A Hundred and Three Samādhis
Ten kinds of subtle merit, unfolded into a hundred and three named samādhis — the first naming the foundation every other one rests on, the last gathering every other one back into the Lion's-Vigor Samādhi that has run through this whole chapter's opening.
The Hundred and Three Named Samādhis
此諸菩薩得如是等十不可說佛剎微塵等諸妙功德,所謂:種種道、種種門、種種入、種種度、種種方便、種種至、種種方、種種光明、種種功德、種種功德具、種種自在。深入菩薩諸三昧海,所謂:普莊嚴法界菩薩三昧;普照三世無礙三昧;不壞法界智三昧;隨時深入如來境界三昧;普照虛空三昧;行如來力三昧;如來無畏莊嚴師子奮迅三昧;一切法界方便藏三昧;無礙法界淨月三昧;清淨莊嚴法雲三昧;除滅癡障法王幢三昧;一一境界中,悉見一切佛海三昧;一切世間不可壞身清淨光明智幢三昧;深入佛身無壞三昧;隨順一切世藏三昧;諸法無迹無依三昧;圓滿普照寂滅三昧;無所有,善化、普化,遍照三昧;攝持一切佛剎三昧;莊嚴一切佛剎,現成菩提三昧;行一切王法三昧;行一切眾生境界無礙三昧;生一切諸佛三昧;究竟一切佛德海三昧;一一境界,出生盡未來際功德三昧;解了一切如來本生海三昧;護持盡未來際,一切如來種性三昧;令現在十方一切佛剎海悉淨三昧;於一念中,普照一切佛住三昧;遠離障礙,深入一切境界三昧;令一切剎,入一佛剎三昧;出一切佛化身三昧;決定智慧金剛王,入一切根海三昧;住持一切佛身,皆一身藏,無差別三昧;於一念中,住一切佛法界,方便無盡三昧;於一切法界佛剎中,示現涅槃三昧;住無上地三昧;令一切世界眾生,悉見其身無別異三昧;一切佛智現前三昧;知一切法實相三昧;於一念中,具分別知三世三昧;於一念中,知一切法界藏三昧;皆隨順知如來智師子行三昧;於一切境界,慧眼圓滿三昧;十力境界等三昧;於一切境界,以平等眼示現三昧;出生一切妙色,眾生見無厭足三昧;無動藏三昧;一法攝一切法三昧;一言普說一切音聲三昧;一切佛無二法三昧;離三世三昧;分別一切劫不壞智三昧;微細方便十力內三昧;一切劫出生菩薩行無斷三昧;一切十方普雲現前三昧;菩提自在,法界無礙三昧;分別一切覺正希望安隱幢三昧;一切莊嚴,莊嚴虛空三昧;於念念中,出生化雲三昧;離垢如空,如來月光三昧;一切佛持如空三昧;一切法莊嚴,法光三昧;開一切法義燈三昧;十力圓滿光三昧;三世一切佛幢三昧;一切佛同一藏三昧;於念念中,發起究竟一切事三昧;無盡功德藏三昧;示現無量無邊諸佛境界三昧;住一切法,金剛師子座三昧;出生顯現一切如來變化,無不知見三昧;一切念如來日三昧;一日悉覺三世三昧;自然寂靜解脫三昧;見一切佛三昧;鉢曇摩華莊嚴,一切法界決定智三昧;一切法無著,虛空淨眼三昧;一方攝十方海三昧;深入無底法界三昧;一切法海三昧;放一切光寂靜身三昧;一念出生一切通明願三昧;一切時,一切處,成菩提三昧;一切法界入一莊嚴三昧;一切佛住持三昧;一切眾生勝地智明三昧;一念中,一身充滿法界三昧;一身中,顯現清淨法界三昧;普門入法界,顯現大莊嚴三昧;一切佛法圓滿,輪智住持三昧;一切法方便,一方便莊嚴三昧;因陀羅網攝眾生界,諸願精進住持三昧;分別一切世界輪三昧;蓮華妙德自在三昧;分別一切眾生身三昧;對現一切眾生身三昧;分別一切音聲海三昧;了知一切眾生地三昧;不可壞大悲藏三昧;一切佛入如來際三昧;修習一切佛法門三昧;觀察師子奮迅菩薩三昧。如是等不可說佛剎微塵等三昧門,入如來海,入一切佛自在三昧;於念念中,充滿法界。
These bodhisattvas had attained ten kinds of subtle merit such as these, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling — namely: every kind of path, every kind of gate, every kind of entry, every kind of crossing-over, every kind of skillful means, every kind of reaching, every kind of direction, every kind of light, every kind of merit, and every kind of sovereign mastery. They entered deeply into the bodhisattvas' own ocean of samādhis, namely: the Bodhisattva Samādhi of Universally Adorning the Dharma-Realm; the Unobstructed Samādhi Universally Illumining the Three Times; the Samādhi of Indestructible Wisdom of the Dharma-Realm; the Samādhi of Entering Deeply, According to the Time, into the Tathāgata's Domain; the Samādhi Universally Illumining Space; the Samādhi of Practicing the Tathāgata's Own Strength; the Lion's-Vigor Samādhi Adorned with the Tathāgata's Own Fearlessness; the Samādhi of the Treasury of Skillful Means of Every Dharma-Realm; the Samādhi of the Pure Moon of the Unobstructed Dharma-Realm; the Samādhi of the Pure, Adorned Cloud of Dharma; the Samādhi of the Dharma-King's Banner Extinguishing the Hindrance of Delusion; the Samādhi of Beholding the Ocean of Every Buddha Within Every Single Domain; the Samādhi of the Banner of Pure, Radiant Wisdom, the Indestructible Body of Every World; the Samādhi of Entering Deeply into the Buddha's Own Indestructible Body; the Samādhi of According with the Treasury of Every World; the Samādhi of Every Dharma Being Traceless and Without Support; the Samādhi of Perfect, Universally Illumining Tranquil Extinction; the Samādhi