Maitrāyaṇī, and Every Buddha Reflected in a Single Jewel
In a hall of jewels at Lion's Vigor, Sudhana finds the girl Maitrāyaṇī, and within every single pillar, wall, mirror, bell, tree, and necklace beholds every buddha's entire career — from the first raising of the mind to entry into nirvāṇa — the way the moon's own reflection appears within clear water.
The Hall of Jewels, and What Every Jewel Held
爾時,善財童子起不可思議恭敬之心,好樂淨法,專向大乘,求諸佛智,親近如來,觀法境界無所障礙,決定實際,住實境界,至三世際,解了三世如虛空際,決定了知三世法際,不作法際,住無礙際,不違業際,決定了知佛際非際,住如來住;滅一切妄想,不著一切佛、一切眷屬、一切世界;知一切眾生非我無實,一切音聲離語言道,解一切色猶如電光。漸漸南行至彼城已,周遍推問彌多羅女為在何所。時,有人答:「今在師子幢王宮內。」聞已,即詣門下求見彼女。時,無量人眾悉入宮中,善財問言:「諸人今者為詣何所?」答言:「我等欲詣彌多羅女聽受正法。」
爾時,善財作如是念:「此王宮門自在出入無所障礙。」善財即入,見彼女人處在明淨寶藏法堂,地玻瓈色,瑠璃為柱,金剛為壁,閻浮檀金欄楯窻牖,光明普照,阿僧祇摩尼寶而莊校之;又千寶藏摩尼寶鏡,圓滿莊嚴,眾生所樂,明淨妙寶以為嚴飾;又阿僧祇摩尼寶網羅覆其上,百千金鈴出微妙音;有如是等不可思議眾寶校具,莊嚴講堂。見彼女人身如真金,目髮紺色,處淨水香寶師子座,覆以金網;敷眾寶衣,大眾圍遶,以梵音聲而為說法。見已,頭面禮足遶無數匝,合掌恭敬於一面住,白言:「大聖!我已先發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心,而未知菩薩云何學菩薩行,修菩薩道?」答言:「善男子!汝諦觀此法堂莊嚴。」
爾時,善財見一一瑠璃柱中、一一金剛壁中、一一摩尼鏡中、一一形像中、一一寶中、一一莊嚴中,一一金鈴中、一一寶樹中、一一寶形像中、一一寶瓔珞中,悉見法界等一切如來,從初發心,修菩薩行,成滿大願,功德莊嚴,成等正覺,轉淨法輪,乃至示現無餘涅槃,如淨水中見月影像。善財童子於一切境界莊嚴具中,見一切佛從初發心,乃至示現無餘涅槃,亦復如是,皆是彼女過去善根依果力故。
At that time Sudhana the Boy gave rise to a mind of reverence beyond conceiving, delighting in the pure Dharma, turning single-mindedly toward the Great Vehicle, seeking the wisdom of every buddha, drawing near to the Tathāgata, contemplating the Dharma's own domain without any obstruction, resolving upon the true limit, abiding in the true domain, reaching the very limit of the three times, understanding that the three times are like the limit of space itself, resolving and understanding entirely the limit of the Dharma of the three times, not fabricating any limit of the Dharma, abiding in the unobstructed limit, never opposing the limit of karma, resolving and understanding entirely that the Buddha's own limit is no limit at all, abiding in the Tathāgata's own abiding; extinguishing every false thought, attached to no buddha, no retinue, no world at all; knowing that no sentient being has any self or any true reality, that every sound and voice is apart from the path of language, understanding that every form is like a flash of lightning. Gradually traveling south, he arrived at that city, and, seeking everywhere, asked where the girl Maitrā might be found. At that time someone answered: "She is now within the palace of King Lion's Banner." Having heard this, he went to the gate seeking to see this girl. At that time countless people were entering the palace; Sudhana asked them: "Where are all of you going now?" They answered: "We wish to go before the girl Maitrā to hear and receive the true Dharma."
