Grief in the Palace (II)
Chandaka explains that no fault of his own carried the prince away — the gods themselves silenced the horse's hooves and opened the gates. Yaśodharā's anger dissolves into a different grief: not that her husband left, but that ancient custom would have let her go into the forest with him, as wives of sage-kings once did, and did not. The chapter's final movement belongs to King Śuddhodana himself, whose lament runs from private reproach of the horse to a genuine wish for his own death, until his ministers persuade him to send searchers instead.
Chandaka's Defense
夫主尚在世, 依止如雪山,
安意如大地, 憂悲殆至死,
況此窓牖中, 悲泣長叫者,
生亡其所天, 是苦何可堪?
告馬汝無義, 奪人心所重,
猶如闇冥中, 怨賊劫珍寶。
乘汝戰鬪時, 刀刃鋒利箭,
一切悉能堪, 今有何不忍?
一族之殊勝, 強奪我心去,
汝是弊惡蟲, 造諸不正業。
今日大嗚呼! 聲滿於王宮,
先劫我所念, 爾時何以瘂?
若爾時有聲, 舉宮悉應覺,
爾時若覺者, 不生今苦惱。」
車匿聞苦言, 飲氣而息結,
收淚合掌答: 「願聽我自陳,
莫嫌責白馬, 亦莫恚於我。
我等悉無過, 天神之所為,
我極畏王法, 天神所駈逼。
速牽馬與之, 俱去疾如飛,
厭氣令無聲, 足亦不觸地。
城門自然開, 虛空自然明,
斯皆天神力, 豈是我所為?」
耶輸陀聞說, 心生奇特想,
天神之所為, 非是斯等咎。
嫌責心消除, 熾然大苦息,
躃地稱怨歎: 「雙輸鳥分乖,
我今失依怙, 同法行生離,
樂法捨同行, 何處更求法?
"Even while a husband is still living, if he withdraws to the mountains — trusting to their heights as one trusts the very snow-capped peaks, his own heart as settled as the great earth itself — a wife's grief and sorrow may still bring her nearly to the point of death. How much more so, then, for one at this very window, weeping and crying out at such length — for she has lost, whether he lives or dies, the very lord of her own heaven. How could such suffering possibly be endured?
I say to you, horse, that you are without any sense of loyalty at all — you have stolen away what a person's heart holds most dear, no different from a bandit plundering treasure under cover of darkness.
Riding you into battle, amid blades and sharp arrows, he endured everything without exception — so what, in this case, could you possibly not have found the will to refuse?
You have forcibly torn away the very finest of our whole lineage, seizing him from my own heart — you are nothing but a vile and wretched creature, the author of every kind of wrongdoing.
Today my great wailing fills this entire palace with its sound — yet when he was stolen from me before, why then were you so silent?
Had you made a sound at that time, the whole palace would surely have woken; and had we woken then, this suffering I feel now would never have arisen at all."
Chandaka, hearing these bitter words, held his breath, his chest tight with grief; wiping away his tears, he joined his palms and answered: "I beg you, hear my own account — do not blame or reproach the white horse, and do not be angry with me either.
Neither of us is at fault in any of this — it was entirely the doing of the gods. I myself was in the greatest dread of the king's own law, yet I was driven and compelled by the gods themselves.
They made me bring the horse to him at once, and the two of them set off together, swift as flight; they stifled every sound so that nothing could be heard, and his very hooves never once touched the ground.
The city gates opened of their own accord, and the empty sky itself grew bright of its own accord — all of this was the power of the gods alone. How could any of it possibly have been my own doing?"
Yaśodharā, hearing this, felt a thought of wonder rise in her heart — that this had truly been the doing of the gods, and no fault belonging to either of them at all.
Her reproach and blame dissolved away, and the fierce heat of her great suffering came to rest; yet she still fell to the ground, crying out in sorrowful lament: "Like a pair of ruddy geese now parted from one another — I have now lost the very one I relied upon. He who once walked the same path as I now lives apart from me; he who once delighted in the Dharma has left his companion behind — where, then, am I now to seek the Dharma myself?
Yaśodharā's Longing
古昔諸先勝, 大快見王等,
斯皆夫妻俱, 學道遊林野。
而今捨於我, 為求何等法?