of Having Nothing at All, Skillfully Transforming, Universally Transforming, and Illumining Everywhere; the Samādhi of Gathering In and Upholding Every Buddha-Land; the Samādhi of Adorning Every Buddha-Land and Manifesting the Attainment of Awakening; the Samādhi of Practicing Every Kingly Dharma; the Samādhi of Unobstructed Practice in the Domain of Every Sentient Being; the Samādhi of Giving Rise to Every Buddha; the Samādhi of the Ultimate Ocean of Every Buddha's Merit; the Samādhi of Giving Rise, Within Every Single Domain, to Merit Reaching the Very Limit of the Future; the Samādhi of Understanding the Ocean of Every Tathāgata's Own Past Lives; the Samādhi of Guarding, to the Very Limit of the Future, the Lineage of Every Tathāgata; the Samādhi of Purifying Entirely the Ocean of Every Present Buddha-Land in the Ten Directions; the Samādhi of Universally Illumining, in a Single Thought-Moment, Every Buddha's Own Abiding; the Samādhi of Being Far Removed from Every Hindrance and Entering Deeply into Every Domain; the Samādhi of Causing Every Land to Enter a Single Buddha-Land; the Samādhi of Sending Forth the Transformation-Body of Every Buddha; the Samādhi of the Vajra King of Resolute Wisdom, Entering the Ocean of Every Faculty; the Samādhi of Sustaining Every Buddha's Body as a Single, Undifferentiated Treasury of Body; the Samādhi of Abiding, in a Single Thought-Moment, in Every Buddha's Own Dharma-Realm, with Inexhaustible Skillful Means; the Samādhi of Manifesting Nirvāṇa Within Every Buddha-Land of the Dharma-Realm; the Samādhi of Abiding on the Unsurpassed Ground; the Samādhi of Causing Every Sentient Being in Every World to See Its Body as No Different from Their Own; the Samādhi of Every Buddha's Own Wisdom Manifest Directly; the Samādhi of Knowing the True Mark of Every Dharma; the Samādhi of Fully Discerning and Knowing the Three Times in a Single Thought-Moment; the Samādhi of Knowing the Treasury of the Entire Dharma-Realm in a Single Thought-Moment; the Samādhi of According Entirely with and Knowing the Tathāgata's Own Wisdom, the Lion's Own Conduct; the Samādhi of the Eye of Wisdom Perfected Within Every Domain; the Samādhi Equal to the Domain of the Ten Powers; the Samādhi of Manifesting Within Every Domain Through an Eye of Equanimity; the Samādhi of Giving Rise to Every Sublime Form, Which Sentient Beings Never Tire of Beholding; the Samādhi of the Unmoving Treasury; the Samādhi of a Single Dharma Gathering In Every Dharma; the Samādhi of a Single Word Universally Expressing Every Sound; the Samādhi of Every Buddha's Own Non-Dual Dharma; the Samādhi Apart from the Three Times; the Samādhi of Indestructible Wisdom Discerning Every Eon; the Samādhi of the Ten Powers Held Within, Through the Finest Skillful Means; the Samādhi of Giving Rise, Through Every Eon, to Bodhisattva Practice Without Interruption; the Samādhi of Clouds Universally Manifest Throughout the Ten Directions; the Samādhi of Sovereign Mastery of Awakening, Unobstructed Throughout the Dharma-Realm; the Samādhi of the Banner of Peace and Right Hope, Discerning Every Awakening; the Samādhi of Every Adornment, Adorning All of Space; the Samādhi of Giving Rise, in Every Thought-Moment, to