At that time Sudhana thought thus: "This palace gate opens and admits freely, without any obstruction." Sudhana then entered, and beheld this woman within a bright, pure, jeweled treasury Dharma-hall; its ground the color of crystal, its pillars of lapis lazuli, its walls of vajra, its balustrades and windows of Jambū-river gold, its light universally illumining everything, adorned with countless maṇi jewels; further, a thousand jeweled-treasury maṇi mirrors, perfectly round and adorned, delighting whatever being beheld them, adorned with bright, pure, sublime jewels; further, a net of countless maṇi jewels covered over it, a hundred thousand golden bells sending forth subtle, marvelous sounds — with every kind of treasure beyond conceiving such as these, the hall was adorned. He beheld this woman, her body like true gold, her eyes and hair a deep blue-black color, seated upon a lion-throne of pure, fragrant jewels amid water, covered with a net of gold; spread with every kind of jeweled robe, surrounded by a great assembly, expounding the Dharma in a voice like Brahmā's own. Having seen her, he bowed his head at her feet, circled her countless times, and, joining his palms in reverence, stood to one side and said: "Great sage! I have already raised the mind of unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening, and I do not yet know how a bodhisattva learns the bodhisattva's own practice, cultivates the bodhisattva path?" She answered: "Good son, look closely and contemplate the adornment of this very Dharma-hall."
At that time Sudhana beheld, within every single pillar of lapis lazuli, within every single wall of vajra, within every single maṇi mirror, within every single image, within every single jewel, within every single ornament, within every single golden bell, within every single jeweled tree, within every single jeweled image, within every single jeweled necklace — he beheld entirely, equal to the whole Dharma-realm, every tathāgata, from their very first raising of the mind, cultivating the bodhisattva's own practice, fulfilling the great vow, adorned with merit, attaining perfect awakening, turning the pure Dharma-wheel, even manifesting entry into nirvāṇa without remainder — just as one beholds the moon's own reflection within clear water. Within every single adorned object of every domain, Sudhana the Boy beheld every buddha, from their very first raising of the mind even to manifesting entry into nirvāṇa without remainder, in exactly the same way — all of it through the power of this woman's own roots of goodness planted in the past.
Fazang glosses Maitrāyaṇī's own name plainly: 此云慈女,謂智德內圓、慈相外彰故名也 — "translated, this means 'Girl of Kindness': her wisdom-virtue perfectly complete within, her outward mark of kindness manifest without, and so she is named for both at once." He records the Sanskrit original, Maitrāyaṇā, as meaning "kindness that rescues beings," and notes that her father, King Lion's Banner, makes her a princess — fitting, on his reading, for the abode this teacher represents: the tenth and final of the ten abodes, the "abode of coronation," a position already crowned rather than still advancing toward one.
On the vision within every jewel, Fazang draws a precise contrast with a much later scene in this same chapter, where Samantabhadra's own pores will manifest lands directly: 下文普賢毛孔現塵剎等即正報現依,此中則依報現正 — "in that later passage, the personal retribution [Samantabhadra's own body] manifests the environmental retribution [lands]; here, the reverse: the environmental retribution [the hall's own jewels] manifests the personal retribution [every buddha's own career]." The same one-in-all principle runs through this whole chapter's use of vision, but the direction reverses depending on who is doing the manifesting — a detail worth watching for as more such scenes accumulate across the remaining teachers.
