Part 3 of the collection · Fascicle 44 of 60 · 入法界品第三十四之一 · T278

The Ten Directions Gather

From each of the ten directions — the four cardinal points, the four intermediate points, above, and below — a bodhisattva arrives leading an assembly beyond number, each bearing its own distinct cloud of offering, each transforming its own portion of the transfigured grove into a jeweled pavilion and lion-throne.

Translator: Ru-Yi Meditation Center Status: Part 3 of 454 complete Source: Taishō T278, 入法界品第三十四 (Buddhabhadra, Eastern Jin) Reading notes after Fazang's 華嚴經探玄記 (T1733)

Ten Bodhisattvas, Ten Directions

Chinese Source

爾時,東方過不可說佛剎微塵等世界海,有世界名金剛雲明淨燈莊嚴,佛號明淨妙德王;彼大眾中,有菩薩名明淨願光明,與不可說佛剎微塵等菩薩俱,來向此土。興種種雲,莊嚴虛空;所謂:興天華雲、散天末香雲,垂天鬘帶雲、雨天寶雲、天莊嚴雲、天寶蓋雲、天寶衣雲、天幢蓋雲,充滿虛空,以可悅樂眾寶莊嚴,來詣佛所,禮拜供養;即於東方化作一切莊嚴樓閣,寶蓮華藏師子之座;如意寶網羅覆其身,與其眷屬,結跏趺坐。

南方過不可說佛剎微塵等世界,有世界名金剛藏,佛號普照妙德王;彼大眾中,有菩薩名不可壞精進勢王,與不可說佛剎微塵等菩薩俱,來向此土。皆悉齎持一切妙香,神力持故,普熏一切佛世界海;執持一切摩尼寶網、華鬘、瓔珞、寶衣、寶像、妙德光明諸莊嚴具,一切妙師子寶以為莊嚴;神力持故,充滿一切諸佛世界,來詣佛所,禮拜供養;即於南方,化作白淨妙寶樓閣,普照十方寶蓮華藏師子之座,結跏趺坐;以寶華網,羅覆其身。

西方過不可說佛剎微塵等世界,有世界名寶燈須彌山幢,佛號法界智燈;彼大眾中,有菩薩名無上普妙德王,與世界海微塵等菩薩俱,來向此土。興不可說佛剎微塵等種種色香須彌山雲,充滿一切法界;不可說佛剎微塵等種種色香水須彌山雲,充滿一切法界;不可說佛剎微塵等種種色摩尼寶王須彌山雲,充滿一切法界;不可說佛剎微塵等種種色光明莊嚴寶幢須彌山雲,充滿一切法界;不可說佛剎微塵等種種色金剛藏摩尼寶王須彌山雲,充滿一切法界;不可說佛剎微塵等閻浮檀寶幢須彌山雲,充滿一切法界;不可說佛剎微塵等摩尼寶王遍照一切法界須彌山雲,普覆虛空一切如來;不可說佛剎微塵等相好摩尼寶王普照須彌山雲,充滿一切眾生境界;一切如來為菩薩時不可說佛剎微塵等所行須彌山雲,充滿法界;一切如來示現不可說佛剎微塵等莊嚴道場,來詣佛所,禮拜供養。即於西方,化作一切香王樓閣,以真珠寶網羅覆其上,如帝釋幢寶蓮華藏師子之座,結跏趺坐;金色寶網,羅覆其身;如意寶王為髻明珠。

北方過不可說佛剎微塵等世界,有世界名寶衣光明幢,佛號法界虛空妙德;彼大眾中,有菩薩名無礙妙德藏王,與世界海微塵等菩薩俱,來向此土。以一切寶繒雲莊嚴虛空,神力持故,充滿虛空;雜寶衣雲、雜香熏衣雲、日幢摩尼寶衣雲、金色妙衣雲、眾寶網衣雲、閻浮檀金色莊嚴衣雲、白淨寶衣雲、明淨寶王衣雲、妙光寶衣雲、海莊嚴寶王衣雲,莊嚴虛空;神力持故,皆悉充滿一切虛空,來詣佛所,禮拜供養。即於北方,化作大海摩尼寶王樓閣,瑠璃寶蓮華藏師子之座,結跏趺坐;妙寶王網,羅覆其身;清淨寶王為髻明珠。