Clouds of Transformation; the Samādhi of the Tathāgata's Own Moonlight, Stainless as Space; the Samādhi of Every Buddha's Own Sustaining Power, Vast as Space; the Samādhi of the Light of Dharma, Adorning Every Dharma; the Samādhi of the Lamp Opening the Meaning of Every Dharma; the Samādhi of the Perfect Light of the Ten Powers; the Samādhi of the Banner of Every Buddha of the Three Times; the Samādhi of Every Buddha as a Single, Same Treasury; the Samādhi of Raising Up, in Every Thought-Moment, the Ultimate Accomplishment of Every Undertaking; the Samādhi of the Inexhaustible Treasury of Merit; the Samādhi of Manifesting the Immeasurable, Boundless Domain of Every Buddha; the Samādhi of the Vajra Lion-Throne, Abiding in Every Dharma; the Samādhi of Giving Rise to and Manifesting Every Tathāgata's Transformation, Knowing and Seeing All Without Exception; the Samādhi of the Sun of the Tathāgata, Held in Every Thought; the Samādhi of Awakening Entirely to the Three Times in a Single Day; the Samādhi of Spontaneous, Tranquil Liberation; the Samādhi of Beholding Every Buddha; the Samādhi of Resolute Wisdom Throughout the Entire Dharma-Realm, Adorned with the Red Lotus; the Samādhi of the Pure Eye of Space, Attached to No Dharma; the Samādhi of a Single Direction Gathering In the Ocean of the Ten Directions; the Samādhi of Entering Deeply into the Bottomless Dharma-Realm; the Samādhi of the Ocean of Every Dharma; the Samādhi of the Tranquil Body Releasing Every Light; the Samādhi of Giving Rise, in a Single Thought, to Every Vow of Penetrating Radiance; the Samādhi of Accomplishing Awakening at Every Time, in Every Place; the Samādhi of the Entire Dharma-Realm Entering a Single Adornment; the Samādhi of Every Buddha's Own Sustaining Power; the Samādhi of the Bright Wisdom of the Supreme Ground of Every Sentient Being; the Samādhi of a Single Body Filling the Dharma-Realm in a Single Thought-Moment; the Samādhi of Manifesting the Pure Dharma-Realm Within a Single Body; the Samādhi of the Universal Gate Entering the Dharma-Realm, Manifesting Great Adornment; the Samādhi of the Wisdom-Wheel Sustaining the Perfection of Every Buddha-Dharma; the Samādhi of a Single Skillful Means Adorning Every Dharma's Own Skillful Means; the Samādhi of Indra's Net Gathering In the Realm of Sentient Beings, Sustained by Every Vow and Diligence; the Samādhi of Discerning the Wheel of Every World; the Samādhi of the Sovereign Mastery of the Lotus's Own Sublime Virtue; the Samādhi of Discerning the Body of Every Sentient Being; the Samādhi of Manifesting Directly Before the Body of Every Sentient Being; the Samādhi of Discerning the Ocean of Every Sound; the Samādhi of Fully Knowing the Ground of Every Sentient Being; the Samādhi of the Indestructible Treasury of Great Compassion; the Samādhi of Every Buddha Entering the Very Limit of the Tathāgata; the Samādhi of Cultivating Every Buddha's Own Dharma-Gate; and the Bodhisattva Samādhi of Contemplating the Lion's Own Vigor. Samādhi-gates such as these, as numerous as motes of dust in buddha-lands beyond telling, enter the ocean of the Tathāgata, enter the sovereign samādhi of every buddha, and, in every single thought-moment, fill the entire Dharma-realm.
