Ten Kinds of Skillful Means Begin
The chapter's final list opens, and it returns to a shape seen earlier in Part 582: each item states something a buddha knows to be empty of any own-nature, then adds a specific ability that this same emptiness makes possible rather than forecloses — abiding in no time while expounding the buddhas of all three times, acting through body, speech, and mind while doing nothing at all.
Knowing Nothing Can Be Grasped, Doing Everything Anyway
The first three kinds of skillful means each begin with a buddha's correct knowledge that dharmas cannot be fixed, grasped, or given any own-nature, and each pairs that knowledge with a specific power the emptiness itself enables.
「佛子!諸佛世尊有十種善巧方便。何等為十?一切諸佛了知諸法皆離戲論,而能開示諸佛善根,是為第一善巧方便。一切諸佛知一切法悉無所見、各不相知、無縛無解、無受無集、無成就,自在究竟到於彼岸,然於諸法真實而知不異不別,而得自在、無我無受、不壞實際,已得至於大自在地,常能觀察一切法界,是為第二善巧方便。一切諸佛永離諸相,心無所住,而能悉知不亂不錯,雖知一切相皆無自性,而如其體性悉能善入,而亦示現無量色身,及以一切清淨佛土種種莊嚴無盡之相,集智慧燈滅眾生惑,是為第三善巧方便。
"Sons of the Buddha! The buddhas, the World-Honored Ones, have ten kinds of skillful means. What are these ten? Every buddha comprehends that all dharmas are entirely free of idle discourse, and is yet able to disclose the buddhas' own wholesome roots — this is the first skillful means. Every buddha knows that all dharmas are entirely without anything seen, each one unknown to the others, without bondage and without liberation, without receiving and without accumulating, without accomplishment, at ease and ultimately having reached the far shore; and yet, with regard to the true reality of all dharmas, knows them to be neither different nor separate, attaining mastery, without self and without receiving, without destroying the true limit, having already arrived at the ground of great mastery, constantly able to observe the entire dharma-realm — this is the second skillful means. Every buddha forever departs from every mark, their mind abiding nowhere, and yet is able to know everything without confusion and without error; though knowing that every mark is without any own-nature, they are nevertheless able to skillfully enter into things exactly as they are in their own essential nature, and also manifest measureless physical bodies, together with the inexhaustible marks of every manner of adornment in every pure buddha-land, gathering the lamp of wisdom to extinguish the delusions of sentient beings — this is the third skillful means.
No Time at All, Every Kalpa There Is
The next four turn the same pattern toward time itself: abiding in no past, future, or present while teaching the buddhas of all three; acting through body, speech, and mind while doing nothing whatsoever; and manifesting every unit of time from a single day to endless kalpas while never once being bound by time at all.
一切諸佛住於法界,不住過去、未來、現在,如如性中無去、來、今三世相故,而能演說去、來、今世無量諸佛出現世間,令其聞者普見一切諸佛境界,是為第四善巧方便。一切諸佛身、語、意業,無所造作,無來無去,亦無有住,離諸數法,到於一切諸法彼岸,而為眾法藏,具無量智,了達種種世、出世法,智慧無礙,示現無量自在神力,調伏一切法界眾生,是為第五善巧方便。一切諸佛知一切法不可見,非一、非異,非量、非無量,非來、非去,皆無自性,亦不違於世間諸法;一切智者,無自性中見一切法,於法自在,廣說諸法,而常安住真如實性,是為第六善巧方便。
Every buddha abides in the dharma-realm, abiding neither in the past, the future, nor the present, since within suchness itself there is no mark of past, future, or present as three separate times; and yet is able to expound the measureless buddhas of the past, future, and present appearing in the world, causing those who hear it to universally see the sphere of every buddha — this is the fourth skillful means. Every buddha's actions of body, speech, and mind involve no doing at all, no coming and no going, and no abiding either, departed from every countable dharma, having reached the far shore of every dharma; and yet they become the treasury of every dharma, endowed with measureless wisdom, thoroughly comprehending every manner of worldly and world-transcending dharma, their wisdom unobstructed, manifesting measureless mastery and spiritual power, taming every being throughout the dharma-realm — this is the fifth skillful means. Every buddha knows that all dharmas cannot be seen, are neither one nor different, neither measurable nor immeasurable, neither coming nor going, all without any own-nature, and yet not in contradiction with the dharmas of the world; the one who knows all things sees every dharma from within no-own-nature, has mastery with regard to dharma, broadly expounds every dharma, and yet constantly abides in the true nature of suchness — this is the sixth skillful means.
一切諸佛於一時中知一切時,具淨善根,入於正位而無所著,於其日月、年劫、成壞,如是等時不住不捨,而能示現若晝若夜、初中後時、一日、七日、半月、一月、一年、百年、一劫、多劫、不可思劫、不可說劫,乃至盡於未來際劫,恒為眾生轉妙法輪,不斷不退,無有休息,是為第七善巧方便。
Every buddha, within a single time, knows every time; endowed with pure wholesome roots, entering the right position without any attachment; with regard to sun and moon, years and kalpas, forming and decaying, and every such measure of time, neither abiding in it nor abandoning it; and yet is able to manifest day and night, the beginning, middle, and end of time, a single day, seven days, half a month, a month, a year, a hundred years, a single kalpa, many kalpas, an inconceivable kalpa, an unspeakable kalpa, even to the very end of future kalpas, constantly turning the wondrous dharma-wheel for the sake of sentient beings, without interruption and without retreat, never once resting — this is the seventh skillful means.
於一時中知一切時……不住不捨 — within a single time, knowing every time … neither abiding in it nor abandoning it. This is the same structure Part 582 named for wisdom born out of emptiness, now applied specifically to time: a buddha is not bound by day, month, year, or kalpa, and precisely because of that freedom is able to display all of them, down to a single day, without contradiction. Refusing to abide in time and refusing to abandon it turn out to be the same skillful means.
Part 591 Complete
This continues chapter thirty-three, 佛不思議法品, in fascicle forty-six. Part 592 completes the ten kinds of skillful means and, with it, fascicle forty-six — ending on measureless eloquence and a dharma with no name at all.