The Ten Kinds of Spiritual Penetration Begin
A new chapter opens with Samantabhadra speaking directly to the assembled bodhisattvas, unprompted by any question, naming ten kinds of spiritual penetration — starting with a mind that reads every mind across countless worlds, and an eye that sees every being's fate without a single error.
Knowing Every Mind
Chapter twenty-seven closed with Samantabhadra answering a question. Chapter twenty-eight opens with him simply speaking — a list offered before anyone has asked for it.
爾時，普賢菩薩摩訶薩告諸菩薩言：「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩有十種通。何者為十？「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩以他心智通，知一三千大千世界眾生心差別，所謂：善心、不善心、廣心、狹心、大心、小心、順生死心、背生死心、聲聞心、獨覺心、菩薩心、聲聞行心、獨覺行心、菩薩行心、天心、龍心、夜叉心、乾闥婆心、阿脩羅心、迦樓羅心、緊那羅心、摩睺羅伽心、人心、非人心、地獄心、畜生心、閻魔王處心、餓鬼心、諸難處眾生心，如是等無量差別種種眾生心悉分別知。如一世界，如是百世界、千世界、百千世界、百千億那由他世界，乃至不可說不可說佛剎微塵數世界中所有眾生心悉分別知。是名：菩薩摩訶薩第一善知他心智神通。
At that time, Samantabhadra Bodhisattva-mahāsattva said to the assembled bodhisattvas: "Sons of the Buddha! The bodhisattva-mahāsattva has ten kinds of spiritual penetration. What are these ten? Sons of the Buddha! Through the penetration of the wisdom that knows others' minds, the bodhisattva-mahāsattva knows the distinct minds of beings throughout a single trichiliocosm — namely: wholesome minds and unwholesome minds; broad minds and narrow minds; great minds and small minds; minds that follow birth-and-death and minds that turn away from birth-and-death; the minds of śrāvakas, of pratyekabuddhas, of bodhisattvas; minds practicing as śrāvakas, as pratyekabuddhas, as bodhisattvas; the minds of devas, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kiṃnaras, and mahoragas; human minds and non-human minds; the minds of hell-beings, animals, those in the realm of Yama, and hungry ghosts; the minds of beings in every difficult realm — all such measureless and various distinct minds of beings he distinguishes and knows entirely. As with a single world, so too a hundred worlds, a thousand worlds, a hundred thousand worlds, a hundred thousand koṭis of nayutas of worlds, up to the minds of all beings throughout worlds as numerous as the dust-motes of ineffably ineffable buddha-lands — all of them he distinguishes and knows entirely. This is called the bodhisattva-mahāsattva's first spiritual penetration, that of skillfully knowing the wisdom of others' minds.
通 — spiritual penetration, abhijñā. Chapter twenty-seven's samādhis were entered and abided in; this chapter's ten 通 are a different register of attainment, less about a state to rest in than a capacity that reaches outward — starting, fittingly, with a capacity to reach into someone else's mind. The catalogue that follows — wholesome and unwholesome, śrāvaka and bodhisattva, deva and hell-being — runs to nearly thirty named kinds of mind before the list even turns to scale.
The Unobstructed Eye
The second penetration moves from mind to fate — not just what beings think, but what becomes of them, and exactly why.
「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩以無礙清淨天眼智通，見無量不可說不可說佛剎微塵數世界中眾生，死此生彼，善趣、惡趣，福相、罪相，或好或醜，或垢或淨。如是品類無量眾生，所謂：天眾、龍眾、夜叉眾、乾闥婆眾、阿脩羅眾、迦樓羅眾、緊那羅眾、摩睺羅伽眾、人眾、非人眾、微細身眾生眾、廣大身眾生眾、小眾、大眾，如是種種眾生眾中，以無礙眼悉皆明見；隨所積集業、隨所受苦樂、隨心、隨分別、隨見、隨言說、隨因、隨業、隨所緣、隨所起，悉皆見之，無有錯謬。是名：菩薩摩訶薩第二無礙天眼智神通。
Sons of the Buddha! Through the penetration of the wisdom of the unobstructed, pure divine eye, the bodhisattva-mahāsattva sees beings throughout measureless, ineffably ineffable worlds as numerous as the dust-motes of buddha-lands — dying here and being born there, in wholesome destinies and unwholesome destinies, with marks of merit and marks of transgression, whether fine or coarse, whether defiled or pure. Beings of such measureless kinds — namely, the hosts of devas, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kiṃnaras, and mahoragas, of humans and non-humans, hosts of beings with subtle bodies and hosts of beings with vast bodies, small assemblies and great assemblies — amid all these various hosts of beings, with the unobstructed eye he sees all of them clearly; according to the karma they have accumulated, the suffering and happiness they experience, their minds, their discriminations, their views, their speech, their causes, their deeds, their objects of grasping, and their arisings, he sees all of it, without any error. This is called the bodhisattva-mahāsattva's second spiritual penetration, that of the unobstructed wisdom of the divine eye.
隨所積集業、隨所受苦樂、隨心、隨分別、隨見、隨言說、隨因、隨業、隨所緣、隨所起 — ten "according to" clauses trailing the act of seeing itself. The divine eye is not described as taking in a picture; every single thing seen is seen already sorted by its karma, its cause, its arising. Sight and causal analysis are the same act here, not two separate steps.
Part 547 Complete
This continues chapter twenty-eight, 十通品, The Ten Kinds of Spiritual Penetration, in fascicle forty-four. Part 548 turns to the third penetration, 宿住隨念智通, the wisdom that recalls past abodes — a bodhisattva's memory reaching back through his own former lives and, further still, into the lives and teachings of buddhas beyond number.