The Ten Pāramitās and the Wisdom That Follows
The classical six pāramitās are extended here to ten, each paired with a distinct reason, before the questions turn to wisdom of a different kind — not wisdom that is cultivated so much as wisdom that follows automatically once awakening has occurred, culminating in ten kinds of realized knowledge that range from how a single dharma has countless marks to how every tathāgata attains awakening through the ten powers.
Ten Pāramitās, Wisdom That Follows Automatically
Four pāramitās join the familiar six — gnosis, vow, spiritual power, and dharma itself — each given its own distinct justification; from there, "wisdom that follows upon awakening" names something closer to a natural consequence than an achievement, and the list of realized knowledge that follows moves from a single dharma's one mark to every tathāgata's ten powers without ever pausing for transition.
「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩有十種波羅蜜。何等為十？所謂：施波羅蜜，悉捨一切諸所有故；戒波羅蜜，淨佛戒故；忍波羅蜜，住佛忍故；精進波羅蜜，一切所作不退轉故；禪波羅蜜，念一境故；般若波羅蜜，如實觀察一切法故；智波羅蜜，入佛力故；願波羅蜜，滿足普賢諸大願故；神通波羅蜜，示現一切自在用故；法波羅蜜，普入一切諸佛法故。是為十。若諸菩薩安住此法，則得具足如來無上大智波羅蜜。「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩有十種智隨覺。何等為十？所謂：一切世界無量差別智隨覺；一切眾生界不可思議智隨覺；一切諸法一入種種種種入一智隨覺；一切法界廣大智隨覺；一切虛空界究竟智隨覺；一切世界入過去世智隨覺；一切世界入未來世智隨覺；一切世界入現在世智隨覺；一切如來無量行願皆於一智而得圓滿智隨覺；三世諸佛皆同一行而得出離智隨覺。是為十。
"Son of the Buddha! A bodhisattva-mahāsattva has ten pāramitās. What are these ten? Namely: the pāramitā of generosity, because it gives up everything they possess entirely; the pāramitā of moral discipline, because it purifies the Buddha's own precepts; the pāramitā of patience, because it abides in the Buddha's own patience; the pāramitā of diligence, because everything it undertakes never regresses; the pāramitā of meditation, because it holds the mind fixed upon a single object; the pāramitā of wisdom, because it observes every dharma exactly as it truly is; the pāramitā of gnosis, because it enters the Buddha's own power; the pāramitā of vow, because it fulfills every one of Samantabhadra's great vows; the pāramitā of spiritual power, because it manifests every kind of sovereign function; and the pāramitā of dharma, because it universally enters every dharma of every buddha. These are the ten. If bodhisattvas abide in this dharma, they become entirely complete in the tathāgata's own unsurpassed pāramitā of great wisdom. Son of the Buddha! A bodhisattva-mahāsattva has ten kinds of wisdom that follow upon awakening. What are these ten? Namely: the wisdom that follows upon awakening to the measureless differences among every world; the wisdom that follows upon awakening to the inconceivability of the realm of every sentient being; the wisdom that follows upon awakening to how every dharma enters the one through the many, and the many enter the one; the wisdom that follows upon awakening to the vastness of the whole dharma-realm; the wisdom that follows upon awakening to the ultimate nature of the whole realm of empty space; the wisdom that follows upon awakening to how every world enters the past age; the wisdom that follows upon awakening to how every world enters the future age; the wisdom that follows upon awakening to how every world enters the present age; the wisdom that follows upon awakening to how the measureless practices and vows of every tathāgata are brought to perfect completion within a single wisdom; and the wisdom that follows upon awakening to how every buddha of the three times attains transcendence through one and the same practice. These are the ten.
若諸菩薩安住此法，則得一切法自在光明，所願皆滿，於一念頃悉能解了一切佛法成等正覺。「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩有十種證知。何等為十？所謂：知一切法一相；知一切法無量相；知一切法在一念；知一切眾生心行無礙；知一切眾生諸根平等；知一切眾生煩惱習氣行；知一切眾生心使行；知一切眾生善、不善行；知一切菩薩願行自在住持變化；知一切如來具足十力成等正覺。是為十。若諸菩薩安住此法，則得一切法善巧方便。
If bodhisattvas abide in this dharma, they attain the sovereign light of every dharma, every one of their vows is fulfilled, and within the space of a single thought they are entirely able to understand every dharma of the Buddha and attain perfect awakening. Son of the Buddha! A bodhisattva-mahāsattva has ten kinds of realized knowledge. What are these ten? Namely: knowing that every dharma has a single mark; knowing that every dharma has measureless marks; knowing that every dharma exists within a single thought; knowing that the mental activity of every sentient being is unobstructed; knowing that the faculties of every sentient being are equal; knowing the afflictive, habitual conduct of every sentient being; knowing the mental-affliction-driven conduct of every sentient being; knowing the wholesome and unwholesome conduct of every sentient being; knowing every bodhisattva's own vows, practice, sovereign freedom, sustaining power, and transformation; and knowing that every tathāgata, fully endowed with the ten powers, attains perfect awakening. These are the ten. If bodhisattvas abide in this dharma, they attain skillful means with regard to every dharma.
知一切法一相；知一切法無量相 — knowing that every dharma has a single mark; knowing that every dharma has measureless marks. Placed side by side as the first two entries of realized knowledge, these are not presented as a contradiction to be resolved but as two knowledges held at once — the list simply moves on to a third, knowing that every dharma exists within a single thought, treating oneness, multiplicity, and instantaneity as equally valid descriptions of the very same dharma rather than competing claims about it.
Part 693 Complete
This continues chapter thirty-eight, 離世間品, in fascicle fifty-three. Part 694 answers the next question with ten kinds of power, from entering every dharma's own nature to never betraying an unwavering trust in a good spiritual friend.