東北方過不可說佛剎微塵等世界,有世界名放離垢歡喜光明網,佛號無礙眼;彼大眾中,有菩薩名法界善化願月王,與世界海微塵等菩薩俱,來向此土。興寶樓閣雲,皆悉充滿一切世界;香樓閣雲、香煙樓閣雲、華樓閣雲、栴檀樓閣雲、金剛樓閣雲、摩尼樓閣雲、金樓閣雲、寶衣樓閣雲、鉢曇摩樓閣雲,皆悉普覆一切佛剎,來詣佛所,禮拜供養。即於東北方,化作一切法界門寶山樓閣,不可稱香王寶蓮華藏師子之座,結跏趺坐;摩尼華網,羅覆其身;妙莊嚴藏摩尼寶王,以為天冠。

Ru-Yi Translation

At that time, in the east, beyond world-oceans as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, there was a world called Vajra-Cloud Pure and Radiant Lamp Adornment, whose buddha was named King of Pure and Radiant Sublime Virtue. In that great assembly there was a bodhisattva named Pure and Radiant Light of Vows, who, together with bodhisattvas as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, came toward this land. They raised up every kind of cloud, adorning all of space — clouds of heavenly flowers, clouds of scattered heavenly powdered incense, clouds of hanging heavenly garlands, rain-clouds of heavenly jewels, clouds of heavenly adornment, clouds of heavenly jeweled canopies, clouds of heavenly jeweled robes, clouds of heavenly banners and canopies — filling all of space, adorned with every delightful jewel, and came before the Buddha to pay homage and make offering. Then, in the east, they transformed the space into a pavilion adorned with everything, a lion-throne of jeweled lotus-treasury; with a net of wish-fulfilling jewels covering their bodies, together with their retinues, they sat cross-legged.

In the south, beyond world-systems as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, there was a world called Vajra Treasury, whose buddha was named King of Universally Illumining Sublime Virtue. In that great assembly there was a bodhisattva named Indestructible King of the Power of Diligence, who, together with bodhisattvas as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, came toward this land. They all carried with them every kind of marvelous fragrance, which, sustained by their spiritual power, perfumed the entire ocean of every buddha-world; they held every kind of maṇi jewel-net, garland, necklace, jeweled robe, jeweled image, and every ornament of sublime virtue's own light, adorned with every kind of marvelous lion-jewel; sustained by their spiritual power, these filled every buddha-world, and they came before the Buddha to pay homage and make offering. Then, in the south, they transformed the space into a pure white pavilion of marvelous jewels, a lion-throne of jeweled lotus-treasury universally illumining the ten directions, and sat cross-legged; with a net of jeweled flowers they covered their bodies.

In the west, beyond world-systems as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, there was a world called Jeweled Lamp Sumeru Banner, whose buddha was named Lamp of the Dharma-Realm's Wisdom. In that great assembly there was a bodhisattva named Unsurpassed King of Universal Sublime Virtue, who, together with bodhisattvas as numerous as motes of dust in world-oceans, came toward this land. They raised up Sumeru-clouds of every color and fragrance, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, filling the entire Dharma-realm; Sumeru-clouds of every color, fragrance, and water, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, filling the entire Dharma-realm; Sumeru-clouds of maṇi jewel-kings in every color, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, filling the entire Dharma-realm; Sumeru-clouds of jeweled banners adorned with light in every color, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, filling the entire Dharma-realm; Sumeru-clouds of vajra-treasury maṇi jewel-kings in every color, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, filling the entire Dharma-realm; Sumeru-clouds of Jambū-river gold jeweled banners, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, filling the entire Dharma-realm; Sumeru-clouds of maṇi jewel-kings universally illumining the entire Dharma-realm, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, universally covering the space above every tathāgata; Sumeru-clouds of maṇi jewel-kings universally illumining every mark and excellent feature, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, filling the domain of every sentient being; Sumeru-clouds of the practices every tathāgata once undertook as a bodhisattva, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, filling the Dharma-realm; and every tathāgata manifesting adorned bodhimaṇḍas as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, and came before the Buddha to pay homage and make offering. Then, in the west, they transformed the space into a pavilion, King of Fragrances, covered over with a net of true pearls, a lion-throne of jeweled lotus-treasury like Indra's own banner, and sat cross-legged; a net of golden jewels covered their bodies, and a wish-fulfilling jewel-king formed the bright pearl in their topknot.

