Relinquishment, at Sea Tide
Sudhana arrives at the grove Universal Adornment, at Sea Tide, and finds the laywoman Relinquishment seated on a golden throne, buddhas from every direction constantly coming to teach her. Her own Dharma-gate is stated in a single line: whoever sees her, none of it is ever in vain.
Journey to the Grove Universal Adornment
「...名曰海潮;彼有園林,名普莊嚴;有優婆夷,名曰休捨。汝詣彼問云何菩薩修菩薩道、淨菩薩道。」時,善財童子歡喜無量,於海幢比丘所,不堅固中而得堅固;於不實中而得真實;究竟功德妙藏境界,得明淨智,普照一切;逮得甚深三昧光明,到淨解脫;方便觀察一切世界,淨諸法門;明淨智慧,普照十方。頭面禮足,遶無數匝,眷仰觀察,辭退南行。
爾時,善財童子正念思惟海幢比丘,心未曾捨,樂見無厭,顧戀聖音,目想慈顏;正念思惟其心境界、三昧境界、願行境界;正念思惟明淨智慧,敬善知識,向善知識,念善知識教;於善知識起愛恭敬。又作是念:「因善知識,得見諸佛。善知識者,開示顯現一切佛法;善知識者,是奇特法,令人得見諸佛法故;善知識者,為明淨眼,令人見佛如虛空故;善知識者,為善津濟,令人於佛華池,得源底故。」漸漸南行,至海潮處,見普莊嚴園林;七寶垣牆,周匝圍遶;諸妙寶樹,行列莊嚴;一切華樹,雨華如雲,布散其地;香樹芬馨,普熏十方;鬘樹垂鬘,寶樹雨寶,遍布莊嚴;眾寶衣樹,彌覆一切;諸音樂樹,出微妙音;以如是等諸珍玩具,而以莊嚴。此園林中,有一萬講堂,眾寶合成;一萬樓閣,閻浮檀金以覆其上;一萬宮殿,毘樓遮那寶藏莊嚴。一萬浴池,眾寶合成;七寶欄楯,周匝圍遶;八功德水,湛然盈滿;閻浮檀金沙,淨水寶珠,遍布池底;四面寶階,端嚴齊正;寶多羅樹,周匝行列;鳧、雁、鴛鴦、孔雀、哀鸞,異類眾鳥,遊戲其中;出和雅音,覆以金網;風自然起,出微妙聲;設眾寶帳,寶樹周遍。建阿僧祇殊勝寶幢,放大光明,照百由旬百萬池沼;黑栴檀泥凝積池底;生寶蓮華,充滿其中;從彼蓮華,出大光明,普照一切。彼園林中,有大宮殿,名莊嚴幢;海藏妙寶,以為其地;瑠璃寶柱,莊嚴殊妙,巍巍高大,猶若金山;眾生見者,無不喜樂。有阿僧祇淨摩尼寶,普照一切;出自然香,謂:明相香、香王香、覺悟香等,敷眾寶座,謂:蓮華藏座、照諸方藏座、明淨藏座、眾生悅樂藏座、師子藏座、離垢寶藏座、不思議藏座、普門摩尼妙寶藏座、光嚴藏座、大海藏座、金剛師子藏座;無量窓牖,妙寶莊飾。又張一萬眾妙寶帳,謂:寶衣帳、妙寶華帳、寶樹枝帳、摩尼寶帳、金帳、莊嚴帳、香帳、娛樂帳、自在龍王帳、馬王帳、釋天莊嚴寶帳;一萬寶網,絞絡其上,謂:金鈴網、珍寶蓋網、眾寶像網、海藏珠網、青瑠璃摩尼寶網、師子吼網、月摩尼網、香像網、眾寶山網、寶王網;一萬光明,普照世界,謂:夜光摩尼光明、日藏摩尼淨寶光明、月幢摩尼妙寶光明、香焰光明、妙藏摩尼寶光明、鉢曇摩光明、夜光摩尼淨寶光明、大燈摩尼淨寶光明、普照諸方摩尼光明。又出十種大香電光,雨十種雲,出過諸天;謂:十種黑栴檀雲、十種曼陀羅華雲、十種莊嚴雲、十種鬘雲、十種雜色衣雲、十種寶雲、十種天子雲、十種天女雲、十種菩薩雲;常樂聞法。
"...called Sea Tide; there is a grove there named Universal Adornment; there is a laywoman there, named Relinquishment. Go to her and ask how a bodhisattva cultivates the bodhisattva path, and purifies the bodhisattva path." At that time Sudhana the Boy, his joy beyond measure, in the presence of the monk Sāgaradhvaja, attained firmness within what is unfirm; attained truth within what is unreal; reaching the very end of the sublime treasury of merit's own domain, he attained bright, pure wisdom, universally illumining everything; attaining the light of profound samādhi, he reached pure liberation; through skillful means he contemplated every world, purifying every Dharma-gate; his bright, pure wisdom universally illumining the ten directions. He bowed his head at his feet, circled him countless times, and, gazing up at him with longing, took his leave and traveled south.
