Ten Kinds of Dharmas Fully Understood
Unlike the surrounding lists, each of these ten entries is matched to a single, named stage of the path in turn — the ordinary person, the faith-follower, the dharma-follower, the eighth person, the stream-enterer, the once-returner, the non-returner, the arhat, the solitary awakened one, and finally the bodhisattva — each understanding a different dharma appropriate to where they stand.
Ten Stages, Ten Understandings
Rather than listing ten qualities of a single kind of person, this entry pairs each of ten classical stages of the path with the one dharma that person is said to fully understand — moving in ascending order from an ordinary being still growing wholesome roots within worldly convention, up through the four fruits of the śrāvaka path, the solitary awakened one, and finally the bodhisattva.
佛子！菩薩摩訶薩有十種明了法。何等為十？所謂：隨順世俗生長善根，是童蒙凡夫明了法；得無礙不壞信，覺法自性，是隨信行人明了法；勤修習法，隨順法住，是隨法行人明了法；遠離八邪，向八正道，是第八人明了法；除滅眾結，斷生死漏，見真實諦，是須陀洹人明了法；觀味是患，知無往來，是斯陀含人明了法；
"Son of the Buddha! A bodhisattva-mahāsattva has ten kinds of dharmas fully understood. What are these ten? Namely: according with worldly convention and thereby growing wholesome roots — this is the dharma fully understood by a childish, ignorant ordinary person. Attaining unobstructed, unbreakable faith and awakening to the dharma's own nature — this is the dharma fully understood by a faith-follower. Diligently cultivating and practicing the dharma, according with and abiding in the dharma — this is the dharma fully understood by a dharma-follower. Staying far from the eight wrong paths and turning toward the eightfold path — this is the dharma fully understood by the eighth person. Extinguishing every fetter, cutting off the outflow of birth-and-death, and seeing the truth exactly as it is — this is the dharma fully understood by a stream-enterer. Observing that flavor itself is affliction, knowing there is no more coming or going — this is the dharma fully understood by a once-returner.
不樂三界，求盡有漏，於受生法乃至一念不生愛著，是阿那含人明了法；獲六神通，得八解脫，九定、四辯悉皆成就，是阿羅漢人明了法；性樂觀察一味緣起，心常寂靜，知足少事，解因自得，悟不由他，成就種種神通智慧，是辟支佛人明了法；智慧廣大，諸根明利，常樂度脫一切眾生，勤修福智助道之法，如來所有十力、無畏、一切功德具足圓滿，是菩薩人明了法。是為十。若諸菩薩安住此法，則得如來無上大智明了法。
Taking no delight in the three realms, seeking the complete exhaustion of every outflow, giving rise to not even a single thought of craving attachment toward any dharma of taking rebirth — this is the dharma fully understood by a non-returner. Attaining the six superknowledges, gaining the eight liberations, and fully accomplishing both the nine sequential absorptions and the four unobstructed eloquences — this is the dharma fully understood by an arhat. By nature delighting in observing dependent origination as a single flavor, the mind constantly still, content with little and few concerns, understanding its own causes without being taught by another, accomplishing every kind of spiritual superknowledge and wisdom — this is the dharma fully understood by a solitary awakened one. Wisdom vast and expansive, every faculty bright and keen, constantly delighting in delivering every sentient being, diligently cultivating the dharmas of merit and wisdom that support the path, complete and perfect in every one of the tathāgata's own ten powers, fearlessnesses, and every merit — this is the dharma fully understood by a bodhisattva. These are the ten. If bodhisattvas abide within this dharma, they attain the tathāgata's own unsurpassed, great wisdom of dharmas fully understood.
第八人 — "the eighth person," a technical epithet for the practitioner who stands at the threshold of stream-entry, one stage before actually becoming a stream-enterer. Naming this stage by number alone, without further description, matches its place in the list: it is defined entirely by its position between the dharma-follower before it and the stream-enterer after it.
Part 780 Complete
This continues chapter thirty-eight, 離世間品, in fascicle fifty-eight. Part 781 opens ten kinds of practice (修行法), beginning with revering and honoring every good, wise friend.