In the north, beyond world-systems as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, there was a world called Jeweled Robe Light Banner, whose buddha was named Sublime Virtue of the Dharma-Realm's Space. In that great assembly there was a bodhisattva named Unobstructed King of the Treasury of Sublime Virtue, who, together with bodhisattvas as numerous as motes of dust in world-oceans, came toward this land. With clouds of every kind of jeweled silk, jeweled robe, robe perfumed with fragrance, sun-marked maṇi-jeweled robe, golden robe, net-jeweled robe, Jambū-gold-adorned robe, pure white jeweled robe, and ocean-adorned jewel-king robe, they adorned all of space; sustained by their spiritual power, these entirely filled all of space, and they came before the Buddha to pay homage and make offering. Then, in the north, they transformed the space into a pavilion of the great ocean's maṇi jewel-king, a lion-throne of lapis-lazuli jeweled lotus-treasury, and sat cross-legged; a net of marvelous jewel-kings covered their bodies, and a pure jewel-king formed the bright pearl in their topknot.

In the northeast, beyond world-systems as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, there was a world called Releasing the Net of Stainless, Joyful Light, whose buddha was named Unobstructed Eye. In that great assembly there was a bodhisattva named King of the Moon of Vows, Skillfully Transforming the Dharma-Realm, who, together with bodhisattvas as numerous as motes of dust in world-oceans, came toward this land. They raised up clouds of jeweled pavilions, fragrant pavilions, incense-smoke pavilions, flower pavilions, sandalwood pavilions, vajra pavilions, maṇi pavilions, golden pavilions, jeweled-robe pavilions, and red-lotus pavilions, entirely covering every buddha-land, and came before the Buddha to pay homage and make offering. Then, in the northeast, they transformed the space into a jeweled mountain pavilion, the very gate of the entire Dharma-realm, a lion-throne of jeweled lotus-treasury, King of Fragrance beyond naming, and sat cross-legged; a net of maṇi flowers covered their bodies, and a maṇi jewel-king, treasury of sublime adornment, formed their heavenly crown.

Reading note — after Fazang

Fazang reads each direction's arrival through a fixed nine-part grammar, the same nine elements recurring for every one of the ten: the distance traveled (measuring how deep the Dharma being brought truly is), the arriving world's own name (the depth of the dependent-arising ground it rests on), the resident buddha's name (the perfected fruit relied upon), the arriving bodhisattva's name (the cause relied upon in reaching that fruit), the retinue, the particular cloud of offering raised, the act of arrival and worship, the transformation of that portion of the grove into a pavilion and throne, and finally the specific ornament — net, crest-jewel, or crown — that marks each bodhisattva's own distinguishing rank. Once this grammar is visible, the ten arrivals read less as ten separate stories than as one story told nine times with a single variable changed each time.

He gives the east particular attention as the template the rest elaborate. The world-name, Vajra-Cloud Pure and Radiant Lamp Adornment, he glosses term by term — vajra for solidity and sharpness, cloud for pervasiveness and moistening, lamp for dispelling darkness and illumining what is present, adornment for both outward ornament and inward principle — and adds a striking note on the buddha's own name: 今勘梵本,但此名明淨之言,皆梵名毘盧遮那也 — "checking against the Sanskrit original, this term rendered 'pure and radiant' is, in every case, simply the Sanskrit name Vairocana." Every one of these ten buddhas presiding in the ten directions, whatever epithet the Chinese translation gives them, is Vairocana under another name — the same buddha met nine more times, from nine further directions, each arrival simply making explicit what was already implicit in the first.

Four Further Directions, and the Assembly's Shared Qualities

Chinese Source

東南方過不可說佛剎微塵等世界,有世界名香雲莊嚴幢,佛號龍自在王;彼大眾中,有菩薩名法義慧焰王,與世界微塵等菩薩俱,來向此土。興無量金色圓滿光雲,普覆虛空;無量寶色圓滿光雲、佛白毫相圓滿光雲、眾寶雜色圓滿光雲、寶蓮華藏圓滿光雲、眾寶樹華圓滿光雲、如來無見頂相圓滿光雲、閻浮檀金色圓滿光雲、日光圓滿光雲、月光圓滿光雲,普覆虛空,來詣佛所,禮拜供養。即於東南方,化作明淨摩尼寶王樓閣,金剛寶蓮華藏師子之座,結跏趺坐;寶焰光網,羅覆其身。