梵志祠祀典, 夫妻必同行,
同行法為因, 終則同受報,
汝何獨法慳, 棄我而隻遊?
或見我嫉惡, 更求無嫉者?
或當嫌薄我, 更求淨天女?
為何勝德色, 修習於苦行?
以我薄命故, 夫妻生別離,
羅睺羅何故, 不蒙於膝下?
嗚呼不吉士! 貌柔而心剛,
勝族盛光榮, 怨憎猶宗仰。
又子生未孩, 而能永棄捨,
我亦無心腸, 夫棄遊山林,
不能自泯沒, 此則木石人。」
言已心迷亂, 或哭或狂言,
或瞪視沈思, 哽咽不自勝,
惙惙氣殆盡, 臥於塵土中。
諸餘婇女眾, 見生悲痛心,
猶如盛蓮花, 風雹摧令萎。
The great and excellent kings of ages past, and those they most delighted to see, in every such case husband and wife alike, together studied the path and wandered the forest wilds together.
Yet now he has abandoned me alone — what Dharma is it, then, that he seeks?
Even in the brahmins' own sacrificial rites, husband and wife must always take part together; when the same conduct becomes the shared cause, the fruit that follows is shared as well — why, then, should he alone be so miserly with the Dharma, abandoning me to wander it by himself?
Can it be that he saw some jealousy or malice in me, and now seeks instead a woman free of such faults?
Or does he hold me in some contempt, and seek instead some pure and heavenly maiden?
For what beauty of surpassing virtue does he now cultivate this life of ascetic practice?
Because of my own wretched fortune, husband and wife are now sundered apart from one another — but why, then, should Rāhula be denied even his father's own lap?
Ah — what an ill-omened man! Gentle in appearance, yet hard of heart. Born of a most excellent lineage, resplendent in glory — and yet even those who hate and resent him still hold him in reverence.
And his own son, not yet even out of infancy — that he could abandon him forever! As for me, I too must have no true heart at all — for my husband has abandoned me to wander the mountain forests, and yet I cannot even bring myself to disappear entirely. I must truly be a creature of wood or stone."
Having said this, her mind grew disordered and confused; at times she wept, at times she raved as though mad; at times she stared fixedly, sunk in thought, choking and unable to master herself, until, her breath nearly spent, she collapsed to lie upon the bare ground.
Every one of the other palace women, seeing this, was moved to a grief just as deep — like a lotus in full bloom, beaten down and left withered by wind and hail.
The King's Grief, and the Search Begins
父王失太子, 晝夜心悲戀,
齋戒求天神, 願令子速還。
發願祈請已, 出於天祠門,
聞諸啼哭聲, 驚怖心迷亂,
如天大雷震, 群象亂奔馳。
見車匿白馬, 廣問知出家,
舉身投於地, 如崩帝釋幢。
諸臣徐扶起, 以法勸令安,
久而心小醒, 而告白馬言:
「我數乘汝戰, 每念汝有功,
今者憎惡汝, 倍於愛念時。
所念功德子, 汝輙運令去,
擲著山林中, 猶自空來歸。
汝速持我往, 不爾往將還,
不為此二者, 我命將不存。
更無餘方治, 唯待子為藥,
如珊闍梵志, 為子死殺身,
我失行法子, 自殺令無身。
摩㝹眾生主, 亦當為子憂,
況復我常人? 失子能自安?
古昔阿闍王, 愛子遊山林,
感思而命終, 即時得生天。
吾今不能死, 長夜住憂苦,
合宮念吾子, 虛渴如餓鬼,
如人渴探水, 欲飲而奪之。
守渴而命終, 必生餓鬼趣。
今我至虛渴, 得子水復失,
及我未命終, 速語我子處,
勿令我渴死, 墮於餓鬼中。
我素志力強, 難動如大地,
失子心躁亂, 如昔十車王。」
王師多聞士, 大臣智聰達,
二人勸諫王, 不緩亦不切:
「願自寬情念, 勿以憂自傷,
古昔諸勝王, 棄國如散花。
子今行學道, 何足苦憂悲?
當憶阿私記, 理數自應然。
天樂轉輪聖, 蕭然不累清,
豈曰世界王, 能移金王心?
