Great Compassion, the Mind of Awakening, and Ten Purities
Ten unflinching observations of sentient beings' condition — no refuge, sunk in the ocean of birth and death, long asleep through the night — give rise to great compassion, and ten further causes give rise to the mind of awakening itself; from there, ten attitudes toward a good spiritual friend yield ten kinds of purity, from a profound mind that never fails to a body of practice free of every trace of ordinary karma.
Compassion That Starts With Seeing Clearly
Great compassion here is not commanded but observed into being — ten unsparing descriptions of what sentient beings actually face, from having no protector to having lost the buddha's own dharma — and the same pattern repeats for the mind of awakening itself, before ten attitudes toward a good spiritual friend are shown to yield, almost automatically, ten distinct purities.
「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩以十種觀眾生而起大悲。何等為十？所謂：觀察眾生無依無怙而起大悲；觀察眾生性不調順而起大悲；觀察眾生貧無善根而起大悲；觀察眾生長夜睡眠而起大悲；觀察眾生行不善法而起大悲；觀察眾生欲縛所縛而起大悲；觀察眾生沒生死海而起大悲；觀察眾生長嬰疾苦而起大悲；觀察眾生無善法欲而起大悲；觀察眾生失諸佛法而起大悲。是為十。菩薩恒以此心觀察眾生。「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩有十種發菩提心因緣。何等為十？所謂：為教化調伏一切眾生故，發菩提心；為除滅一切眾生苦聚故，發菩提心；為與一切眾生具足安樂故，發菩提心；為斷一切眾生愚癡故，發菩提心；為與一切眾生佛智故，發菩提心；為恭敬供養一切諸佛故，發菩提心；為隨如來教，令佛歡喜故，發菩提心；為見一切佛色身相好故，發菩提心；為入一切佛廣大智慧故，發菩提心；為顯現諸佛力、無所畏故，發菩提心。是為十。
"Son of the Buddha! A bodhisattva-mahāsattva gives rise to great compassion through ten ways of observing sentient beings. What are these ten? Namely: observing that sentient beings have no refuge and no protector, they give rise to great compassion; observing that sentient beings' nature is untamed and unyielding, they give rise to great compassion; observing that sentient beings are impoverished, without roots of goodness, they give rise to great compassion; observing that sentient beings sleep through the long night, they give rise to great compassion; observing that sentient beings practice unwholesome dharmas, they give rise to great compassion; observing that sentient beings are bound by the bonds of desire, they give rise to great compassion; observing that sentient beings are sunk within the ocean of birth and death, they give rise to great compassion; observing that sentient beings are long afflicted by sickness and suffering, they give rise to great compassion; observing that sentient beings have no desire for wholesome dharmas, they give rise to great compassion; and observing that sentient beings have lost the dharma of every buddha, they give rise to great compassion. These are the ten. A bodhisattva forever observes sentient beings with this mind. Son of the Buddha! A bodhisattva-mahāsattva has ten causal conditions for giving rise to the mind of awakening. What are these ten? Namely: for the sake of teaching and taming every sentient being, they give rise to the mind of awakening; for the sake of extinguishing the whole mass of every sentient being's suffering, they give rise to the mind of awakening; for the sake of granting every sentient being complete peace and happiness, they give rise to the mind of awakening; for the sake of cutting off every sentient being's ignorance, they give rise to the mind of awakening; for the sake of granting every sentient being the wisdom of a buddha, they give rise to the mind of awakening; for the sake of revering and making offerings to every buddha, they give rise to the mind of awakening; for the sake of according with the tathāgata's own teaching and causing the buddhas to rejoice, they give rise to the mind of awakening; for the sake of beholding the bodily form and marks of every buddha, they give rise to the mind of awakening; for the sake of entering the vast wisdom of every buddha, they give rise to the mind of awakening; and for the sake of manifesting the powers and fearlessnesses of every buddha, they give rise to the mind of awakening. These are the ten.
「佛子！若菩薩發無上菩提心，為悟入一切智智故，親近供養善知識時，應起十種心。何等為十？所謂：起給侍心、歡喜心、無違心、隨順心、無異求心、一向心、同善根心、同願心、如來心、同圓滿行心。是為十。「佛子！若菩薩摩訶薩起如是心，則得十種清淨。何等為十？所謂：深心清淨，到於究竟無失壞故；色身清淨，隨其所宜為示現故；音聲清淨，了達一切諸語言故；辯才清淨，善說無邊諸佛法故；智慧清淨，捨離一切愚癡暗故；受生清淨，具足菩薩自在力故；眷屬清淨，成就過去同行眾生諸善根故；果報清淨，除滅一切諸業障故；大願清淨，與諸菩薩性無二故；諸行清淨，以普賢乘而出離故。是為十。
Son of the Buddha! If a bodhisattva, having given rise to the unsurpassed mind of awakening, draws near to and makes offerings to a good spiritual friend in order to awaken and enter all-knowing wisdom, they should give rise to ten kinds of mind. What are these ten? Namely: giving rise to a mind of attending upon them; a mind of joy; a mind without opposition; a mind of according with them; a mind that seeks nothing different from them; a single-minded devotion; a mind that shares the same roots of goodness; a mind that shares the same vow; a mind like the tathāgata's own; and a mind that shares in their perfectly complete practice. These are the ten. Son of the Buddha! If a bodhisattva-mahāsattva gives rise to minds such as these, they attain ten kinds of purity. What are these ten? Namely: purity of profound mind, because it reaches the ultimate without any loss or destruction; purity of bodily form, because it manifests according to whatever fits the occasion; purity of voice, because it fully penetrates every language; purity of eloquence, because it skillfully expounds the boundless dharma of every buddha; purity of wisdom, because it abandons and leaves behind every dark ignorance; purity of taking birth, because it is fully endowed with a bodhisattva's own sovereign power; purity of retinue, because it brings to accomplishment the roots of goodness of every being who has practiced alongside them in the past; purity of karmic result, because it extinguishes every karmic obstruction; purity of great vow, because its nature is without duality from every other bodhisattva; and purity of every practice, because it transcends through the vehicle of Samantabhadra. These are the ten.
觀察眾生長夜睡眠而起大悲 — observing that sentient beings sleep through the long night, they give rise to great compassion. Set among observations of poverty, bondage, and lost dharma, this entry names something quieter than visible suffering: a night that never ends simply because no one has woken up inside it, which the list treats as no less a cause for compassion than open affliction.
Part 692 Complete
This continues chapter thirty-eight, 離世間品, in fascicle fifty-three. Part 693 answers the next questions with the ten pāramitās, each paired with its own reason, and the ten kinds of wisdom that follow directly from realizing them.