A Hundred and Sixteen Dhāraṇī-Gates
爾時,善財正念諸佛,恭敬合掌,白言:「大聖!此何法門?」答言:「善男子!是般若波羅蜜普莊嚴法門;我於三十六恒沙佛所修此法門,彼諸如來各以異門,令我入此般若波羅蜜普莊嚴法門。」善財白言:「大聖!此法門者,境界云何?」答言:「善男子!我入此法門,正念思惟,分別受持,生平等時,得普門陀羅尼等百萬阿僧祇陀羅尼門,以為眷屬;所謂:佛剎陀羅尼門、佛陀羅尼門、法陀羅尼門、眾生陀羅尼門、過去陀羅尼門、未來陀羅尼門、現在陀羅尼門、安住實際陀羅尼門、功德陀羅尼門、功德具陀羅尼門、智陀羅尼門、智具陀羅尼門、諸願陀羅尼門、分別諸願陀羅尼門、行陀羅尼門、修集行陀羅尼門、淨行陀羅尼門、滿足行陀羅尼門、業陀羅尼門、不違業陀羅尼門、業流陀羅尼門、業所作陀羅尼門、遠離惡業陀羅尼門、向正業陀羅尼門、業自在陀羅尼門、善行陀羅尼門、善行三昧陀羅尼門、三昧陀羅尼門、隨順三昧陀羅尼門、分別三昧陀羅尼門、無壞三昧陀羅尼門、諸通明陀羅尼門、心海陀羅尼門、種種心陀羅尼門、淨心地陀羅尼門、普照重惡心陀羅尼門、心喜調御師陀羅尼門、發起眾生陀羅尼門、煩惱陀羅尼門、習氣陀羅尼門、煩惱方便陀羅尼門、欲陀羅尼門、眾生所行陀羅尼門、眾生種種業行陀羅尼門、眾生世間自性陀羅尼門、眾生相陀羅尼門、方陀羅尼門、說法陀羅尼門、大悲陀羅尼門、大慈陀羅尼門、寂滅陀羅尼門、諸言語道陀羅尼門、方便非方便陀羅尼門、隨順陀羅尼門、分別陀羅尼門、攝取陀羅尼門、無礙實際陀羅尼門、普陀羅尼門、佛法陀羅尼門、菩薩法陀羅尼門、緣覺法陀羅尼門、聲聞法陀羅尼門、世間法陀羅尼門、世界起陀羅尼門、世界滅陀羅尼門、世界形色陀羅尼門、淨世界陀羅尼門、垢世界陀羅尼門、於淨世界現垢濁剎陀羅尼門、於垢世界現清淨剎陀羅尼門、純淨世界陀羅尼門、純垢世界陀羅尼門、平等世界陀羅尼門、翻覆世界陀羅尼門、伏住世界陀羅尼門、入因陀羅網陀羅尼門、迴轉世界陀羅尼門、住相陀羅尼門、小處置大陀羅尼門、大處置小陀羅尼門、分別佛身陀羅尼門、放佛莊嚴光明網陀羅尼門、分別如來圓滿音聲陀羅尼門、佛正法輪陀羅尼門、生佛法輪陀羅尼門、分別佛法輪陀羅尼門、無壞佛法輪陀羅尼門、佛辯法輪陀羅尼門、向佛法輪陀羅尼門、能作佛事陀羅尼門、向諸佛眾陀羅尼門、分別諸佛大眾陀羅尼門、諸佛無盡大眷屬海陀羅尼門、普照佛力陀羅尼門、如來三昧陀羅尼門、如來三昧神力自在陀羅尼門、究竟佛事陀羅尼門、住佛所住陀羅尼門、佛持陀羅尼門、佛化陀羅尼門、佛知眾生心心所行陀羅尼門、佛神力自在陀羅尼門、住兜率天陀羅尼門、乃至示現入般涅槃陀羅尼門、饒益無量眾生陀羅尼門、諸甚深法陀羅尼門、諸莊嚴法陀羅尼門、菩提心色法方便陀羅尼門、菩提心起色陀羅尼門、願色陀羅尼門、行色陀羅尼門、通明色陀羅尼門、出生死色陀羅尼門、清淨智色陀羅尼門、清淨慧色陀羅尼門、菩提無量色陀羅尼門、自心淨色陀羅尼門。善男子!我唯知此般若波羅蜜普莊嚴法門,諸大菩薩心如虛空,入深法界,功德成滿,安住出世法,遠離世間行;具足清淨,離癡慧眼,決定了知無量法界,智慧無量與虛空等,得無礙眼,於一切境界無所障礙,住無礙地藏,普照一切,善能分別一切法義,一切世間無能壞者,行世間行無所染著,善巧方便,饒益攝取一切眾生,隨其所應悉能示現,於一切時轉正法輪而得自在;如是功德,我當云何能知、能說?善男子!於此南方有一國土,名曰救度,彼有比丘名曰善現,汝詣彼問云何菩薩學菩薩行、修菩薩
At that time Sudhana, rightly holding every buddha in mind, reverently joining his palms, said: "Great sage, what Dharma-gate is this?" She answered: "Good son, this is the Dharma-gate of the Perfection of Wisdom's Universal Adornment; at the presence of thirty-six Ganges-River-sands' worth of buddhas, I cultivated this Dharma-gate, and each of those tathāgatas, through a different gate, caused me to enter this very Dharma-gate of the Perfection of Wisdom's Universal Adornment." Sudhana said: "Great sage, what is the domain of this Dharma-gate?"
