complete
This continues chapter twenty-seven, 十定品, The Ten Concentrations, in fascicle forty-three. Part 544 opens Samantabhadra's answer: eleven paired definitions, each distinguishing what earns the name "buddha" from what earns the name "bodhisattva," beginning with the claim that entering the wisdom of every practice and vow, unceasingly, is itself what the word bodhisattva means.