Part 90 of the collection · Fascicle 17 of 80 · 初發心功德品第十七(續) · T279

Every Living Being's Own Understanding and Faculties

The comparisons turn now to the inner lives of living beings themselves: their manifold, distinct understanding — pure and defiled, similar and dissimilar, worldly and world-transcending — and the equally manifold distinctions among their own faculties. Each, once again, could in principle be exhaustively known by a hundred beings working in succession; the first resolve alone cannot be so measured.

Translator: Ru-Yi Meditation Center Status: Part 90 — chapter 17 continues, comparisons 5–6 Source: Taishō T279 (Śikṣānanda, Tang, 695–699 CE)

Every Living Being's Own Manifold Understanding

The resolve aims at knowing every living being's own understanding in its full range — pure or defiled, similar or dissimilar, dependent or independent, bounded or boundless — down to the single understanding that is itself every understanding, and every understanding that is itself a single one.

Chinese Source

「佛子!復置此諭。假使有人,於一念頃,能知東方阿僧祇世界所有眾生種種差別解;念念如是,盡阿僧祇劫。有第二人,於一念頃,能知前人阿僧祇劫所知眾生諸解差別;如是,亦盡阿僧祇劫。次第展轉,乃至第十。南、西、北方,四維、上、下,亦復如是。佛子!此十方眾生種種差別解,可知邊際;菩薩初發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心功德善根,無有能得知其際者。何以故?佛子!菩薩不齊限,但為知爾所眾生解故,發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心;為盡知一切世界所有眾生種種差別解故,發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心。所謂:欲知一切差別解無邊故,一眾生解、無數眾生解平等故;欲得不可說差別解方便智光明故;欲悉知眾生海各各差別解,盡無餘故;欲悉知過、現、未來,善、不善種種無量解故;欲悉知相似解、不相似解故;欲悉知一切解即是一解,一解即是一切解故;欲得如來解力故;欲悉知有上解、無上解、有餘解、無餘解、等解、不等解差別故;欲悉知有依解、無依解、共解、不共解、有邊解、無邊解、差別解、無差別解、善解、不善解、世間解、出世間解差別故;欲於一切妙解、大解、無量解、正位解中,得如來解脫無障礙智故;欲以無量方便,悉知十方一切眾生界,一一眾生淨解、染解、廣解、略解、細解、麁解,盡無餘故;欲悉知深密解、方便解、分別解、自然解、隨因所起解、隨緣所起解,一切解網悉無餘故,發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心。」

Ru-Yi Translation

"Son of the Buddha! Let us set aside this analogy once more. Suppose there were a person who, within the space of a single thought, is able to know the manifold, distinct understanding of every living being throughout asaṃkhyeya worlds to the east; and, thought after thought in just this way, across an entire asaṃkhyeya kalpa. And there is a second person who, within the space of a single thought, is able to know the very distinctions of understanding that the first person came to know across an entire asaṃkhyeya kalpa; and, likewise, this too continues across an entire asaṃkhyeya kalpa. Continuing on in succession, up to a tenth person. And it is likewise so to the south, the west, and the north, and in the four intermediate directions, and above and below. Son of the Buddha, the very limit of the manifold, distinct understanding of the living beings of these ten directions could still be known; whereas the merit and wholesome root that is the bodhisattva's first giving rise of the mind of unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening has no one at all able to know its own limit. Why is this so? Son of the Buddha, the bodhisattva does not set himself a fixed measure, giving rise to the mind of unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening merely for the sake of knowing that very number of living beings' own understanding; he gives rise to the mind of unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening for the sake of understanding entirely the manifold, distinct understanding of every living being throughout every world. Namely: wishing to know that every distinct understanding is boundless, and that the understanding of a single living being and the understanding of countless living beings are equal; wishing to attain the light of skillful wisdom regarding inexpressible, distinct understanding; wishing to understand entirely, without anything at all left over, the each and every distinct understanding within the very ocean of living beings; wishing to understand entirely the manifold, immeasurable, wholesome and unwholesome understanding of the past, the present, and the future; wishing to understand entirely understanding that is similar and understanding that is dissimilar; wishing to understand entirely that every understanding is itself a single understanding, and a single understanding is itself every understanding; wishing to attain the Tathāgata's own power of understanding; wishing to understand entirely the distinctions between superior understanding and unsurpassed understanding, understanding with something remaining and understanding with nothing remaining, equal understanding and unequal understanding; wishing to understand entirely the distinctions between understanding that depends on something and understanding that depends on nothing, shared understanding and unshared understanding, bounded understanding and boundless understanding, distinct understanding and undifferentiated understanding, wholesome understanding and unwholesome understanding, worldly understanding and world-transcending understanding; wishing, within every wondrous understanding, great understanding, immeasurable understanding, and understanding of the right position, to attain the Tathāgata's own unobstructed wisdom of liberation; wishing, through immeasurable skillful means, to understand entirely, without anything at all left over, the pure understanding, defiled understanding, vast understanding, brief understanding, subtle understanding, and coarse understanding of each and every living being throughout the realms of every living being in the ten directions; wishing to understand entirely, without anything at all left over, profound and secret understanding, skillful-means understanding, discriminative understanding, spontaneous understanding, understanding that arises according to its own cause, and understanding that arises according to its own condition, the entire net of understanding — it is for these reasons that he gives rise to the mind of unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening."