西南方過不可說佛剎微塵等世界,有世界名曰光藏,佛號法月普照智王;彼大眾中,有菩薩名壞散一切眾魔智幢王,與世界微塵等菩薩俱,來向此土。一一毛孔,普興虛空界等寶華焰雲,遍照一切世界;放香焰雲、眾寶焰雲、金剛焰雲、香煙焰雲、大龍自在電光焰雲、明淨摩尼寶焰雲、金色寶焰雲、妙德藏摩尼寶王網焰雲;一一毛孔各放虛空界等如來光明海雲,普照三世,來詣佛所,禮拜供養。即於西南方,化作一切方門光網普照法界摩尼樓閣,香燈焰寶蓮華藏師子之座,結跏趺坐;摩尼寶藏王妙光明網,羅覆其身;冠一切眾生向解脫音摩尼寶王冠。

西北方過不可說佛剎微塵等世界,有世界名淨願摩尼寶藏,佛號普明淨妙德須彌山王;彼大眾中,有菩薩名明淨願智幢王,與世界微塵等菩薩俱,來向此土。於念念中,一切相好、一切毛孔,皆出三世一切諸佛身雲,充滿一切虛空界;又出一切菩薩身雲、一切如來眷屬身雲、一切如來變化身雲、一切如來本生身雲、一切聲聞、緣覺身雲、一切如來道場菩提樹雲、一切如來自在雲、一切世界王身雲、一切嚴淨佛剎雲,於念念中,一切相好、一切毛孔皆出如是等雲,充滿虛空,來詣佛所,禮拜供養。即於西北方,化作諸方清淨摩尼妙寶樓閣,清淨一切眾生摩尼寶蓮華藏師子之座,結跏趺坐;堅固光明真珠寶網,羅覆其身;首冠普覆摩尼寶冠。

下方過不可說佛剎微塵等世界,有世界名一切如來光圓滿清淨,佛號無礙虛空智幢王;彼大眾中,有菩薩名壞散一切障智慧勢王,與世界微塵等菩薩俱,來向此土。於一切毛孔,出一切眾生語海音雲、三世菩薩行海音雲、一切菩薩願音雲、一切菩薩成滿清淨波羅蜜音雲、一切菩薩行妙音聲雲、充滿一切世界一切菩薩積集自在音雲、一切菩薩往詣道場降伏眾魔成最正覺自在音雲、一切諸佛轉正法輪修多羅音雲、隨其所應化度眾生方便音雲、令一切眾生隨時方便得妙智慧善根音雲,來詣佛所,禮拜供養。即於下方,化作諸佛寶光明藏莊嚴樓閣,寶蓮華藏師子之座,結跏趺坐;普照道場摩尼寶王為髻明珠。

上方過不可說佛剎微塵等世界,有世界名說無盡覺,佛號圓滿普智光音;彼大眾中,有菩薩名分別法界智通王,與世界海微塵等菩薩俱,來向娑婆世界釋迦牟尼佛所。一切相好、一切毛孔、一切肢節、一切身分、一切莊嚴具、一切衣服中,出盧舍那等過去一切諸佛、未來一切已受記佛、未受記佛,現在十方一切世界、一切諸佛、及眷屬雲,皆悉顯現。過去所行檀波羅蜜,及受施者,皆悉顯現;過去所修尸波羅蜜,持戒清淨;過去羼提波羅蜜,割截肢節,心不動亂;過去修習毘梨耶波羅蜜;過去修習一切如來禪波羅蜜海;過去修習一切如來轉淨法輪;過去一切悉捨不著壽命;過去歡喜樂求諸菩薩道;過去出生菩薩清淨大莊嚴願;過去一切菩薩力波羅蜜;過去一切菩薩圓滿智慧,皆悉具足。出如是等諸自在雲,充滿法界,皆悉顯現,來詣佛所,禮拜供養。即於上方,化作金剛莊嚴藏樓閣,青金剛寶蓮華藏師子之座,結跏趺坐;一切寶網,羅覆其身;三世佛號摩尼寶王為髻明珠。