At that time Sudhana the Boy, rightly holding Sāgaradhvaja in mind and reflecting on him, his mind never once relinquishing that memory, delighting to see him without ever tiring, longing for his sacred voice, his eyes still picturing that kind countenance; rightly holding in mind and reflecting on his own mind's domain, the samādhi's own domain, the domain of vow and practice; rightly holding in mind and reflecting on bright, pure wisdom, revering the good spiritual friend, turning toward the good spiritual friend, holding the good spiritual friend's own teaching in mind; toward the good spiritual friend raising a mind of love and reverence. He thought further: "Through a good spiritual friend, one comes to see every buddha. A good spiritual friend opens and reveals every buddha-dharma; a good spiritual friend is an extraordinary Dharma, causing one to come to see every buddha-dharma; a good spiritual friend is a bright, pure eye, causing one to see the Buddha as one sees space itself; a good spiritual friend is a good ferry-crossing, causing one to reach the very bottom of the Buddha's own lotus pond." Gradually traveling south, he arrived at Sea Tide, and beheld the grove Universal Adornment.
Seven-jeweled walls surrounded it on every side; every kind of marvelous jeweled tree stood in adorned rows; every flowering tree rained down flowers like clouds, scattering them across the ground; fragrant trees, sweetly perfumed, spread their scent through the ten directions; garland-trees hung with garlands, jewel-trees rained jewels, spreading adornment everywhere; every kind of jeweled-robe tree covered everything entirely; every kind of music-tree sent forth subtle, marvelous sounds — with treasures such as these it was adorned. Within this grove there were ten thousand lecture halls, formed entirely of every jewel; ten thousand pavilions, covered over with Jambū-river gold; ten thousand palaces, adorned with the treasury of Vairocana's own jewels. There were ten thousand bathing pools, formed entirely of every jewel, surrounded on every side by balustrades of the seven treasures; the water of the eight virtues filled them, calm and complete; Jambū-river golden sand and pure, jeweled pearls covered the bottom of every pool entirely; jeweled stairways on all four sides, dignified and orderly; jeweled tāla-trees stood in rows all around; wild geese, swans, mandarin ducks, peacocks, and cranes, and every kind of bird, played within them, sending forth harmonious, elegant sounds, covered over with golden nets; the wind arose spontaneously, sending forth subtle, marvelous sounds; every kind of jeweled canopy was set up, jeweled trees spreading everywhere. Countless supreme and excellent jeweled banners were raised, releasing great light, illumining a hundred yojanas and a million pools; black sandalwood mud lay settled at the bottom of the pools, from which jeweled lotuses grew, filling them entirely; from those lotuses came forth great light, universally illumining everything.