Every Living Being's Own Faculties

The same escalating comparison is repeated once more, this time for the distinctions among every living being's own faculties, across the entire net of every faculty there is.

Chinese Source

「佛子!復置此諭。假使有人,於一念頃,能知東方無數世界一切眾生諸根差別;念念如是,經阿僧祇劫。有第二人,於一念頃,能知前人阿僧祇劫念念所知諸根差別。如是廣說,乃至第十。南、西、北方,四維、上、下,亦復如是。佛子!此十方世界所有眾生諸根差別,可知邊際;菩薩初發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心功德善根,無有能得知其際者。何以故?菩薩不齊限,但為知爾所世界眾生根故,發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心;為盡知一切世界中一切眾生根種種差別,廣說乃至,欲盡知一切諸根網故,發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心。」

Ru-Yi Translation

"Son of the Buddha! Let us set aside this analogy once more. Suppose there were a person who, within the space of a single thought, is able to know the distinctions among the very faculties of every living being throughout countless worlds to the east; and, thought after thought in just this way, across an entire asaṃkhyeya kalpa. And there is a second person who, within the space of a single thought, is able to know the very distinctions among the faculties that the first person came to know, thought after thought, across an entire asaṃkhyeya kalpa. Continuing on to be told at length, up to a tenth person. And it is likewise so to the south, the west, and the north, and in the four intermediate directions, and above and below. Son of the Buddha, the very limit of the distinctions among the faculties of every living being throughout the worlds of these ten directions could still be known; whereas the merit and wholesome root that is the bodhisattva's first giving rise of the mind of unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening has no one at all able to know its own limit. Why is this so? The bodhisattva does not set himself a fixed measure, giving rise to the mind of unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening merely for the sake of knowing that very number of worlds' own living beings' faculties; he gives rise to the mind of unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening for the sake of understanding entirely the manifold distinctions among the faculties of every living being throughout every world, and, to speak at length, all the way to wishing to understand entirely the whole net of every faculty there is."

Reading note — Ru-Yi Meditation Center

The understanding-comparison's own inner list is worth noticing for its unusual density even by this chapter's standards — more than a dozen distinct pairs of understanding named in quick succession, pure and defiled, dependent and independent, shared and unshared. The effect of such density is cumulative rather than merely additive: it is not that the bodhisattva must separately master each pair, but that the sheer proliferation of ways understanding can be sliced and categorized is itself what the resolve must see through entirely, rather than settling for any single, tidy taxonomy of how minds differ from one another.

Part 90 Complete

This closes Part 90. Chapter 17 continues in Part 91 with further comparisons of knowledge — every living being's own desires, skillful means, and the workings of their own minds.