是諸菩薩及其眷屬,皆悉具足普賢行願;成就三世諸佛清淨智眼;轉一切佛淨妙法輪;攝取諸佛勝妙音聲修多羅海;具足一切菩薩自在究竟彼岸。於念念中,悉詣一切諸如來所,現自在力,一身充滿一切世界,能於一切如來眾中,現清淨身;於一微塵悉能示現一切世界,隨所應化,成熟眾生,未曾失時。於一毛孔,出一切佛妙法雷音,知眾生界皆悉如幻,知一切佛悉如電光,知一切有趣皆悉如夢,知一切果報如鏡中像,知一切生如熱時焰,知一切世間皆如變化;具足成就如來十力無所畏法;於大眾中能師子吼,深入無盡一切辯海;決定了知一切眾生語言法海;於淨法界行無礙行,知一切法皆悉無諍;具足菩薩諸通妙智,勤修精進,摧伏諸魔;安住三世勝妙智慧,無所染著;清淨妙行,得佛莊嚴一切智地;知一切有,悉無所有;深入一切法界智海,以不壞智,入一切世界;於一切世界,普現自在;示現一切世界受生;知一切世界種種形色,以微細境界,現廣佛剎;以廣佛剎,現微細境界。於一念中,住一切佛住,得一切佛住持智身,得清淨慧,了知十方一切剎海;於一念中,悉能出生無量自在,遍滿十方一切世界海。此諸菩薩,皆悉成就如是等無量功德,滿祇洹林皆是如來威神力故。

Ru-Yi Translation

In the southeast, beyond world-systems as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, there was a world called Fragrant Cloud Adornment Banner, whose buddha was named Sovereign King of the Nāgas. In that great assembly there was a bodhisattva named King of the Flame of Wisdom in the Meaning of the Dharma, who, together with bodhisattvas as numerous as motes of dust in worlds, came toward this land. They raised up immeasurable clouds of full golden light, universally covering all of space; immeasurable clouds of full light in every jeweled color, clouds of full light of the Buddha's own white curl of hair, clouds of full light in every mingled jeweled color, clouds of full light of the jeweled lotus-treasury, clouds of full light of trees hung with every jewel and flower, clouds of full light of the Tathāgata's own crown-mark none can see the top of, clouds of full light in Jambū-river gold, clouds of full sunlight, and clouds of full moonlight, universally covering all of space, and came before the Buddha to pay homage and make offering. Then, in the southeast, they transformed the space into a pavilion of pure and radiant maṇi jewel-kings, a lion-throne of vajra jeweled lotus-treasury, and sat cross-legged; a net of jeweled, flaming light covered their bodies.

In the southwest, beyond world-systems as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, there was a world called Treasury of Light, whose buddha was named King of Wisdom, the Dharma-Moon Universally Illumining. In that great assembly there was a bodhisattva named King of the Wisdom-Banner Destroying and Scattering Every Māra, who, together with bodhisattvas as numerous as motes of dust in worlds, came toward this land. From every single pore they raised up clouds of jeweled, flowering flame equal to the whole realm of space, illumining every world everywhere; releasing clouds of fragrant flame, clouds of every jeweled flame, clouds of vajra flame, clouds of incense-smoke flame, clouds of flame like the lightning of a great, sovereign nāga, clouds of pure and radiant maṇi-jeweled flame, clouds of golden jeweled flame, and clouds of the flaming net of the maṇi jewel-king, treasury of sublime virtue; from every single pore they each released clouds of the Tathāgata's own ocean of light, equal to the whole realm of space, universally illumining the three times, and came before the Buddha to pay homage and make offering. Then, in the southwest, they transformed the space into a maṇi pavilion whose net of light, through every gate in every direction, universally illumines the Dharma-realm, a lion-throne of jeweled lotus-treasury, fragrant lamp of flame, and sat cross-legged; a net of the sublime light of the maṇi jewel-treasury king covered their bodies, and they wore a crown of the maṇi jewel-king, Voice of Liberation Turning Every Sentient Being.

