Part 545 of the collection · Fascicle 43 of 80 · 十定品第二十七之四 · T279

The Elephant King Airāvaṇa

A new kind of simile — not a quality kept, but a form completely put on and taken off. Airāvaṇa the elephant king becomes indistinguishable from a god to serve Śakra, while in his own mountain cave he never changes at all; the bodhisattva who is likened to him is built, ornament by ornament, entirely out of dharma.

Translator: Ru-Yi Meditation Center Status: Part 545 — an elephant who becomes a god Source: Taishō T279 (Śikṣānanda, Tang, 695–699 CE)

The Elephant King Airāvaṇa

The elephant's own splendor is described first, at length, before the story of what he does with it even begins.

Chinese Source

佛子!譬如伊羅鉢那象王,住金脇山七寶窟中,其窟周圍悉以七寶而為欄楯,寶多羅樹次第行列,真金羅網彌覆其上;象身潔白猶如珂雪,上立金幢,金為瓔珞,寶網覆鼻,寶鈴垂下,七肢成就,六牙具足,端正充滿,見者欣樂,調良善順,心無所逆。

Ru-Yi Translation

Sons of the Buddha! It is like Airāvaṇa, king of elephants, who dwells in a cave of the seven jewels within the Golden-Flank Mountain; the cave's surroundings are entirely made of railings of the seven jewels, jeweled tāla-palm trees stand arrayed in ordered rows, and a net of true gold spreads over and covers it all. The elephant's body is pure white, like conch-shell or snow; a golden banner stands upon it, golden jeweled necklaces adorn it, a jeweled net covers its trunk, and jeweled bells hang down; its seven limbs are complete and its six tusks fully formed, upright and full in every proportion, so that all who see it rejoice; it is gentle, well-trained, and compliant, its mind never resisting.

Chinese Source

若天帝釋將欲遊行,爾時象王即知其意,便於寶窟而沒其形,至忉利天釋主之前,以神通力種種變現,令其身有三十三頭,於一一頭化作七牙,於一一牙化作七池,一一池中有七蓮華,一一華中有七采女,一時俱奏百千天樂。是時,帝釋乘茲寶象,從難勝殿往詣華園,芬陀利華遍滿其中。是時,帝釋至華園已,從象而下,入於一切寶莊嚴殿,無量采女以為侍從,歌詠妓樂受諸快樂。

Ru-Yi Translation

Whenever Śakra, lord of the gods, wishes to go on an outing, the elephant king immediately knows his intention and at once conceals its form within the jeweled cave, appearing before Śakra, ruler of Trāyastriṃśa, and through spiritual power manifesting transformations of every kind — giving its body thirty-three heads, on each and every head transforming forth seven tusks, on each and every tusk transforming forth seven pools, in each and every pool seven lotus flowers, and in each and every flower seven celestial maidens, all at once playing a hundred thousand heavenly musics together. At that time Śakra mounts this jeweled elephant and travels from the Hall Hard to Conquer to the Flower Garden, where puṇḍarīka lotuses fill the whole place; and having arrived at the Flower Garden, he dismounts from the elephant and enters the Hall Adorned with Every Jewel, where measureless celestial maidens attend him, and, amid singing and music, he enjoys every delight.

Reading note — Ru-Yi Meditation Center

三十三頭…七牙…七池…七蓮華…七采女 — thirty-three heads, each with seven tusks, each tusk with seven pools, each pool with seven lotuses, each lotus with seven maidens. The same cascading arithmetic Part 531 used for light pouring from a single pore, redeployed here for pure spectacle rather than teaching — the elephant's transformation escalates for the sake of Śakra's outing, not to open a dharma-gate.

Elephant and God, Indistinguishable

The elephant's transformation goes one step further than serving as a mount — and then the text turns to what never changed at all, before naming what the bodhisattva is built from.

Chinese Source

爾時,象王復以神通隱其象形現作天身,與三十三天及諸采女,於芬陀利華園之內歡娛戲樂,所現身相、光明衣服、往來進止、語笑觀瞻,皆如彼天,等無有異,無能分別;此象、此天,象之與天,更互相似。佛子!彼伊羅鉢那象王,於金脇山七寶窟中無所變化,至於三十三天之上,為欲供養釋提桓因,化作種種諸可樂物,受天快樂,與天無異。

Ru-Yi Translation

At that time, the elephant king further hides its elephant form through spiritual power and manifests a divine body, and together with the gods of the Thirty-Three and the celestial maidens delights and plays within the Puṇḍarīka Flower Garden — the bodily marks it manifests, its light and garments, its comings and goings, its speech and laughter and glances, all exactly like those of the gods, equal without difference, so that no one can tell them apart; this elephant and that god, elephant and god, resemble one another completely. Sons of the Buddha! That elephant king Airāvaṇa, within the jeweled cave of the Golden-Flank Mountain, undergoes no transformation at all — and yet up in the Trāyastriṃśa heaven, wishing to attend upon Śakra, it transforms itself into every kind of delightful thing, receiving heavenly pleasures no different from the gods'.

Chinese Source

佛子!菩薩摩訶薩亦復如是,修習普賢菩薩行願及諸三昧以為眾寶莊嚴之具,七菩提分為菩薩身,所放光明以之為網,建大法幢,鳴大法鐘,大悲為窟,堅固大願以為其牙,智慧無畏猶如師子,法繒繫頂,開示祕密,到諸菩薩行願彼岸。為欲安處菩提之座,成一切智,得最正覺,增長普賢廣大行願,不退不息,不斷不捨,大悲精進,盡未來際度脫一切苦惱眾生。

Ru-Yi Translation

Sons of the Buddha! The bodhisattva-mahāsattva is likewise: cultivating Samantabhadra Bodhisattva's practices and vows and every samādhi as his manifold jeweled ornaments, the seven factors of awakening form his own body, the light he emits becomes his net, he raises the great banner of dharma and rings the great bell of dharma; great compassion is his cave, firm great vows are his tusks, wisdom and fearlessness are like the lion, a silken cloth of dharma binds his crown; he reveals what is secret, reaching the far shore of every bodhisattva practice and vow. Wishing to sit securely upon the seat of awakening, to accomplish all-knowing wisdom and attain unsurpassed perfect awakening, he increases Samantabhadra's vast practices and vows, never regressing and never resting, never interrupting and never abandoning them, and with great compassion and diligence, to the very end of the future, delivers every suffering being.

Reading note — Ru-Yi Meditation Center

於金脇山七寶窟中無所變化…受天快樂,與天無異 — undergoes no transformation at all within the jeweled cave… receiving heavenly pleasures no different from the gods'. The paradox is stated as plainly as the sūtra ever states one: total change abroad, no change at all at home. Part 533 said something similar of the bodhisattva directly — 從本已來無有動作, never having stirred since the very beginning — this simile gives that claim a body and a mountain to stay inside of.

七菩提分為菩薩身,所放光明以之為網…大悲為窟,堅固大願以為其牙 — the seven factors of awakening form his own body… great compassion is his cave, firm great vows his tusks. Every part of the elephant's splendor gets a dharma equivalent in turn — body, net, cave, tusks — so the comparison is not a single point of resemblance but a complete one-to-one correspondence, ornament for ornament.

Part 545 Complete

This continues chapter twenty-seven, 十定品, The Ten Concentrations, in fascicle forty-three. Part 546 completes the elephant simile and brings fascicle forty-three to its close, ending in the formula that names all ten of the great samādhis together — 普賢行十大三昧輪, the ten great wheels of samādhi in Samantabhadra's practice — the point this entire chapter has been building toward since Part 490.