今當使我等, 推求到其所,
方便苦諫諍, 以表我丹誠,
要望降其志, 以慰王憂悲。」
王喜即答言: 「唯汝等速行,
如舍君陀鳥, 為子空中旋,
我今念太子, 便悁心亦然。」
二人既受命, 王與諸眷屬,
其心小清涼, 氣宣飡飲通。
The father king, having lost the prince, gave his heart day and night to grief and longing; he kept the fast and prayed to the gods, wishing only that his son might swiftly return.
Having made his vow and finished his prayer, he came out from the gate of the heavenly shrine, and, hearing the sound of weeping all around him, was seized with such fright that his mind grew wholly confused — as when the great crash of heavenly thunder sends a whole herd of elephants stampeding in every direction.
Seeing Chandaka and the white horse, he questioned them at length, and so learned that his son had gone forth; he threw his whole body down to the ground, like the great banner of Indra himself collapsing.
His ministers gently raised him up, and counseled him with reasoned words to find some peace; and after a long while, his mind recovering itself a little, he said to the white horse: "Time and again I have ridden you into battle, and I have always remembered your merit and your service — yet now my hatred for you exceeds even the love and regard I once held for you.
The very son whose virtue I so cherished, you carried away in an instant, casting him off there among the mountains and forests, and now you return here alone, empty of everything but yourself.
Either carry me quickly to him now, or go and bring him back to me — if you can do neither of these things, then my own life can no longer continue.
There is no other remedy left to me now — only my son himself can serve as the medicine I need. Just as the brahmin Śāṇḍilya once took his own life for the sake of his son, so I, having lost the son who walks the true path, would rather take my own life and cease to exist at all.
Even Manu, lord of all sentient beings, would surely have grieved over the loss of a son — how much more so, then, an ordinary man such as myself? How could I possibly find any peace, having lost my own son?
In ages past, King Ajita, out of love for his son who had gone to wander the mountain forests, was so overcome with longing that his life came to its end, and he was reborn in heaven that very moment.
Yet I myself am unable even to die — I remain instead in this long night of grief and suffering. This whole palace, thinking of my son, is as empty and parched as a hungry ghost — like a man who, thirsting, reaches for water only to have it snatched away just as he means to drink.
To hold to one's thirst until the very end of life is certain to bring rebirth as a hungry ghost.
I have now reached just such an emptiness and thirst myself — having once had my son, I have now lost him again, as water lost from the hand. Before my own life comes to its end, tell me quickly where my son now is — do not let me die of this thirst, and fall into the realm of hungry ghosts.
I have always been a man of firm resolve, as hard to move as the great earth itself — yet, having lost my son, my heart is now as wildly disordered as King Daśaratha's once was."
The king's own teacher, a man of wide learning, and a minister of sharp and penetrating wisdom, these two together counseled and remonstrated with the king, neither too gently nor too sharply: "We beg you to ease your own heart and thoughts, and not to injure yourself further with grief — the great and excellent kings of ages past cast aside their very kingdoms as lightly as scattering flowers.
Your son has now gone to seek and study the path — why should this be cause for such bitter grief and sorrow?
You should recall Asita's own prophecy — this is simply how the order of things must naturally unfold.
Even the heavenly bliss of a wheel-turning sage-king holds no attraction sufficient to entangle one so pure and free — how, then, could the mere rule of a single kingdom possibly move a heart already resolved like purest gold?
Let us now be the ones to go and seek him out wherever he may be, and, by every skillful means, urgently counsel and remonstrate with him, to show him our own sincere devotion — hoping in this way to bend his resolve at least somewhat, and so ease Your Majesty's own grief and sorrow."
The king, gladdened at this, answered at once: "Only go, then, and go quickly — like the cuckoo circling in the empty sky in search of its own young; for my own longing for the prince is exactly of this same anguished kind."
Once the two men had received the king's command, the king and his whole household felt their hearts grow somewhat cooler and more at ease, and their breath and appetite began, at last, to return to them.
Part 11 Complete
This closes Part 11, and with it Chapter 8: Chandaka's defense, Yaśodharā's grief turning from anger to longing, and King Śuddhodana's own extended lament resolving into the decision to send his teacher and a minister in search of the prince. Part 12 opens Chapter 9, "The Search for the Prince," following those two envoys as they track him down at Ārāḍa Kālāma's hermitage and try, one final time, to bring him home.
Continue to Part 12 — The Search for the Prince →