In the northwest, beyond world-systems as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, there was a world called Pure Vow Maṇi Jewel-Treasury, whose buddha was named King of the Sumeru of Universally Bright, Pure Sublime Virtue. In that great assembly there was a bodhisattva named King of the Banner of Pure and Radiant Wisdom and Vow, who, together with bodhisattvas as numerous as motes of dust in worlds, came toward this land. In every single thought-moment, from every mark and every pore came forth clouds of the bodies of every buddha of the three times, filling the entire realm of space; further came forth clouds of the bodies of every bodhisattva, clouds of the bodies of every tathāgata's retinue, clouds of every tathāgata's transformation-bodies, clouds of every tathāgata's own past-life bodies, clouds of the bodies of every śrāvaka and pratyekabuddha, clouds of every tathāgata's own bodhi-tree at the bodhimaṇḍa, clouds of every tathāgata's own sovereign mastery, clouds of the bodies of every world's own king, and clouds of every adorned and pure buddha-land — in every single thought-moment, from every mark and every pore, clouds such as these came forth, filling all of space, and they came before the Buddha to pay homage and make offering. Then, in the northwest, they transformed the space into a pavilion of pure and marvelous maṇi jewels in every direction, a lion-throne of maṇi jeweled lotus-treasury purifying every sentient being, and sat cross-legged; a net of solid, radiant pearl-jewels covered their bodies, and upon their heads they wore a maṇi jeweled crown covering all.

Below, beyond world-systems as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, there was a world called Every Tathāgata's Light, Perfect and Pure, whose buddha was named King of the Unobstructed Banner of Wisdom of Space. In that great assembly there was a bodhisattva named King of the Power of Wisdom Destroying and Scattering Every Hindrance, who, together with bodhisattvas as numerous as motes of dust in worlds, came toward this land. From every pore came forth clouds of the ocean-voice of every sentient being's own speech, clouds of the ocean-voice of the bodhisattvas' practice through the three times, clouds of the voice of every bodhisattva's vow, clouds of the voice of every bodhisattva's pure pāramitās brought to fulfillment, clouds of the marvelous voice of every bodhisattva's practice, clouds of the voice of every bodhisattva's sovereign accumulation filling every world, clouds of the voice of every bodhisattva's sovereign mastery in going to the bodhimaṇḍa, subduing every māra, and attaining perfect awakening, clouds of the voice of every buddha's sūtras turning the true Dharma-wheel, clouds of the voice of skillful means transforming and delivering sentient beings according to what each requires, and clouds of the voice by which every sentient being, at the right time, through skillful means attains the root of goodness of sublime wisdom, and came before the Buddha to pay homage and make offering. Then, below, they transformed the space into an adorned pavilion, treasury of every buddha's jeweled light, a lion-throne of jeweled lotus-treasury, and sat cross-legged; a maṇi jewel-king universally illumining the bodhimaṇḍa formed the bright pearl in their topknot.

Above, beyond world-systems as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, there was a world called Proclaiming Inexhaustible Awakening, whose buddha was named Perfect and Universal Light of Wisdom's Voice. In that great assembly there was a bodhisattva named King of the Penetrating Wisdom Discerning the Dharma-Realm, who, together with bodhisattvas as numerous as motes of dust in world-oceans, came toward this Sahā world, to where Śākyamuni Buddha was. From every mark, every pore, every limb and joint, every part of the body, every ornament, and every garment came forth clouds manifesting Vairocana and every other buddha of the past; every buddha of the future already given their prediction and not yet given their prediction; and every buddha of the present, in every world of the ten directions, together with their retinues. There likewise appeared the giving-pāramitā practiced in ages past, together with those who received such gifts; the moral-conduct pāramitā cultivated in ages past, precepts kept in purity; the patience-pāramitā of ages past, limbs and joints cut away while the mind remained unmoved and undisturbed; the diligence-pāramitā cultivated in ages past; the ocean of every tathāgata's meditation-pāramitā cultivated in ages past; every tathāgata's turning of the pure Dharma-wheel, cultivated in ages past; every past renunciation, unattached even to one's own life; the joy and delight in seeking the bodhisattva path in ages past; the pure, greatly adorned vow of the bodhisattva that arose in ages past; the power-pāramitā of every bodhisattva in ages past; and the perfected wisdom of every bodhisattva in ages past, all fully and completely manifest. Clouds of sovereign mastery such as these, filling the Dharma-realm, all appeared, and they came before the Buddha to pay homage and make offering. Then, above, they transformed the space into a pavilion, treasury adorned with vajra, a lion-throne of blue vajra jeweled lotus-treasury, and sat cross-legged; a net of every jewel covered their bodies, and a maṇi jewel-king bearing the names of the buddhas of the three times formed the bright pearl in their topknot.