She answered: "Good son, entering this Dharma-gate, rightly holding it in mind and reflecting on it, discerning and upholding it, at the moment of giving rise to the time of equanimity, I attained the Universal-Gate Dhāraṇī and dhāraṇīs beyond a million in number as its own retinue — namely: the Dhāraṇī-gate of Buddha-Lands, of Buddhas, of the Dharma, of Sentient Beings, of the Past, of the Future, of the Present, of Abiding in the True Limit, of Merit, of the Equipment of Merit, of Wisdom, of the Equipment of Wisdom, of Every Vow, of Discerning Every Vow, of Practice, of Cultivating and Gathering Practice, of Pure Practice, of Fulfilled Practice, of Karma, of Not Opposing Karma, of the Flow of Karma, of What Karma Produces, of Being Far from Evil Karma, of Turning Toward Right Karma, of Sovereign Mastery over Karma, of Wholesome Conduct, of the Samādhi of Wholesome Conduct, of Samādhi, of According with Samādhi, of Discerning Samādhi, of Indestructible Samādhi, of Every Spiritual Brightness, of the Ocean of Mind, of Every Kind of Mind, of the Pure Ground of Mind, Universally Illumining the Heaviest Mind of Evil, of the Joyful Mind, Tamer and Guide, of Rousing Sentient Beings, of Affliction, of Habitual Tendency, of the Skillful Means of Affliction, of Desire, of What Sentient Beings Do, of Every Kind of Karmic Conduct of Sentient Beings, of the Own-Nature of the World of Sentient Beings, of the Mark of Sentient Beings, of Direction, of Expounding the Dharma, of Great Compassion, of Great Kindness, of Tranquil Extinction, of Every Path of Language, of Skillful Means and Non-Skillful-Means, of According With, of Discerning, of Gathering In, of the Unobstructed True Limit, the Universal Dhāraṇī-gate, of the Buddha-dharma, of the Bodhisattva's Dharma, of the Pratyekabuddha's Dharma, of the Śrāvaka's Dharma, of Worldly Dharma, of the World's Own Arising, of the World's Own Dissolution, of the World's Own Shape and Color, of a Pure World, of a Stained World, of Manifesting a Stained, Murky Land Within a Pure World, of Manifesting a Pure Land Within a Stained World, of an Entirely Pure World, of an Entirely Stained World, of an Equal World, of an Inverted World, of a World Made Stable, of Entering Indra's Net, of Revolving Worlds, of Abiding Marks, of Placing the Great Within the Small, of Placing the Small Within the Great, of Discerning the Buddha's Body, of Releasing the Net of the Buddha's Own Adorned Light, of Discerning the Tathāgata's Own Perfect Voice, of the Buddha's Own True Dharma-Wheel, of Giving Rise to the Buddha's Dharma-Wheel, of Discerning the Buddha's Dharma-Wheel, of the Buddha's Indestructible Dharma-Wheel, of the Buddha's Own Eloquent Dharma-Wheel, of Turning Toward the Buddha's Dharma-Wheel, of Being Able to Perform a Buddha's Own Work, of Turning Toward Every Buddha's Assembly, of Discerning Every Buddha's Great Assembly, of the Inexhaustible Great Ocean of Every Buddha's Own Retinue, Universally Illumining the Buddha's Own Strength, of the Tathāgata's Own Samādhi, of the Tathāgata's Own Samādhi's Sovereign Spiritual Power, of the Buddha's Work Brought to Its Very End, of Abiding in the Buddha's Own Abiding, of the Buddha's Own Sustaining Power, of the Buddha's Own Transformation, of the Buddha Knowing Every Sentient Being's Mind and Every Mental Factor's Own Activity, of the Buddha's Own Sovereign Spiritual Power, of Abiding in the Tuṣita Heaven, even up to the Dhāraṇī-gate of Manifesting Entry into Final Nirvāṇa, of Bringing Benefit to Sentient Beings Beyond Measure, of Every Profound Dharma, of Every Adorned Dharma, of the Skillful Means of the Form of the Mind of Awakening, of the Form Arising from the Mind of Awakening, of