Wise Observation, Expounding the Dharma, and Ten Purities
Ten kinds of wise observation move from dhāraṇī to an unobstructed wisdom-light, and ten ways of expounding the dharma each state a single verdict on what every dharma ultimately is — dependent, illusory, vajra-like, still — before ten kinds of purity close with the thirty-two marks, each one born of a hundred distinct merits.
Ten Verdicts on What a Dharma Is
The list of ten ways of expounding the dharma reads almost like ten separate answers to the same underlying question, each one true and none exhausting it — dependent origination, illusion, vajra-like solidity, suchness, stillness — before the purity that follows names moral, cognitive, and finally physical purity together, ending on the traditional thirty-two marks themselves.
「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩有十種智慧觀察。何等為十？所謂：善巧分別說一切法智慧觀察；了知三世一切善根智慧觀察；了知一切諸菩薩行自在變化智慧觀察；了知一切諸法義門智慧觀察；了知一切諸佛威力智慧觀察；了知一切陀羅尼門智慧觀察；於一切世界普說正法智慧觀察；入一切法界智慧觀察；知一切十方不可思議智慧觀察；知一切佛法智慧光明無有障礙智慧觀察。是為十。若諸菩薩安住其中，則得如來無上大智慧觀察。「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩有十種說法。何等為十？所謂：說一切法皆從緣起；說一切法皆悉如幻；說一切法無有乖諍；說一切法無有邊際；說一切法無所依止；說一切法猶如金剛；說一切法皆悉如如；說一切法皆悉寂靜；說一切法皆悉出離；說一切法皆住一義，本性成就。是為十。若諸菩薩安住其中，則能善巧說一切法。
"Son of the Buddha! A bodhisattva-mahāsattva has ten kinds of wise observation. What are these ten? Namely: the wise observation of skillfully discerning and expounding every dharma; the wise observation of fully understanding every root of goodness across the three times; the wise observation of fully understanding the sovereign transformation of every bodhisattva's practice; the wise observation of fully understanding the gateway of meaning within every dharma; the wise observation of fully understanding the majestic power of every buddha; the wise observation of fully understanding every gateway of dhāraṇī; the wise observation of universally expounding the true dharma throughout every world; the wise observation of entering the whole dharma-realm; the wise observation of knowing the inconceivability of every one of the ten directions; and the wise observation of knowing that the wisdom-light of every dharma of the Buddha is entirely without obstruction. These are the ten. If bodhisattvas abide within these, they attain the tathāgata's own unsurpassed, great wise observation. Son of the Buddha! A bodhisattva-mahāsattva has ten ways of expounding the dharma. What are these ten? Namely: expounding that every dharma arises entirely from conditions; expounding that every dharma is entirely like an illusion; expounding that every dharma is without any contradiction or contention; expounding that every dharma is without any limit; expounding that every dharma relies upon nothing at all; expounding that every dharma is like vajra; expounding that every dharma is entirely suchness itself; expounding that every dharma is entirely still; expounding that every dharma entirely transcends; and expounding that every dharma abides in a single meaning, its own original nature already accomplished. These are the ten. If bodhisattvas abide within these, they are able to skillfully expound every dharma.
「佛子！菩薩摩訶薩有十種清淨。何等為十？所謂：深心清淨；斷疑清淨；離見清淨；境界清淨；求一切智清淨；辯才清淨；無畏清淨；住一切菩薩智清淨；受一切菩薩律儀清淨；具足成就無上菩提、三十二種百福相、白淨法、一切善根清淨。是為十。若諸菩薩安住其中，則得一切如來無上清淨法。
Son of the Buddha! A bodhisattva-mahāsattva has ten kinds of purity. What are these ten? Namely: purity of profound mind; purity of cutting off doubt; purity of leaving behind views; purity of domain; purity of seeking all-knowing wisdom; purity of eloquence; purity of fearlessness; purity of abiding in every bodhisattva's wisdom; purity of receiving every bodhisattva's own moral discipline; and purity of being fully complete in unsurpassed awakening, the thirty-two marks each born of a hundred merits, every pure, white dharma, and every root of goodness. These are the ten. If bodhisattvas abide within these, they attain the unsurpassed, pure dharma shared by every tathāgata.
說一切法皆住一義，本性成就 — expounding that every dharma abides in a single meaning, its own original nature already accomplished. Placed last among ten separate ways of describing every dharma — as dependent, illusory, vajra-like, still — this closing entry does something different: it says that whichever of the nine descriptions is used, all of them were already resting on one and the same meaning, so the variety of the list was never a set of alternatives so much as nine views of a single, already-complete thing.
Part 709 Complete
This continues chapter thirty-eight, 離世間品, in fascicle fifty-four. Part 710 answers the next question with ten kinds of seal, each one a bodhisattva's own way of meeting adversity — including patience under insult and injury as the very second seal.