Within this grove there was a great palace, named the Banner of Adornment; the treasury of the ocean's own sublime jewels formed its ground; pillars of lapis lazuli, adorned most sublimely, towered majestically, high and vast, like a mountain of gold; whatever sentient being beheld it could not help but rejoice. There were maṇi jewels beyond number, pure and universally illumining everything; spontaneous fragrances arose from it — the fragrance of bright appearance, the fragrance of the king of fragrances, the fragrance of awakening, and others — and thrones of every jewel were spread out: the throne of the lotus-treasury, the throne of the treasury illumining every direction, the throne of the bright, pure treasury, the throne of the treasury delighting every sentient being, the throne of the lion-treasury, the throne of the stainless jeweled treasury, the throne of the inconceivable treasury, the throne of the universal-gate maṇi jewel-treasury, the throne of the light-adorned treasury, the throne of the great-ocean treasury, and the throne of the vajra lion-treasury; countless windows, adorned with sublime jewels. Further, ten thousand marvelous jeweled canopies were hung: the canopy of jeweled robes, the canopy of sublime jeweled flowers, the canopy of jeweled tree-branches, the canopy of maṇi jewels, the golden canopy, the adorned canopy, the fragrant canopy, the canopy of entertainment, the canopy of the sovereign nāga king, the canopy of the horse-king, and the canopy adorned by Śakra himself; ten thousand jeweled nets were strung above them: the net of golden bells, the net of the canopy of every treasure, the net of every jeweled image, the net of the ocean-treasury pearl, the net of blue-lapis maṇi jewels, the net of the lion's roar, the net of moon-maṇi, the net of the fragrant elephant, the net of every jeweled mountain, and the net of the king of jewels; ten thousand lights universally illumined the world: the light of the night-radiant maṇi, the light of the pure jewel of the sun-treasury maṇi, the light of the sublime jewel of the moon-banner maṇi, the light of fragrant flame, the light of the sublime treasury maṇi jewel, the light of the red lotus, the light of the pure jewel of the night-radiant maṇi, the light of the pure jewel of the great-lamp maṇi, and the light of the maṇi universally illumining every direction. Further, ten kinds of great, fragrant lightning came forth, raining down ten kinds of clouds surpassing even the heavens: ten kinds of black-sandalwood clouds, ten kinds of mandārava-flower clouds, ten kinds of adorned clouds, ten kinds of garland clouds, ten kinds of many-colored robe clouds, ten kinds of jeweled clouds, ten kinds of clouds of heavenly youths, ten kinds of clouds of heavenly maidens, and ten kinds of clouds of bodhisattvas — all of them constantly delighting to hear the Dharma.
Fazang glosses "Sea Tide" as marking this stage's own particular skill: 近大海側,潮浪至之處,表此第七巧便就機,用不過限故 — "close to the ocean's edge, the very place the tide's own waves reach, signifying this seventh abode's own skillful accommodation to capacity, its function never exceeding its proper limit" — the tide reaches exactly as far as it reaches, no further, and this stage's own skillful means works the same way. He glosses "laywoman" itself as 慈悲之貌 — "the very countenance of compassion" — and, on her name, records that the Sanskrit original names her either 呼捨羅 or, checked against the Indian text directly, 阿舍 — "delighted in meaning," also rendered "wish-fulfiller" (滿願), since she is able to fulfill every sentient being's own wish. Fazang counts thirteen distinct elements composing the grove's own adornment (walls, flowering trees, halls, pavilions, palaces, pools, the great palace itself, its ten thrones, jeweled canopies, jeweled nets, universal light, ten kinds of lightning, and a hundred kinds of cloud) — an inventory this dense, on his reading, is itself doing rhetorical work: adornment this total is meant to be felt as total, not itemized and moved past.