These bodhisattvas, together with their retinues, were all fully endowed with the practice and vow of Samantabhadra; they had accomplished the pure eye of wisdom of every buddha of the three times; they turned the pure and sublime Dharma-wheel of every buddha; they gathered in the ocean of scriptures, the sublime and excellent voice of every buddha; and they were fully endowed with every bodhisattva's own sovereign mastery reaching the far shore. In every single thought-moment they went before every tathāgata, manifesting sovereign power — a single body filling every world, able to manifest a pure body within the assembly of every tathāgata; within a single mote of dust they were able to manifest every world, transforming and ripening sentient beings according to what each required, never once missing the right moment. From a single pore they released the thunder-voice of every buddha's sublime Dharma, knowing that the realm of sentient beings is entirely like an illusion, that every buddha is like a flash of lightning, that every realm of existence is entirely like a dream, that every karmic result is like a reflection in a mirror, that every act of birth is like a mirage in the heat, and that every world is entirely like a magical transformation. They were fully endowed with the Tathāgata's own ten powers and fearless Dharma; within the great assembly they were able to roar the lion's roar, penetrating deeply into the inexhaustible ocean of every eloquence; they knew with certainty the ocean of language and Dharma of every sentient being; within the pure Dharma-realm they practiced unobstructed practice, knowing that every dharma is entirely without contention; they were fully endowed with the bodhisattvas' every spiritual power and sublime wisdom, diligently cultivating vigor, subduing every māra; they abided in the sublime and excellent wisdom of the three times, unstained by anything; through pure and sublime practice they attained the Buddha's own adorned ground of omniscience; they knew that every existent thing has, in truth, no existence at all; they penetrated deeply into the ocean of wisdom of the entire Dharma-realm, and, through indestructible wisdom, entered every world; in every world they manifested their own sovereign mastery everywhere; they manifested taking birth in every world; they knew every world's every kind of shape and color, manifesting a vast buddha-land within the finest, most subtle domain, and manifesting the finest, most subtle domain within a vast buddha-land. In a single thought-moment they abided in every buddha's own abiding, attained the wisdom-body sustained by every buddha, attained pure wisdom, and fully understood the ocean of every land in the ten directions; in a single thought-moment they were able to give rise to immeasurable sovereign mastery, filling entirely the ocean of every world in the ten directions. All these bodhisattvas had accomplished immeasurable merits such as these, and it was entirely through the Tathāgata's own majestic spiritual power that Jeta's Grove was filled in this way.

Reading note — after Fazang

The "above" direction breaks the otherwise strict formula in one telling way: every other direction's bodhisattva is said only to come "toward this land" (來向此土), but the bodhisattva from above is named as coming specifically 來向娑婆世界釋迦牟尼佛所 — "toward the Sahā world, to where Śākyamuni Buddha is." Fazang does not comment on this directly at this point in the text, but the asymmetry is worth holding onto: of the ten directions, only "above" names both the Sahā world and Śākyamuni by name, as though the vertical axis — rather than the compass — is where the text finally locates the particular, unrepeatable buddha and world this whole vast scene is actually unfolding within.

On the closing paragraph's tally of shared qualities, Fazang reads it as a deliberate move from breadth back to a single point: after ten directions' worth of world-names, buddha-names, and clouds of offering — each one distinct — the text closes by insisting that every one of these countless bodhisattvas already holds, identically, the full practice and vow of Samantabhadra, the same sovereign mastery, the same six similes of illusoriness (like a dream, a mirage, a mirror's reflection, lightning, a magical transformation) that recur throughout the Prajñāpāramitā literature and here get folded directly into this chapter's own vocabulary. Ten directions of difference, in other words, converge on one identical realization — which is itself a small enactment, before Sudhana has even appeared, of exactly the pattern his own pilgrimage to fifty-three distinct teachers will trace at far greater length: many doors, one Dharma-realm entered through every one of them.

Part 3 Complete

This closes Part 3: bodhisattvas beyond number, arriving from all ten directions with their own distinct clouds of offering, each transforming a portion of the transfigured grove into their own jeweled pavilion and throne — ten separate arrivals that the closing paragraph gathers back into a single, shared realization. Part 4 turns to why the five hundred great śrāvakas, seated in this very same hall, perceive none of it.

Continue to Part 4 — Why the Śrāvakas Cannot See →