Fazang reads the opening ten-term list — every kind of path, gate, entry, crossing-over, and so on — as a summary heading rather than ten separate topics, and offers a sharp observation about how it relates to the hundred-plus samādhis that follow: 又釋,此百但是前十之中種種門之一門也 — "on another reading, these hundred-odd samādhis are simply an unfolding of a single one of the ten terms — 'every kind of gate' — not of all ten at once." His evidence is grammatical: the passage's own closing line calls them collectively "不可說佛剎微塵等三昧門" — "samādhi-gates beyond telling" — using 門 ("gate"), the very same character as the second of the ten summary terms, not any of the other nine. A list this vast, on Fazang's reading, is not attempting to itemize the whole of "path, gate, entry, crossing-over" and so on exhaustively; it is a single, sustained illustration of what just one of those ten terms alone already contains without limit — which puts the other nine terms' own unstated scope in genuine perspective.
He gives the list's first and last entries special attention, reading them as bookends rather than as two names among equals. The first, the Bodhisattva Samādhi of Universally Adorning the Dharma-Realm, he glosses as 明所依之本 — "making manifest the fundamental basis every other samādhi in the list depends upon" — named, in his words, 以無盡行海用類平等法界,使出纏結究竟圓明具德 — "for using the inexhaustible ocean of practice to match the impartial Dharma-realm, causing one to emerge from every bond into ultimate, perfect clarity, complete with virtue." The last, the Bodhisattva Samādhi of Contemplating the Lion's Own Vigor, he glosses as 明攝歸其位 — "making manifest the gathering of everything back into its own proper place" — 上諸三昧皆為趣向此三昧,故云觀察 — "every samādhi listed above exists only as something oriented toward this very samādhi, which is why it is called 'contemplating.'" Fazang adds one careful qualification: 此不同佛地所得,故云菩薩也 — "this differs from what is attained at the very ground of buddhahood itself, and so it is still called a bodhisattva['s] samādhi" — the whole hundred-and-three-fold list, vast as it is, remains a bodhisattva's own attainment, one stage short of the Buddha's own. As for the roughly hundred names in between, Fazang offers no line-by-line gloss, noting only 隨義思釋 — "each should be understood according to its own name" — and leaves them, deliberately, as a single sustained enumeration rather than a hundred separate lessons: the sheer accumulation is itself the point, the same rhetorical strategy that produced the hundred-and-forty-one bodhisattva names of Part 1.
Part 8 Complete
This closes Part 8: a hundred and three named samādhis, bookended by a foundation every other one depends on and a final gathering-point every other one is oriented toward. Part 9 turns to what these bodhisattvas, having attained all of this, actually become — described one final time in dense, sweeping prose before the chapter turns, at last, to Sudhana himself.
Continue to Part 9 — What the Bodhisattvas Become →