"None of It Is Ever in Vain"
爾時,休捨優婆夷處金色藏座,海藏寶莊嚴網羅覆其身;吉由羅莊嚴,出過諸天;大摩尼網,莊嚴其首;師子珠寶,無量如意,淨摩尼寶,嚴飾其身;無量億眾,恭敬圍遶,合掌而住。東方無量眾生,諸梵天王,梵身大梵,梵輔他化,自在天王,乃至人及非人,一切諸王,來詣其所;南、西、北方,四維,上、下,亦復如是。其有得見此優婆夷者,一切眾病皆悉除愈;心淨離垢,拔邪見刺,除滅障礙,淨無礙地。於彼地中,長養善根,成就諸根,方便攝一切智,一切陀羅尼門、一切三昧門,皆現在前,發一切願門,究竟一切行門,出生一切淨門;其心廣大,出生一切,通得無礙身,靡所不至。爾時,善財童子入普莊嚴園林,周遍觀察,見休捨優婆夷,處金色座;往詣其所,頭面禮足,遶無數匝,白言:「大聖!我已先發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心,而未知菩薩云何學菩薩行、修菩薩道,唯願為我具足演說。」
答言:「善男子!我唯成就一法門,若見聞、念知、親近我者,皆悉不虛。善男子!若有眾生不種善根,不親近善知識,不為諸佛所護念者,彼諸眾生不能見我。善男子!若有眾生能見我者,則於阿耨多羅三藐三菩提,得不退轉。東方諸佛常來我所,處寶師子座,為我說法;南、西、北方,四維,上、下,一切諸佛悉來我所,處寶師子座,為我說法。善男子!我常見諸佛菩薩,未曾遠離。善男子!我此大眾,有八萬四千億菩薩,皆我同行,於阿耨多羅三藐三菩提得不退轉;此普莊嚴園林一切眾會,亦於阿耨多羅三藐三菩提得不退轉。」
善財白言:「大聖!發菩提心來,為久如耶?」
答言:「善男子!我念過去於錠光佛所,出家求道,淨修梵行,恭敬供養,聞法受持;次於離垢佛所,出家求道,淨修梵行,恭敬供養,聞法受持;次於妙幢佛、妙德佛、功德藏佛、毘樓遮那佛、普眼佛、梵壽佛、自在佛、善天佛。善男子!我於如是等三十六恒河沙佛所,出家求道,淨修梵行,恭敬供養,聞法受持,了知一切諸佛智慧。初發菩薩心,充滿法界,無量大悲攝取眾生;發諸菩薩無量大願,究竟十方法界,無量大悲普覆眾生。於一切剎、一切劫中,修習菩薩無量諸行、無量三昧力,不捨不轉菩薩正道;菩薩無量陀羅尼力,善能護持一切眾生;菩薩無量淨智慧力,方便正念,普照三世;菩薩無量諸通明力,遍遊一切諸世界網;菩薩無量諸辯才力,能以一言悅一切眾。善男子!我有菩薩無量自在神力,能以一身滿一切剎。」
At that time the laywoman Relinquishment sat upon a throne of golden treasury, a net adorned with the ocean-treasury's own jewels covering her body; adorned with arm-seals, surpassing even the heavens; a great maṇi net adorned her head; lion-pearls and jewels beyond measure, fulfilling every wish, and pure maṇi jewels adorned her body; a retinue beyond a hundred million, reverently surrounding her, stood with joined palms. From the east, sentient beings beyond measure, every king of the Brahmā heavens, Brahmā-bodied and Great Brahmā, Brahmā's own ministers, and the Heaven of Free Enjoyment of Others' Emanations, and every king down to humans and non-humans, came before her; and from the south, west, and north, the four intermediate directions, above and below, it was exactly the same.
Whoever was able to see this laywoman had every one of their illnesses entirely cured; their minds became pure, free of stain, the thorn of wrong view drawn out, every hindrance extinguished, reaching the unobstructed ground. Within that very ground, they nurtured every root of goodness, perfected every faculty, and through skillful means gathered in omniscience; every dhāraṇī-gate and every samādhi-gate appeared directly before them; they raised every gate of vow, reached the very end of every gate of practice, and gave rise to every gate of purity; their minds vast and great, giving rise to everything, attaining an unobstructed body that reaches everywhere without exception. At that time Sudhana the Boy entered the grove Universal Adornment, and, looking everywhere, beheld the laywoman Relinquishment seated upon her golden throne; going before her, he bowed his head at her feet, circled her countless times, and said: "Great sage! I have already raised the mind of unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening, and I do not yet know how a bodhisattva learns the bodhisattva's own practice, and cultivates the bodhisattva path — I ask only that you, for my sake, fully expound it."