the Form of Vow, of the Form of Practice, of the Form of Spiritual Brightness, of the Form That Transcends Birth and Death, of the Form of Pure Wisdom, of the Form of Pure Understanding, of the Form of Awakening Beyond Measure, and the Dhāraṇī-gate of the Form of One's Own Pure Mind. Good son, I know only this Dharma-gate of the Perfection of Wisdom's Universal Adornment — the great bodhisattvas, their minds like space itself, entering deeply into the Dharma-realm, their merit accomplished and complete, abiding in the transcendent Dharma, forever removed from worldly conduct; fully endowed with purity, apart from every deluded eye of wisdom, resolving and understanding entirely the boundless Dharma-realm, their wisdom boundless, equal to space itself, attaining the unobstructed eye, unobstructed within every domain, abiding in the unobstructed treasury of the ground, universally illumining everything, skillfully able to discern the meaning of every dharma, unable to be destroyed by any world at all, practicing worldly conduct without being stained by it, through skillful means bringing benefit and gathering in every sentient being, manifesting according to whatever is needed, sovereign in turning the true Dharma-wheel at every time — such merit as this, how could I possibly know it, how could I possibly explain it? Good son, to the south of here there is a land, called Rescue and Deliverance; there is a monk there, named Excellent Manifestation. Go to him and ask how a bodhisattva learns the bodhisattva's own practice, cultivates the bodhisattva—
Fazang counts a hundred and sixteen dhāraṇī-gates in this list and organizes them into ten groups by function, closing the entire "Ten Abodes" section of his commentary on exactly this teacher — Maitrāyaṇī is the last of the ten, matching the tenth and final abode, "coronation," her father's own kingship a fitting emblem of a position already crowned. His own note on why every one of her thirty-six-Ganges-River teachers taught her through a "different gate" leading to this same one Dharma-gate states the underlying principle directly: 攝別歸普故、一切成一故、顯一甚深故廣多故 — "gathering the particular back into the universal; everything becoming one; showing that this one is profoundly deep, and therefore vast."
| Group | Theme | Gates |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Knowing principle and phenomena | 8 |
| 2 | Practice | 10 |
| 3 | Karma | 8 |
| 4 | The function of samādhi | 6 |
| 5 | Knowing others' minds | 5 |
| 6 | Knowing whom to transform | 11 |
| 7 | The capacity to transform arising | 15 |
| 8 | Sovereign mastery over the ocean of lands | 17 |
| 9 | Sovereign mastery over the ocean of buddhas | 27 |
| 10 | Unobstructed mastery over the ocean of forms | 10 |
Fazang draws one further connection worth keeping in mind for the rest of this pilgrimage: the tenth abode's own Dharma-gate here, "the Perfection of Wisdom's Universal Adornment," parallels — in function if not in name — the tenth and final bodhisattva ground, the Ground of the Dharma-Cloud, which this site's Dasabhūmika-śāstra collection already treats at length. The ten abodes and the ten grounds are, on Fazang's own account, not simply two separate numbered lists that happen to share the number ten; the culmination of one anticipates the culmination of the other.
Part 30 Complete
This closes Part 30, and with it the entire "Ten Abodes" stage of the pilgrimage — Fazang's own commentary marks this teacher as its final position. Sudhana is sent onward, to the land Rescue and Deliverance, and the monk Excellent Manifestation, opening the ten practices to come.
Continue to Part 31 — Excellent Manifestation, and the Ten Practices Begin →