She answered: "Good son, I have accomplished only a single Dharma-gate: whoever sees me, hears of me, remembers me, knows me, or draws near to me, none of it is ever in vain. Good son, if there are sentient beings who have not planted roots of goodness, who have not drawn near to good spiritual friends, and who are not held in the mindful protection of the buddhas, those sentient beings are unable to see me. Good son, whatever sentient being is able to see me will attain non-retrogression from unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening. The buddhas of the east constantly come to where I am, seated upon a jeweled lion-throne, expounding the Dharma for my sake; and every buddha of the south, west, and north, the four intermediate directions, above and below, likewise all come to where I am, seated upon a jeweled lion-throne, expounding the Dharma for my sake. Good son, I constantly behold every buddha and bodhisattva, never once departing from them. Good son, within this great assembly of mine there are eighty-four thousand koṭis of bodhisattvas, all of them my own fellow practitioners, who have attained non-retrogression from unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening; and this entire assembly of the grove Universal Adornment has likewise attained non-retrogression from unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening."
Sudhana said: "Great sage, how long has it been since you raised the mind of awakening?"
She answered: "Good son, I recall that, in the past, at the presence of the Buddha Dīpaṃkara, I went forth from home and sought the path, purely cultivating pure conduct, reverently making offerings, hearing the Dharma and upholding it; then, at the presence of the Buddha Vimalā, I went forth from home and sought the path, purely cultivating pure conduct, reverently making offerings, hearing the Dharma and upholding it; then at the presence of the buddhas Sublime Banner, Sublime Virtue, Treasury of Merit, Vairocana, Universal Eye, Brahmā-Lifespan, Sovereign, and Excellent Heaven. Good son, at the presence of buddhas such as these, as numerous as the sands of thirty-six Ganges Rivers, I went forth from home and sought the path, purely cultivating pure conduct, reverently making offerings, hearing the Dharma and upholding it, coming to understand entirely the wisdom of every buddha. From my very first raising of the bodhisattva mind, filling the Dharma-realm, with boundless great compassion gathering sentient beings in; raising every bodhisattva's own boundless great vow, reaching the very end of the Dharma-realm of the ten directions, boundless great compassion universally covering sentient beings. Throughout every land and every eon, cultivating the bodhisattva's own boundless practices, boundless power of samādhi, never abandoning or turning from the bodhisattva's true path; the bodhisattva's own boundless power of dhāraṇī, skillfully able to guard and uphold every sentient being; the bodhisattva's own boundless power of pure wisdom, skillful means and right mindfulness, universally illumining the three times; the bodhisattva's own boundless power of every spiritual brightness, traveling everywhere throughout the net of every world; the bodhisattva's own boundless power of every eloquence, able, with a single word, to delight every being. Good son, I possess the bodhisattva's own boundless, sovereign spiritual power, able, with a single body, to fill every land."
Fazang reads Relinquishment's own single-sentence Dharma-gate — "whoever sees me, hears of me, remembers me, knows me, or draws near to me, none of it is ever in vain" — against a strict causal condition she states immediately afterward: this is available only to those who have already planted roots of goodness, drawn near to good spiritual friends, and stand within the buddhas' own mindful protection. The gate is not magic bestowed indiscriminately on any passerby; it is a guaranteed result for those who have already done the preparatory work, which is exactly why her own thirty-six-Ganges-River count of past buddhas matters here — not as biography for its own sake, but as the accumulated cause behind a gate this immediate.
Part 25 Complete
This closes Part 25: the grove Universal Adornment in all its adornment, the laywoman Relinquishment's single Dharma-gate, and her own account of the buddhas she has served since Dīpaṃkara. Part 26 turns to the most striking passage of her teaching yet — a bodhicitta that refuses every bounded scope it could be given, and the Dharma-gate's own name.
Continue to Part 26 — A Mind With No Bounded Scope →